1814 in Canada

• Monarch: George III{{cite web |date=31 December 2015 |title=George III |url=https://www.royal.uk/george-iii-r-1760-1820 |access-date=18 April 2016 |website=Official website of the British monarchy |publisher=Royal Household}}

• Parliament of Lower Canada: 7th (until March 22)
• Parliament of Upper Canada: 6th

• Governor of the Canadas: Robert Milnes
• Governor of New Brunswick: George Prévost
• Governor of Nova Scotia: John Coape Sherbrooke
• Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: Richard Goodwin Keats
• Governor of Prince Edward Island: Charles Douglass Smith

• March 3 – The Governor refuses to suspend Chief Justices Sewell and Monk, on suggestion of one branch of the Legislature. James Stuart moves, affirming the Assembly's right to inform the Governor of irregularities, without concurrence of the council; and that the Governor has violated the Constitution.
• March 7 – The Assembly votes confidence in the Governor, apart from his advisors.
• March 8 – The council sustain their Clerk's refusal to show their minutes to a Committee of the Assembly.
• March 9 – The Assembly vote 2,000 pounds, for impeachment of Chief Justices Sewell and Monk. The council will not pass the item.
• March 17 – The Assembly resolve that the council's disallowance of a money bill is contrary to English and Canadian usage.
• May 6 – The British, under Henry Drummond, burn Fort Oswego, on Lake Ontario.
• May 25 – Louis-Joseph Papineau is unanimously elected speaker.
• July 5 – Battle of Chippewa.{{Cite web |title=The Battle of Chippawa |url=https://war1812.tripod.com/batchip.html |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=war1812.tripod.com}}
• July 25 – The United States lose about 1,000 of 3,000 at the Battle of Lundy's Lane.
• August – 4,000 of Wellington's veterans have reached Canada.
• August 1 to November 5 – The Siege of Fort Erie.
• August 11 – Battle of Lake Champlain.
• August 14 – At Fort Erie, the British lose many lives, by the explosion of a magazine.
• August – General Ross takes Washington, D.C.
• August 25 – The seaboard of the United States is blockaded by ships released from European service.
• August – Envoys consider terms of peace, at Ghent.
• September 12 – An expedition of 11,000 under Governor George Prevost, supplied to winter at Plattsburg, N.Y., seeing its fleet dispersed and the enemy gathering, retreats, abandoning stores. In 1813, Wellington desired that Prevost should not abandon his policy of defence for petty advantages, to be gained by invasion, which he could not possibly maintain.
• October – Martin Chittenden, Governor of Vermont, regards the war "as unnecessary, unwise and hopeless, in all its offensive operations."
• December 22 – Treaty of Commerce, between the U.S. and Great Britain, signed at Ghent.
• December 24 – Treaty of Ghent ends the War of 1812.
• December 27 – Then prince regent George IV ratifies both treaties. One relates to boundaries and the slave trade.
• David Thompson delivers his map of western North America to partners of North West Company.
• Canadian Army bills, 1,500,000 pounds.
• Chief Justice Sewell, while in England, to defend himself, advises uniting the Canadas with one Parliament.
• The Assembly re-proposes representation in London. The Council objects. The Home Government declares that the Governor is the constitutional medium of communication between the Colony and the Imperial Government.

• February 10 – David Anderson, Church of England priest and bishop of Rupert's Land (d.1885)
• May 3
• John Hamilton Gray, Premier of New Brunswick (d.1889)
• Adams George Archibald, politician (d.1892)
• May 20 – William Steeves, politician (d. 1873)
• July 21 – Jacques Philippe Lantier, businessman, author and politician (d.1882)
• September 6 – George-Étienne Cartier, politician and statesman (d.1873)

• Thomas-Louis Connolly, Archbishop of Halifax (d.1876)
• William Kennedy April 1814

• September 4 – Joseph Willcocks, diarist, office holder, printer, publisher, journalist, politician, and army officer (b.1773)

"What constitutes the greatness and happiness of a nation:" people's spirit, education, "the political constitution under which they live" etc.

James Somerville, "A Discourse, delivered in the Scotch Church at Montreal[....]" (April 21, 1814), [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.57308/22 pg. 17] Accessed 7 April 2025

Indigenous people's "firm attachment to our interest[...]adds greatly to our means of defending and securing our Canadian possessions"David Anderson, "The firm attachment of the Indians to our interest[....]," Canada, or, A View of the Importance of the British American Colonies, [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.32284/288 pg. 241] Accessed 7 April 2025

London-based charity for poor children's education in Upper and Lower Canada funds school intended for 3–400 boys in Quebec City"Education of the Poor in Canada," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4269713 October 6, 1814] pg. 3 (1st column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 14 April 2025

Cartoon: William Charles shows "Iohn" Bull as King George "baking" more ships to replace ones taken on "the Lakes," including by "Mac Do-enough"William Charles, [https://digitalarchive.tpl.ca/objects/337945/iohn-sic-bull-making-a-new-batch-of-ships-to-send-to-the-l?idx=2 "Iohn Bull making a new Batch of Ships to send to the Lakes"] (Philadelphia, 1814), Toronto Public Library. Accessed 7 April 2025

Pres. Madison informs Congress of U.S. acceptance of U.K. proposal to begin peace negotiations; but not with any relaxation of war preparations"Important; Peace Tidings; To the Senate[....]" (January 6, 1814), The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=18140224&printsec=frontpage (February 24, 1814)] pg. 2 of 2 (lefthand page). Accessed 4 April 2025

Maryland House of Delegates fears "barbarity" of U.S. forces burning Newark, U.C. may bring "upon our coasts the most direful vengeance"[https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/03-07-02-0207 "To James Madison from the Maryland House of Delegates, ca. 25 January 1814"] U.S. National Archives. See also [https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/03-07-02-0093 Thomas Jefferson letter] in which he advises government to justify or disavow burning of Newark. Accessed 21 April 2025

Editorial says U.S.A. must capture Kingston, Upper Canada; "anything done to the westward [is] taking the lion by the tail only""Quebec, March 15, 1814; The capture of Kingston[....]," The Quebec Mercury [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/3661057 (March 15, 1814)] pg. 7 (left column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 11 April 2025.

Regarding reports of armistice, Secretary of State tells President "the affair [is] unsettled, and might terminate in nothing."[https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/03-07-02-0368 "To James Madison from James Monroe"] (April 10, 1814), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 22 April 2025

Print: Attack on Ft. Oswego, N.Y., with rescue of wounded British soldiers (foreground) and warships firing on promontory (background)[https://collections.musee-mccord-stewart.ca/en/objects/17236/assaut-du-fort-oswego-sur-le-lac-ontario-amerique-du-nord?idx=2 "Storming Fort Oswego, on Lake Ontario, North America. May 6th, 1814"] (1817), Musée McCord Stewart Museum. See also [http://ibiblio.org/anrs/docs/E/E3/dh_1812_v03c02a.pdf British and U.S. documents] (pgs. 463–79) on Oswego battle. Accessed 18 April 2025

With Napoleon's fall, U.K. concludes conventions with other Allied Powers, including one keeping them (and France) out of War of 1812"The Royal Gazette; Thursday, June 2, 1814; Vienna, April 9," The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=18140602&printsec=frontpage (June 2, 1814)] pg. 2 of 2 (righthand page, 1st column). Accessed 4 April 2025

Editorial: "The war must soon we think change from an offensive to a defensive one on the part of the States[....]""Quebec, July 12, 1814; Things appear to continue quiet[....]" The Quebec Mercury [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/3661077 (July 12, 1814)] pg. 6, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 15 April 2025.

"Obstinate and sanguinary contest" - Bloody Battle of Lundy's Lane leaves "vast numbers of[...]dead upon the field""Montreal Herald Extra" (August 2, 1814), The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4269697 August 4, 1814] pg. 2 (2nd column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. See also [https://www.loc.gov/item/2020768170/ U.S. account] of battle. Accessed 14 April 2025

"The power of England was never displayed in Canada like at present. The troops which arrive daily are[...]brigades moved from [France]"Quebec; Thursday, August 4, 1814," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4269697 August 4, 1814] pg. 2 (3rd column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. See also [https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/99-03-02-2576 John Quincy Adams letter] expressing his pessimism about U.S.A.'s prospects. Accessed 14 April 2025

Royal Navy surgeon from Nova Scotia, with British forces in Washington, witnesses burning of Capitol, White House and other sites"A Nova Scotian Observer at the Burning of Washington, August 1814," [https://archives.novascotia.ca/washington/archives/?ID=3&Page=201404278&Transcript=1 pgs. 2–3] See also [https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/99-03-02-2626 John Quincy Adams letter] exploring reasons for British policy of burning. Accessed 11 April 2025

U.S. General Macomb reports defeat of British squadron on Lake Champlain and rout of Gen. Prevost's army in Battle of Plattsburgh"H. Q. Plattsburgh, September 14, 1814; General Orders," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4269710 September 29, 1814] pg. 2 (2nd column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. See also [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.42592/9 Master Commandant Macdonough's report] (pg. 5; frame 9) of battle with British squadron and several documents [http://ibiblio.org/anrs/docs/E/E3/dh_1812_v03c02b.pdf (pgs. 607–17)] about battle. Accessed 14 April 2025

John Quincy Adams and 4 other U.S. negotiators assume British are delaying peace treaty talks until after Congress of Vienna[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.35112204852760&seq=9 "The ministers plenipotentiary[...]to the secretary of state"] (October 25, 1814), "Message from the President of the United States[....]," pg. [5]. Accessed 23 April 2025

Opinion: U.S. war aim seems to have changed from conquering Canada to preserving "that ascendency which they acquired by the peace of 1783""Quebec; Thursday, November 17, 1814; The efforts[....]," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4269726 November 17, 1814] pg. 2 (3rd column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 16 April 2025

Treaty of Ghent ends war and returns captured territory (including lands of First Nations at war) and seized property (including enslaved people)

[https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/ghent.asp Treaty of Peace and Amity between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America] (December 24, 1814), Lillian Goldman Law Library. See also [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.29202/5 "A Compressed View of the Points to be Discussed, in treating with the United States of America; A.D. 1814"] Accessed 3 April 2025

"Demagogues [exploiting] hatred to England,[...]popular favour, the obsession of power, money [etc., will lead] to eternal war with England""From the United States Gazette; Reflections," The Montreal Herald, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4928706 December 10, 1814] pg. 2 (5th column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 17 April 2025

Map: Lower Canada from Lake St. Francis to Quebec City, with districts, counties, and towns (settler and Indigenous), plus mills, roads and battles[https://digitalarchiveontario.ca/objects/338114/a-new-correct-map-of-the-seat-of-war-in-lower-canada-protrac?idx=28 "New Correct Map of the Seat of War in Lower Canada"] (1814), Toronto Public Library. Accessed 18 April 2025

Absence of 15,000 farming men in military and related services, troop movements and camping impede soil tillage and thus good harvests"To His Royal Highness the Prince Regent; A short time before[....]" Journal of the House of Assembly of Lower-Canada[...]1814, [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_00938_24/160 pg. 162] Accessed 10 April 2025

Troop transport carrying almost 200 soldiers and 21 women and children strikes rock in Gulf of St. Lawrence, leaving 37 survivors (all men)"Loss of the Transport Sovereign," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4269724 November 10, 1814] pg. 3 (1st column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 16 April 2025

Editorial hopes that building Lachine Canal will draw investment from not just merchants and real estate men but "persons of every profession""Canal to Lachine," The Montreal Herald, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4928706 December 3, 1814] pg. 3 (1st column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 17 April 2025

Act to establish post houses is for travellers' accommodation "and for rendering more certain the communication between different parts" of L.C.[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-establish-post-houses-different-parts-province-17th-march-1814 An Act to establish Post-Houses in the different parts of this Province] (March 17, 1814), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 3 April 2025

Following death from bite of "a mad dog," court orders dogs and other animals bitten and running loose to be killed or confined by ownerCourt of Special Sessions of the Peace (District of Quebec), "Order; Of the Magistrates of the City and District of Quebec(....)" (August 5, 1814), Bibliothèque nationale du Québec. Accessed 7 April 2025

"[A frigate is ordered] built at New-York to be propelled by steam. How inventive [is man to use] the powers of nature to the ends of destruction!""Quebec, June 28, 1814; A frigate is ordered to be built[....]," The Quebec Mercury [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/3661075 (June 28, 1814)] pg. 2, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. See also [http://ibiblio.org/anrs/docs/E/E3/dh_1812_v03c02b.pdf inventor Robert Fulton's reluctance] (pg. 642) to recommend steam warships until he sees how well they do. Accessed 14 April 2025.

Varieties of apple tree for sale in Montreal include golden "pipen," Montreal apple, Montreal rennet, Canadian rennet and Canadian nonesuch"The subscriber has for sale[...]" (April 2, 1814), The Montreal Herald, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4928672 April 2, 1814] pg. 3 (4th column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 17 April 2025

Just in from London: "Rich figured, Shot, Twilled, coloured and Black Sarsenets, Black Silk Florentine,[...]Fashionable silk Shawls [etc.]""The subscriber has just received[....]" (June 28, 1814), The Quebec Mercury [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/3661075 (June 28, 1814)] pg. 3 (1st column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 14 April 2025.

Concert in Montreal includes Ignaz Pleyel "Grand Symphony," G.F. Handel song, 2 songs by Thomas Arne, and Joseph Haydn symphony (tickets: 5s)"Mr. Holland's Concert" (March 12, 1813), The Montreal Herald, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4928670 March 19, 1814] pg. 1, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 17 April 2025

U.C. harvests have been abundant; "mixed with the evils of war, we notice a fresh spur to industry [and] an increase of commercial enterprize""York (U. C.) October 15," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4269724 November 10, 1814] pg. 2 (3rd column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 16 April 2025

"Special Commission" at Ancaster finds 15 people guilty of treason on May 23; their punishment's effect will be "putting down the rebellion""York (Upper Canada) 25th July, 1814," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4269701 August 18, 1814] pg. 2 (2nd column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. See also [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/3661076 similar article] (pg. 5, left column bottom) describing rebellion. Accessed 14 April 2025

"When a daring spirit of anarchy and confusion seems to prevail[, it is time to teach] the lessons of obedience and subordination"[https://collections.library.utoronto.ca/view/broadsides:CAP00693 "A Sermon, Preached in the Presbyterian Church in Stamford, Upper Canada, on the 3rd day of June, 1814"] (1892), pg. (3) (image 5). Accessed 8 April 2025

John Strachan urges "Loyal Inhabitants of this Province [to be] neither depressed nor discontented [with war's] privations and distresses"John Strachan, "A Sermon, Preached at York, Upper Canada, on the Third of June, [1814....]," [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.20994/42 pgs. 37–8] Accessed 7 April 2025

Refugee Indigenous people want to move to Grand River, as Burlington area is "almost exhausted," with "every article of food" expensiveLetter (excerpt) from New Purchase, Upper Canada (December 24, 1814), 1814–1817, vol. 06: Periodical accounts relating to the missions of the Church of the United Brethren established among the heathen, [https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns_permorv/id/29527/rec/8 frame 208] Memorial University of Newfoundland. Accessed 18 April 2025

Act declares alien (and thus not allowed land ownership) any U.S.-born person who owns land in U.C. and has returned to U.S.A. during war[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-declare-certain-persona-therein-described-aliens-and-vest-their-estates-his-majesty An Act to declare certain persona therein described Aliens, and to vest their Estates in His Majesty] (March 14, 1814), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 3 April 2025

Act authorizes erection of market in York "where Butcher's Meat, Butter, Eggs, Poultry, Fish, and Vegetables shall be exposed to Sale"[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-empower-commissioners-peace-home-district-their-court-general-quarter-sessions An Act to empower the Commissioners, of the Peace for the Home District, in their Court of General Quarter Sessions assembled, to establish and regulate a Market in and for the Town of York, in the said District] (March 14, 1814), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 3 April 2025

Militia officers are to wear "a Scarlet Jacket with Dark Blue Facings, Yellow Buttons, Gold Lace round the Collar and Cuff [etc.]""Militia General Orders" (June 21, 1814), Kingston Gazette (July 1, 1814), [https://images.ourontario.ca/Partners/kfpl/KFPL000096888p0002f.pdf pg. 2] Kingston Frontenac Public Library. Accessed 17 April 2025

Committee on "the Trade, Agriculture and Fisheries" of N.S. reports 1814 concerns including supplying fish, cattle etc. to West Indies[https://archives.novascotia.ca/africanns/archives/?ID=456 Letter to Assembly from Halifax-based trade committee] (March 19, 1815), Nova Scotia Archives. Accessed 10 April 2025

Proclamation inviting deserters from U.S.A. is intended to encourage enslaved people to seek freedom[https://archives.novascotia.ca/africanns/archives/?ID=70 "Admiral Cochrane's proclamation"] (April 2 1814), Nova Scotia Archives. Accessed 18 April 2025

Newspaper reports arrival in Halifax of "a Transport with a few hundred Negroes (dead and alive)" from Chesapeake Bay[https://archives.novascotia.ca/africanns/archives/?ID=71 "'Ship news': several hundred black refugees arrive at Halifax on 1 September 1814"] Acadian Recorder (September 3, 1814), pg. 3, Nova Scotia Archives. See also [https://archives.novascotia.ca/african-heritage/archives/?ID=163 letter] describing "misery" of some Black families from Virginia and [https://archives.novascotia.ca/african-heritage/archives/?ID=162 letter] with instructions for managing and providing for Black refugees and [https://archives.novascotia.ca/african-heritage/archives/?ID=7 1837 letter] reporting outcome for Blacks brought to Halifax. Accessed 9 April 2025

John Wentworth has land near Antigonish where New England settlers can be safely placed far from U.S. border, among "3,000 loyal Scots and others""Sir John Wentworth to Judge Edward Winslow" (February 9, 1814), [https://ia601305.us.archive.org/12/items/winslowpapersad100raymuoft/winslowpapersad100raymuoft.pdf Winslow Papers; A. D. 1776–1826] (1901), pg. 685–6 (frame 707). Accessed 21 April 2025

Surveyor General office will look into request of Thomas Paul and 10 other Mi'kmaq for land near their "choice" 1,100-acre Shubenacadie site[https://archives.novascotia.ca/africanns/archives/?ID=161 Surveyor General report] on Mi'kmaq request for land (May 18, 1814), Nova Scotia Archives. Accessed 10 April 2025

Baptist minister Edward Manning finds parents irreligious and neglectful of "rising generation," who are profane and ignorant[https://archives.acadiau.ca/node/5890 Edward Manning journals] (October 16, 1814), frame 24, Esther Clark Wright and Atlantic Baptist Archives, Acadia University. Accessed 21 April 2025

Resolutions of charity for Indigenous people include providing housing and husbandry materials, and advice "with respect to their true interest""From the New-Brunswick Courier; North American Indian Institution," The Quebec Mercury [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/3661056 (March 8, 1814)] pg. 6 (middle column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 11 April 2025.

Pres. Thomas Saumarez asks Assembly for grant to buy land for "the oak pack branch of the Melicete tribe," who suffer "want and distress""Message to the House of Assembly" (February 4,, 1814), Journal of the House of Assembly of the province of New Brunswick, [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_00951_23/27 pg. 26] Library and Archives Canada. Accessed 7 April 2025

Act to prevent killing "partridges" during breeding season (March–September) has per-bird penalty of 10s or 2 days in jail[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-preservation-partridges-passed-7th-march-1814 An Act for the preservation of Partridges] (March 7, 1814), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 3 April 2025

Indigenous man asks for meadow lot near reserve, which has no natural grass, so he and family can keep cow; lot taken, but there may be others[https://preserve.lib.unb.ca/wayback/20141205155413/http://contestedterrain.lib.unb.ca/petitions/view/Mercure_Noel_1814_01_transcription "Petition of Noel Mercure, 14 January 1814, Northumberland County. Transcription"] University of New Brunswick Libraries. Accessed 9 April 2025

Young Black man with wife and 3 kids and farming experience, stock and tools seeks grant of 300 acres in Kings County (200 acres allowed)[https://preserve.lib.unb.ca/wayback/20141206021907/http://atlanticportal.hil.unb.ca/acva/blackloyalists/en/petitions/browse/view.php?id=Hodges_Fortune_18014_01&mode=dpl "Memorial of Joseph Guthrie, 7 July 1814, Sussex Vale"] University of New Brunswick Libraries. Accessed 8 April 2025

Agreement for single woman to join family in their house with room, board and washing for £45/year (raised to £55/yr if she moves out)[https://preserve.lib.unb.ca/wayback/20141205161012/http://atlanticportal.hil.unb.ca/acva/loyalistwomen/en/documents/browse/view.php?id=15_141&mode=dpl "Agreement between Edward Miller and Sarah Winslow, 27 April 1814"] University of New Brunswick Libraries. Accessed 8 April 2025

Fredericton military has "a great many[...]stupid married people and a majority of the single ones not very Brilliant," to "damsels" regret[https://preserve.lib.unb.ca/wayback/20141205161012/http://atlanticportal.hil.unb.ca/acva/loyalistwomen/en/documents/browse/view.php?id=39_45&mode=dpl "Letter from Penelope Winslow Jenkins to Edward Winslow, 21 August 1814"] University of New Brunswick Libraries. Accessed 8 April 2025

Penelope Winslow's new husband lost arm in wars, but her "reign as bride has been a brilliant one" with round of dances"Penelope Jenkins to Edward Winslow, Jr." (March 20, 1814), [https://ia601305.us.archive.org/12/items/winslowpapersad100raymuoft/winslowpapersad100raymuoft.pdf Winslow Papers; A. D. 1776–1826] (1901), pg. 687 (frame 709). Accessed 21 April 2025

U.K. – France treaty returns French right to fish Grand Banks and Newfoundland coast; proprietors on formerly French-occupied coast must moveBy His Excellency[...]A Proclamation" (July 30, 1814), The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=18140804&printsec=frontpage (August 4, 1814)] pg. 2 of 4 (righthand page). See also [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4269702 pg. 2] (1st column) opinion that U.K.–France treaty might curb fishing by U.S. "worthless republicans" Accessed 4 April 2025

St. John's townhall agrees "excessive and indiscriminate issue of Notes" is bad, and proposes bank "for the issue of a circulating Medium""St. John's, Newfoundland, 16th July, 1814," The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=18140721&printsec=frontpage (July 21, 1814)] pg. 2 of 2 (righthand page, 3rd column). Accessed 4 April 2025

Oversight of St. John's hospital is weakened by disagreement among physicians, and one result is indulgence of quacks attached to some patients"St. John's, 23d Sept. 1814; Mr. Ryan," The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=18140929&printsec=frontpage (September 29, 1814)] pg. 3 of 3 (righthand page). Accessed 4 April 2025

St. John's doctor will give poor children free inoculation of cowpox virus, "for more than fifteen Years[...]found to [prevent smallpox completely]""Inoculation; With the Cow Pock, Gratis" (April 28, 1814), The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=18140421&printsec=frontpage (April 28, 1814)] pg. 4 of 4 (righthand page, 3rd column). Accessed 4 April 2025

Royal Newfoundland Regiment, home after 9 years, have "proved equally serviceable as Soldiers and Sailors[...]both ashore and on the lakes""The Royal Gazette; Thursday, September 1, 1814; Tuesday arrived[....]," The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=18140811&printsec=frontpage (August 11, 1814)] pg. 2 of 2 (righthand page). See also [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=18141222&printsec=frontpage lengthy profile] (pg. 2 of 2, lefthand pg., 2nd column) of Newfoundland Regiment's service since beginning of war. Accessed 4 April 2025

Second mate and 12 crew members jump overboard to evade warship's press gang; mate drowns and crew are saved "in a very weak condition""The Royal Gazette; Thursday, August 11, 1814; Thursday last[....]," The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=18140811&printsec=frontpage (August 11, 1814)] pg. 2 of 2 (righthand page). Accessed 4 April 2025

With seal hunt providing too little sustenance, Moravian missionary says Labrador Inuit should copy settlers and fish for codLetter from Nain (August 24, 1814), 1814–1817, vol. 06: Periodical accounts relating to the missions of the Church of the United Brethren established among the heathen, [https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns_permorv/id/29379/rec/8 frame 59] Memorial University of Newfoundland. Accessed 18 April 2025

News comes of "massacre" at Fort Nelson of Alexander Henry (who actually drowned later in 1814) and others; writer cites desperation of killers[https://digital.library.mcgill.ca/nwc/data/Mftp/0033/5_tei2web/Pg113.html Letter to Roderick Mackenzie] (January 15, 1814), Page #133 of 130), McGill University. Accessed 18 April 2025

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Category:1814 in North America