1956 in spaceflight

The primary sounding rocket of the United States for 1956 was the Aerobee in a variety of models. Launched mostly (but not exclusively) from sites in New Mexico, missions were conducted by a myriad of agencies, both military and civilian, to probe and return information about the upper atmosphere. The University of Michigan utilized the Nike-Cajun sounding rocket, launched from the {{USS|Rushmore|LSD-14|6}} in the Labrador Sea, to conduct aeronomy research. The Air Force launched its X-17 rocket a number of times, mostly testing reentry vehicles for ballistic missile use.

The year saw the completion of the second series of Soviet suborbital flights with dogs as payloads. After the completion of the nine-launch series, conducted with variations of the R-1 rocket, the results were published as "Vital Activity of Animals during Rocket Flights into the Upper Atmosphere" in December 1956 at an international conference in Paris. These flights made it clear that advanced animals could survive the rigors of space launch, reentry, and weightlessness. They also tested spacesuits, parachute recovery of space travelers, and radio telemetry.{{cite book|title=Russian Space Probes: Scientific Discoveries and Future Missions|author1=Brian Harvey|author2=Olga Zakutnyaya|date=2011|publisher=Springer Praxis Books|location=Chichester,UK|oclc=1316077842}}{{rp|21}}

Also completed this year was the second series of Academik flights, which involved 18 sounding rocket launches between 1953 and 1956. These missions returned scientific data on cosmic rays, the atmosphere, the content and temperature of the ionosphere as well as information useful to engineers: winds, temperature, pressure and radio wave propagation at high altitudes.{{rp|15,19}}

Organized by the Italian rocket society under the auspices of the International Astronautical Federation, it was held 17-22 September{{cite web|url=https://dl.iafastro.directory/search/?q=event:IAC-1956|publisher=The International Astronautical Federation Digital Library|title=Advanced Search (event:IAC-1956)|access-date=17 April 2025}} at the Palazzo dei Congressi, {{cvt|15|km}} from Rome. 400 delegates from astronautical societies and research institutes, as well as representatives of (mostly American) large industrial interests attended. The first day of the conference and a quarter of the 45 papers read before the conference were directly related to artificial Earth satellites.{{cite book|title=Soviet Space Science|author=Ari Shternfeld|publisher=Basic Books, Inc.|location=New York|date=1959|oclc=850740}}{{rp|451}}

File:Vanguard rocket-04.jpg

Work continued apace on Project Vanguard, the civilian satellite project initiated in fall 1955. Vanguard consisted of a tiny satellite and a rocket launcher, the latter comprising a Viking (rocket) first stage mated with two smaller rocket stages. Starting in 1956, John T. Mengel and his Naval Research Laboratory Tracking and Guiding Branch began designing the Minitrack system, a worldwide network of stations that would receive data on 108 MHz broadcast by Vanguard's tiny transmitter. In April 1946, work began on a global optical tracking network as well, whose task would be to locate the satellite in the sky so that Minitrack could maintain continuous tracking. In addition to twelve observation stations around the world, amateurs were also recruited to assist. While it would have been logistically useful to have Minitrack and optical stations at the same site, the two types of stations had different requirements--the radio stations requiring flat ground away from interference, and the visual stations needing clear skies. In the end, only Woomera in Australia had a combined tracking station.{{cite book|title=Vanguard – a History|author=Constance Green and Milton Lomask|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration| location=Washington D.C.|date=1970|id=SP-4202|isbn=978-1-97353-209-5|oclc=747307569|url=https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4202/begin.html}}{{rp|146-150|}}

The first Vanguard test flight took place in the early morning of 8 December 1956 and involved the launch of an unmodified Viking rocket (#13). The purpose of Vanguard TV-0 was to familiarize the Vanguard team with launch operations, and to test the range safety and tracking systems at Cape Canaveral's Air Force Missile Test Center (AFMTC). TV-0 reached an altitude of {{cvt|126.5|mi}} and a range of {{cvt|97.6|mi}}. 120 seconds into the flight, the rocket ejected a small sphere equipped with a Minitrack transmitter. Its broadcasts were picked up without difficulty by AFMTC's tracking stations before the little device hit the Atlantic Ocean. A post-flight evaluation conducted mid-December determined that the rocket's performance had been "either satisfactory or superior", that rocket-borne instrumentation and telemetry had been "excellent", and that ground coverage of the instrumentation had been "adequate". This successful flight paved the way for Vanguard's first multi-stage launch, scheduled for the following year.{{rp|170-176|}}

In 1956, the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) continued trying to gain support of Project Orbiter, an Army plan to use a slightly modified Redstone (a {{convert|200|miles}} range surface-to-surface missile developed the prior year){{cite web|url=https://history.redstone.army.mil/ihist-1953.html|title=Installation History 1953 – 1955|publisher=U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Life Cycle Management Command|date=2017|access-date=1 February 2021}} combined with upper stages employing 31 Loki solid-propellant rockets to put a {{cvt|5|lb}} satellite into orbit, which could be tracked optically. Though Orbiter had been officially rejected the year before in favor of Vanguard, ABMA hoped Redstone-Orbiter could still be used as a backup orbital system. Reentry tests that year conducted with the newly developed, Redstone-based Jupiter-C, further strengthened ABMA confidence in their vehicle as an orbital launcher. Though Orbiter remained unapproved, late in the year the Army did authorize production and firing of 12 Jupiter-Cs for nosecone reentry tests. This set the stage for the Jupiter-C to be the de facto backup in the event of Vanguard's failure.{{rp|74,199-200}}

Development of an ICBM was given paramount importance by the United States government on the heels of a secret report made in February 1955 by James Rhyne Killian to the National Security Council on Soviet rocket progress. Not only was the {{cvt|5500|km}}-range Atlas, America's first ICBM, made the highest-priority project in the nation, but Titan, a more capable ICBM, was authorized for development as well.{{cite book|title=TRW: Pioneering Technology and Innovation since 1900|author=Davis Dyer|publisher=Harvard Business School Press|location=Boston, MA|date=1998|pages=191-193|oclc=1064465832}} By late 1956, the Convair-produced Atlas was being configured for launch operations. On 10 October 1956, a non-flying Atlas arrived at Cape Canaveral in Florida, where it was checked for compatibility with the Cape's existing launch facilities. Test flights of the first "Series A" run of missiles would begin in 1957.{{cite book|title=Atlas The Story of a Missile|author=John L. Chapman|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|date=1960|pages=6,119-120|oclc=492591218}}

With development of the Atlas expected to take some time, the Thor Intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM), with a range of {{cvt|2500|km}}, had been authorized in 1955 to be developed and deployed in Europe in just three years. The Douglas-produced Thor, the first missile to use inertial guidance, had its basic configuration and size frozen in January 1956. Engine testing began in March 1956 with the first engine delivered by Rocketdyne in August, by which time the inertial guidance system was finished as well. The same month, warhead data was provided to General Electric, which had been contracted to produce the missile's nose cone. The size of the nose cone was fixed in September. Test launches of the completed missile would take place in 1957.

The US Army’s Wernher von Braun-led Guided Missile Development Division team, that had recently developed the Redstone, was working on its own IRBM, dubbed Jupiter in April 1956. United States Secretary of Defense Charles Wilson authorized this missile in September 1955, to be jointly developed by the Army and the US Navy. The PGM-19 Jupiter would have the same range as the Thor, and it was planned to be deployed by 1961.{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229181314/http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/jupiter1.html|title=KING OF GODS: The Jupiter Missile Story|author=Ed Kyle|work=Space Launch Report|date=4 August 2011|access-date=5 November 2022}}

All of these missiles were ultimately adapted into orbital delivery rockets.{{cite book|title= America's Space Vehicles A pictorial review|author=Will Eisner|publisher=Oak Tree Press, Ltd.|location=London|date=1962|oclc=916575496}}{{rp|131–137}}

File:Semyorka 8K71.svg

Full scale tests of the RD-108 rocket engines that would power the R-7 Semyorka, the Soviet Union's first ICBM, began in January 1956. That same month,{{cite book|url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4408pt1.pdf|title=Challenge to Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945-1974|author=Asif A. Siddiqi|publisher=NASA|location=Washington D.C.|oclc=1001823253|access-date=21 February 2021|archive-date=16 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916023444/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4408pt1.pdf|url-status=live}}{{rp|137-138}} work began in earnest on "Site 1", the launch pad at Ministry of Defense Scientific-Research and Test Firing Range No.5 (NIIP-5), located in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (now Kazakhstan) near the Syr-Darya river.{{cite book|author=Boris Chertok|title=Rockets and People, Volume II: Creating a Rocket Industry|publisher=NASA|location=Washington D.C.|date=June 2006|oclc=946818748}}{{rp|308}} Completed by the end of May, the platform measured {{cvt|250|m}} by {{cvt|100|m}} by {{cvt|45|m}}. An exact duplicate was set up for testing and validation purposes in Leningrad, and a full-scale test version of the R-7 was subjected to wind tests thereon. On 5 October, workers finished the road connecting Site 1 and the living settlement at Site 10, nicknamed Zarya.{{rp|136-137}}

On 2 February 1956, an R-5M Medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) was the first rocket to fly carrying a live nuclear warhead.{{cite web |author=Asif Siddiqi |title=R-5 Launches 1953-1959 |url=http://sdfo.org/stl/R-5%20Launches%201953-1959.docx |access-date=3 November 2021 |date=2021 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202195251/https://sdfo.org/stl/R-5%20Launches%201953-1959.docx |url-status=live }} In May and June 1956, three R-5R missiles—R-5Ms with their nuclear payloads replaced with radio control instrument packages—were the first Soviet missiles to be launched with radio guidance. The ground stations developed to control these missiles served as prototypes for those being built to support R-7 operations. A series of ten launches of another R5 variant, the M-5RD, tested other R-7 components including guidance, stabilization, and propellant feed. All of these launches were successful.{{rp|138}}

On 30 January 1956, the Soviet government approved Resolution #149-88, authorizing "Object D". This was a satellite massing {{cvt|1000|kg}} to {{cvt|1400|kg}}, about a fourth of which would be devoted to scientific instruments. This proposal, created in 1955 by engineer Mikhail Tikhonravov, had been endorsed by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev upon learning that Object D would outmass the announced American satellite by nearly 1,000 times. Work on the project began in February 1956 with a planned launch date of latter 1957. The design was finalized on 24 July.{{rp|25}}

By the 1956, it had become clear that the complicated Object D would not be finished in time for a 1957 launch. Thus, in December 1956, OKB-1 head Sergei Korolev proposed the development of two simpler satellites: PS, Prosteishy Sputnik, or Preliminary Satellite. The two PS satellites would be simple spheres massing {{cvt|83.4|kg}} and equipped solely with a radio antenna. The project was approved by the government on 25 January 1957.{{rp|27}}

In 1955, Japan developed its first experimental rocket, the {{cvt|23|cm}} long Pencil.{{cite web|url=https://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/japan_s_history/brief.shtml|title=Brief History|website=History of Japanese Space Research|publisher=Institute of Space and Astronautical Science|access-date=17 April 2025}} With an eye toward developing a sounding rocket that could meet the {{cvt|60|km}} to {{cvt|100|km}} minimum altitude requirement for the IGY, the Japanese began development of the Kappa series of rockets, the last of which would fulfill the IGY height limit. Kappa 1, first in this series, 128 mm in diameter and with an initial acceleration of 25 gees,{{cite web|url=https://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/japan_s_history/detail/kappa.shtml|title=Under the Limelight ---- The Kappa Era|website=History of Japanese Space Research|publisher=Institute of Space and Astronautical Science|access-date=17 April 2025}} was launched seven times in 1956.{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/k/kappa1.html|title=Kappa 1|author=Mark Wade|website=astronautix.com|access-date=17 April 2025}}

Under the aegis of Canada's Defense Research Board, the United States Army built the Churchill Rocket Research Range {{cvt|24|km}} east of Churchill, Manitoba. Due to its proximity to the north magnetic pole, it offered an excellent vantage from which to explore auroral activity. Sounding rocket launches began in October 1956, and the facility would become the nation's premier upper atmosphere research center.{{cite web|url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=115|title=Churchill Rocket Research Range National Historic Site of Canada|access-date=17 April 2025}}

{{TOC limit|2}}

{{clear}}

{{TLS-L|alignment=right|fixed=on}}

{{TOC limit|2}}

{{clear}}

{{TLS-M|1956}}

{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|January launches}}}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 11 January

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5M

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 11 January

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 17 January

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5M

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 17 January

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 20 January

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|132|km}}{{cite web |last=Wade |first=Mark |title=X-17 |url=http://www.astronautix.com/x/x-17.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228020233/http://astronautix.com/x/x-17.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 December 2016 |access-date=6 November 2021}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Test flight

|d-date = 20 January

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 21 January

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 21 January

|outcome = Successful{{cite web |last=Wade |first=Mark |title=R-1 8A11 |url=http://www.astronautix.com/r/r-18a11.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228003429/http://astronautix.com/r/r-18a11.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 December 2016 |access-date=6 November 2021}}

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 21 January

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5M

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 21 January

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 24 January

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 24 January

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 24 January

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 24 January

|outcome = Launch failure

}}

}}

|}

{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|February launches}}}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 2 February

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5M

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks = First launch of a missile carrying a live nuclear warhead

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|name = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Baykal

|user = MVS

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Nuclear weapon test

|d-date = 2 February

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 6 February

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5M

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 6 February

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 13 February

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 13 February

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 14 February

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 14 February

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 16 February

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5RD

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks = Maiden flight of the R-5RD (or M5RD)

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = MVS

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = R-7 component test

|d-date = 16 February

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 17 February

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-2

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 17 February

|outcome = Successful{{cite web |last=Wade |first=Mark |title=R-2 |url=http://www.astronautix.com/r/r-2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820191943/http://www.astronautix.com/r/r-2.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 August 2016 |access-date=6 November 2021}}

}}

}}

|}

{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|March launches}}}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 5 March

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|116|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Test flight

|d-date = 5 March

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 7 March

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5RD

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = MVS

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = R-7 component test

|d-date = 7 March

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 9 March

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-2

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 9 March

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 12 March |time = 21:15

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a

|flight = USAF 62

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|95|km}}{{cite book |author=Charles P. Smith Jr. |date=April 1958 |title=Naval Research Laboratory Report No. 4276: Upper Atmosphere Research Report No. XXI, Summary of Upper Atmosphere Rocket Research Firings |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADB957191 |format=pdf |location=Washington D.C. |publisher=Naval Research Laboratory |access-date=11 December 2022 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202195019/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADB957191 |url-status=live }}{{rp|166–167}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = AFCRC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Ionospheric

|d-date = 12 March

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 14 March |time = 08:45

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a

|flight = USAF 63

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|106|km}}{{rp|168–169}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = AFCRC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Ionospheric / Aeronomy

|d-date = 14 March

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 15 March

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5RD

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = MVS

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = R-7 component test

|d-date = 15 March

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 17 March

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5RD

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = MVS

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = R-7 component test

|d-date = 17 March

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 23 March

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5RD

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = MVS

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = R-7 component test

|d-date = 23 March

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 28 March

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 28 March

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

|}

{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|April launches}}}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 9 April

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}HJ-Nike

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Wallops Island

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}NACA

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|10|km}}{{cite web |last=Wade |first=Mark |title=HJ Nike |url=http://www.astronautix.com/h/hjnike.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227230027/http://astronautix.com/h/hjnike.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 December 2016 |access-date=6 November 2021}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NACA

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Test flight

|d-date = 9 April

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 12 April |time = 02:05

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a

|flight = USAF 64

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|106|km}}{{rp|170–171}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Sodium Release 3

|user = AFCRC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Ionospheric / Aeronomy

|d-date = 12 April

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 16 April

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 16 April

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 17 April

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|100|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 17 April

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 29 April

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-2

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 29 April

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

|}

{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|May launches}}}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 1 May |time = 22:05

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee Hi

|flight = NRL 39

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|4|km}}, Navy variant designation: RV-N-13a{{cite web |last1=McDowell |first1=Jonathan C. |title=General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects, Launches, Aerobee |url=https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/data/launch/AerobeeB.html |website=Jonathan's Space Report |access-date=14 December 2022 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202195027/https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/data/launch/AerobeeB.html |url-status=live }}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Test flight

|d-date = 1 May

|outcome = Launch failure

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 8 May

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1UK

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Project T-3

|d-date = 8 May

|outcome = Successful{{cite web |last=Wade |first=Mark |title=R-1UK |url=http://www.astronautix.com/r/r-1uk.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227195014/http://astronautix.com/r/r-1uk.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 December 2016 |access-date=7 November 2021}}

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 8 May

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-2

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 8 May

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 8 May |time = 14:54

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee AJ10-34

|flight = USAF 65

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|143|km}}, maiden flight of the Aerobee AJ10-34;{{rp|172–173}} at apogee, several photographs were taken of the Sun in Lyman-alpha (1215 angstroms) wavelength using lithium fluoride optics. The low resolution pictures revealed "considerably enhanced Lyman a radiation in the active spot and plage areas on the sun at the time of the flight." A spectrogram of the Sun was also taken.{{cite journal|url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1957AJ.....62...30R|title=Solar Lyman α radiation|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|date=February 1957|volume=62|page=30|author=Rense, Win. A.|doi=10.1086/107448 |bibcode=1957AJ.....62...30R |access-date=16 April 2025}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = AFCRC / University of Colorado

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Solar UV

|d-date = 8 May

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 8 May |time = 15:15

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee Hi

|flight = NRL 42

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|188|km}}, Navy variant designation: RV-N-13a

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Test flight

|d-date = 8 May

|outcome = Launch failure

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 10 May

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1UK

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Project T-3

|d-date = 10 May

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 14 May

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1E

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks = Carried dogs, all recovered{{cite web |last=Wade |first=Mark |title=R-1E |url=http://www.astronautix.com/r/r-1e.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228020148/http://astronautix.com/r/r-1e.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 December 2016 |access-date=7 November 2021}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Biological

|d-date = 14 May

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 16 May

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1UK

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Project T-3

|d-date = 16 May

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 16 May |time = 15:40

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee Hi

|flight = USAF 66

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|169|km}}{{rp|174–175}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = AFCRC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Test flight

|d-date = 16 May

|outcome = Launch failure

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 31 May |time = 02:57

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1E

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks = Carried dogs Malyshka and Linda,{{cite book|title=Russian Space Probes: Scientific Discoveries and Future Missions|author1=Brian Harvey|author2=Olga Zakutnyaya|date=2011|publisher=Springer Praxis Books|location=Chichester,UK|oclc=1316077842}}{{rp|23}} all recovered

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Biological / Solar UV

|d-date = 31 May

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 31 May

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5R

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks = Maiden flight of the R-5R

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = MVS

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Radio guidance test

|d-date = 31 May

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

|}

{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|June launches}}}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 4 June |time = 14:13

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee Hi

|flight = NRL 46

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|58|km}}, Navy variant designation: RV-N-13a

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Solar UV

|d-date = 4 June

|outcome = Launch failure

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 6 June

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1UK

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Project T-3

|d-date = 6 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 7 June

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1E

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks = carried dogs Albina and Kozyavka{{rp|23}} on final(?) flight of the R-1E; dogs recovered{{cite web |last=Wade |first=Mark |title=R-1E (A-1) |url=http://www.astronautix.com/r/r-1ea-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227201122/http://astronautix.com/r/r-1ea-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 December 2016 |access-date=7 November 2021}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Biological

|d-date = 7 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 7 June

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5R

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = MVS

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Radio guidance test

|d-date = 7 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 7 June

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Nike-Nike-T40-T55

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Wallops Island

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}NACA

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|100|km}}, final flight of the Nike-Nike-T40-T55{{cite web |last=Wade |first=Mark |title=Nike Nike T40 T55 |url=http://www.astronautix.com/n/nikeniket40t55.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228053029/http://astronautix.com/n/nikeniket40t55.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 December 2016 |access-date=7 November 2021}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NACA

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 7 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 8 June

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1UK

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Project T-3

|d-date = 8 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 12 June

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1UK

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Project T-3

|d-date = 12 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 12 June

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1UK

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Project T-3

|d-date = 12 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 13 June |time = 20:51

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee AJ10-34

|flight = USAF 67

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|137.8|km}}{{rp|176–177}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = AFCRC / University of Utah

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Ionospheric

|d-date = 13 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 14 June

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1E

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks = carried dogs Albina and Kozyavka{{rp|23}} on final(?) flight of the R-1E (flight not listed on Mark Wade's site—see reference)

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Biological

|d-date = 14 June

|outcome = Unknown

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 15 June

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5R

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks = Final flight of the R-5R

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = MVS

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Radio guidance test

|d-date = 15 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 18 June

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1UK

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Project T-3

|d-date = 18 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 18 June |time = 20:42

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee AJ10-34

|flight = USAF 68

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|137|km}}{{rp|178–179}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = AFCRC / University of Utah

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Ionospheric

|d-date = 18 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 20 June

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1UK

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Project T-3

|d-date = 20 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 21 June

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1UK

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks = Final flight of the R-1UK

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Project T-3

|d-date = 21 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 21 June |time = 18:48

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee AJ10-34

|flight = USAF 69

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|146|km}}{{rp|180–181}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = AFCRC / University of Utah

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Ionospheric

|d-date = 21 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 22 June |time = 19:42

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-10

|flight = NRL 22

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|5|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Ionospheric

|d-date = 22 June

|outcome = Launch failure

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 26 June

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|140|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Test flight

|d-date = 26 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 26 June |time = 18:26

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee AJ10-34

|flight = USAF 70

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|111|km}}{{rp|182–183}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = AFCRC / University of Utah

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Ionospheric

|d-date = 26 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 29 June |time = 19:09

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee Hi

|flight = NRL 50

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|263.7|km}}, Navy variant designation: RV-N-13b (Rocket #50); measured electron densities in the ionosphere by sending radio signals on two frequencies (7.75 and 46.5 Mhz) and determining how their Doppler shift was affected by the refractive index of the material near the rocket.{{cite journal|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/JZ061i004p00749|title=Ionosphere electron-density measurements with the Navy Aerobee-Hi rocket|author1=Jackson, J. E.|author2=Kane, J. A.|author3=Seddon, J. C.|journal=The Journal of Geophysical Science|date=December 1956|volume=61|issue=4|pages=749–751 |doi=10.1029/JZ061i004p00749 |bibcode=1956JGR....61..749J |access-date=16 April 2025|url-access=subscription}} The results confirmed "the general structure of the daytime ionosphere above White Sands as deduced from previous NRL flights": that "the ionosphere remains dense between the E and F2 regions, with only minor valleys in the electron-density profiles."{{cite journal|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/JZ063i001p00197|title=Ionosphere Electron-Density Measurements with the Navy Aerobee-Hi Rocket|author1=Jackson, J. E.|author2=Seddon, J. C.|journal=The Journal of Geophysical Science|date=March 1958|volume=63|issue=1|pages=197–208 |doi=10.1029/JZ063i001p00197 |bibcode=1958JGR....63..197J |access-date=17 April 2025|url-access=subscription}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Ionospheric

|d-date = 29 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 30 June

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 30 June

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

|}

{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|July launches}}}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 5 July |time = 07:52

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-N-10c

|flight = NRL 33

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|162|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Airglow / Aeronomy

|d-date = 5 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 6 July |time = 18:00

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Nike-Cajun

|flight = AM6.01

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Wallops Island

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}NACA

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|129|km}}, maiden flight of the Nike-Cajun{{cite web |last=Wade |first=Mark |title=Nike Cajun |url=http://www.astronautix.com/n/nikecajun.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227213545/http://astronautix.com/n/nikecajun.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 December 2016 |access-date=8 November 2021}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NACA / University of Michigan

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 6 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 12 July

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-2

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 12 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 17 July

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|142|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 17 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 17 July |time = 15:40

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon

|flight = NN5.27

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}{{USS|Colonial|LSD-18|6}}, Pacific Ocean, southwest of San Diego

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|120|km}}{{cite web |last=Wade |first=Mark |title=Deacon Rockoon |url=http://www.astronautix.com/d/deaconrockoon.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228054352/http://astronautix.com/d/deaconrockoon.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 December 2016 |access-date=9 November 2021}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Solar UV / X-ray

|d-date = 17 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 18 July |time = 15:46

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon

|flight = NN5.28

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Colonial, Pacific Ocean, southwest of San Diego

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|120|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Solar UV / X-ray

|d-date = 18 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 19 July |time = 15:21

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon

|flight = NN5.29

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Colonial, Pacific Ocean, southwest of San Diego

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|120|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Solar UV / X-ray

|d-date = 19 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 20 July

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 20 July

|outcome = Launch failure

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 20 July

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5RD

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = MVS

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = R-7 component test

|d-date = 20 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 20 July |time = 19:15

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon

|flight = NN5.30

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Colonial, Pacific Ocean, southwest of San Diego

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|120|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Solar UV / X-ray

|d-date = 20 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 21 July |time = 17:18

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon

|flight = NN5.31

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Colonial, Pacific Ocean, southwest of San Diego

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|11|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 21 July

|outcome = Launch failure

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 22 July |time = 17:57

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon

|flight = NN5.32

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Colonial, Pacific Ocean, southwest of San Diego

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|120|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Solar UV / X-ray

|d-date = 22 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 24 July

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 24 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 24 July

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Nike-Cajun

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Wallops Island

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|112|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}HUGO

|user = US Navy

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Hurricane Photography / Aeronomy

|d-date = 24 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 24 July |time = 14:07

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon

|flight = NN5.33

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Colonial, Pacific Ocean, southwest of San Diego

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|11|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Solar UV / X-ray

|d-date = 24 July

|outcome = Launch failure

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 25 July |time = 15:15

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon

|flight = NN5.34

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Colonial, Pacific Ocean, southwest of San Diego

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|120|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Solar UV / X-ray

|d-date = 25 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 26 July

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 26 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 26 July |time = 15:28

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon

|flight = NN5.35

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Colonial, Pacific Ocean, southwest of San Diego

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|120|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Solar UV / X-ray

|d-date = 26 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 27 July

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|0|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 27 July

|outcome = Launch failure

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 27 July |time = 15:30

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Deacon Rockoon

|flight = NN5.36

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Colonial, Pacific Ocean, southwest of San Diego

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|120|km}}, final flight of the Deacon rockoon

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Solar UV / X-ray

|d-date = 27 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 28 July

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 28 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 28 July

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-2

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 28 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 28 July

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-2

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 28 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 31 July |time = 00:56

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee AJ10-34

|flight = USAF 71

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|129|km}}{{rp|184–185}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = AFCRC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Airglow

|d-date = 31 July

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

|}

{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|August launches}}}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 3 August |time = 12:56

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a

|flight = USAF 72

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|2.4|km}}, fail safe cutoff at 4.6 seconds{{rp|186–187}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = AFCRC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Solar UV

|d-date = 3 August

|outcome = Launch failure

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 7 August

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5RD

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = MVS

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = R-7 component test

|d-date = 7 August

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 8 August |time = 22:00

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Nike-Cajun

|flight = AM6.30

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|100|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = University of Michigan

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 8 August

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 9 August |time = 15:53

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-1

|flight = SC 34

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|85.5|km}}; carried three bottles for sampling air at apogee: two leaked, one recovered and analyzed.{{rp|255–256}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = SCEL / University of Michigan

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 9 August

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 9 August |time = 22:47

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Nike-Cajun

|flight = OB6.00

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|164|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = BRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 9 August

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 10 August

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5RD

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = MVS

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = R-7 component test

|d-date = 10 August

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 10 August |time = 15:22

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee XASR-SC-1

|flight = SC 35

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}White Sands LC-35

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|85.9|km}}, final flight of the Aerobee XASR-SC-1{{rp|257–258}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = SCEL / University of Michigan

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 10 August

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 18 August

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|0|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 18 August

|outcome = Launch failure

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 23 August

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|142|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC / NACA

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 23 August

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 25 August

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5M

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 25 August

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 28 August

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|100|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 28 August

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

|}

{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|September launches}}}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 8 September

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|394|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 8 September

|outcome = Launch failure

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 16 September

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5M

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 16 September

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 19 September

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5M

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 19 September

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 20 September | time = 06:45

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Jupiter-C

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-5

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}ABMA

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|1094|km}}, maiden flight of the Jupiter-C, carried a {{convert|39.2|kg}} payload in a three-stage configuration{{cite web |title=Explorer-I and Jupiter-C |url=https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/sputnik/expinfo.html |website=nasa.gov |publisher=Department of Astronautics, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution |access-date=10 November 2021 |archive-date=23 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623212528/https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/sputnik/expinfo.html |url-status=live }}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ABMA

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 20 September

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 21 September

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Terrapin

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Wallops Island

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}NACA / NSA

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|16|km}}, maiden flight of the Terrapin{{cite web |last=Wade |first=Mark |title=Terrapin |url=http://www.astronautix.com/t/terrapin.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228043221/http://astronautix.com/t/terrapin.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 December 2016 |access-date=10 November 2021}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = University of Maryland

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Test flight

|d-date = 21 September

|outcome = Launch failure

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 21 September

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Terrapin

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Wallops Island

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}NACA / NSA

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|120|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = University of Maryland

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Test flight

|d-date = 21 September

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 25 September

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5RD

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = MVS

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = R-7 component test

|d-date = 25 September

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 26 September

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5RD

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks = Final flight of the R-5RD

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = MVS

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = R-7 component test

|d-date = 26 September

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 29 September

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-2

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 29 September

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

|}

{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|October launches}}}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 1 October

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|145|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 1 October

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 5 October

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|117|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 5 October

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 11 October

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}HJ-Nike

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Wallops Island

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}NACA

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|70|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NACA

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 11 October

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 13 October

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|102|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 13 October

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 18 October

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|155|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 18 October

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 20 October |time = 22:01

|flight = AM6.31

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Nike-Cajun

|site = {{flagicon|CAN|1921}}Churchill

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|113|km}}, first spaceflight launched from Canadian soil

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = University of Michigan

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 20 October

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 23 October |time = 08:40

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee AJ10-34

|flight = AM2.21

|site = {{flagicon|CAN|1921}}Churchill

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|145|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = SCEL / University of Michigan

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 23 October

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 24 October

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 24 October

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 25 October

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 25 October

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 25 October

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-2

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 25 October

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 25 October

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-2

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 25 October

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 26 October

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 26 October

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 25 October

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|124|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 25 October

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 27 October |time = 21:24

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Nike-Cajun

|flight = AM6.08

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}{{USS|Rushmore|LSD-14|6}}, Atlantic Ocean, near New York City

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force / US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|161|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = University of Michigan

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 27 October

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

|}

{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|November launches}}}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 1 November |time = 12:57

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee AJ10-34

|flight = USAF 73

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|66|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = AFCRC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 1 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 2 November |time = 05:39

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee AJ10-34

|flight = USAF 74

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|146|km}}; Three minutes into flight, starting at {{cvt|60|km}} and ending at {{cvt|140|km}} altitude, {{cvt|2|kg}} of sodium metal were ejected in vapor form. At {{cvt|60|km}}, a yellow glow was easily visible, and a dim persistent trail was photographed. Photometric measurements and simultaneous two-site photograph with Super-Schmidt cameras measured the intensity of the emission all along the {{cvt|80|km}} of emission.{{cite journal|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/JZ062i001p00170|title=Emission from sodium vapor ejected into the Earth's atmosphere at night|author1=John F. Bedinger|author2=Edward Manring|volume=62|issue=1|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|date=March 1957|pages=170–171 |doi=10.1029/JZ062i001p00170 |bibcode=1957JGR....62..170B |access-date=16 April 2025|url-access=subscription}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Sodium Release 4

|user = AFCRC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 2 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 2 November |time = 18:40

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Nike-Cajun

|flight = AM6.09

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}{{USS|Rushmore|LSD-14|6}}, Atlantic Ocean, east of Newfoundland

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force / US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|131|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = University of Michigan

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 2 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 3 November

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-2

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 3 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 3 November

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5M

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 3 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 4 November |time = 18:54

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Nike-Cajun

|flight = AM6.10

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Rushmore, Labrador Sea

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force / US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|162|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = University of Michigan

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 4 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 5 November

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|118|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 5 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 5 November |time = 07:50

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee Hi

|flight = NRL 45

|site = {{flagicon|CAN|1921}}Churchill

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Navy variant designation: RV-N-13b; Altitude not reported, possible failure

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Auroral

|d-date = 5 November

|outcome = Unknown

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 7 November |time = 15:02

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Nike-Cajun

|flight = AM6.11

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Rushmore, Davis Strait

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force / US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|169|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = University of Michigan

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 7 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 10 November |time = 15:17

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Nike-Cajun

|flight = AM6.12

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}USS Rushmore, Davis Strait

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force / US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|161|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = University of Michigan

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 10 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 12 November

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 12 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 12 November |time = 11:47

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee RTV-A-1a

|flight = SM1.01

|site = {{flagicon|CAN|1921}}Churchill

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Army

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|67|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Grenades

|user = SCEL / University of Michigan

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy

|d-date = 12 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 13 November

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5M

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 13 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 15 November |time = 19:32

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee Hi

|flight = NRL 47

|site = {{flagicon|CAN|1921}}Churchill

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|129|km}}, Navy variant designation: RV-N-13b

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Ionospheric

|d-date = 15 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 16 November

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5M

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 16 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 16 November

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|107|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 16 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 17 November |time = 16:48

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee Hi

|flight = NRL 43

|site = {{flagicon|CAN|1921}}Churchill

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|209|km}}, Navy variant designation: RV-N-13b

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Aeronomy / Solar UV / Solar X-Ray

|d-date = 17 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 21 November |time = 05:21

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee Hi

|flight = NRL 48

|site = {{flagicon|CAN|1921}}Churchill

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|251|km}}, Navy variant designation: RV-N-13c; equipped with a Bennett radio-frequency ion-mass spectrometer, launched "at night, into an overcast which prevented observations of the overhead sky", succeeded by flights carrying identical instruments in February and March 1958.{{cite journal|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/JZ063i002p00443|title=Ion composition of the arctic ionosphere|author1=Charles Y. Johnson|author2=Edith B. Meadows|author3=Julian C. Holmes|journal=The Journal of Geophysical Science|date=June 1958|access-date=17 April 2025|volume=63|issue=2|pages=443–444 |doi=10.1029/JZ063i002p00443 |bibcode=1958JGR....63..443J |url-access=subscription}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Ionospheric / Auroral

|d-date = 21 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 23 November

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|143|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 23 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 24 November

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5M

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks = First R-5 to launch as an anti-ballistic missile target for the V-1000 system{{cite web |last=Wade |first=Mark |title=R-5 |url=http://www.astronautix.com/r/r-5.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820192143/http://www.astronautix.com/r/r-5.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 August 2016 |access-date=16 November 2021}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = ABM target

|d-date = 24 November

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

|}

{{TLS-H2|no-cubesat=yes|date-width=15em|caption={{sronly|December launches}}}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 3 December

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|125|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 3 December

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 6 December

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 6 December

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 6 December

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5M

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Missile test

|d-date = 6 December

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 7 December

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Nike-Cajun

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Wallops Island

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}NACA

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|30|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = NACA

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 7 December

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 8 December | time = 06:03

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Viking (second model)

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-18A

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Navy

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|203.6|km}}, first Project Vanguard test flight using a single-stage Viking (No. 13){{cite web |title=Vanguard, A History – Early Test Firings |url=https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/sputnik/chap10.html |website=nasa.gov |publisher=NASA History Division |access-date=17 November 2021 |archive-date=24 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224011445/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/sputnik/chap10.html |url-status=live }}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|name = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Vanguard TV-0

|user = NRL

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Test flight

|d-date = 8 December

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 11 December

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}X-17

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Cape Canaveral LC-3

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|144|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = ARDC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = REV test

|d-date = 11 December

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 12 December

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}R-5M

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = OKB-1

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = ABM target

|d-date = 12 December

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 13 December |time = 21:44

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Aerobee Hi

|flight = USAF 75

|site = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}Holloman LC-A

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA|1912}}US Air Force

|remarks = Apogee: {{convert|193|km}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = AFCRC

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Test flight

|d-date = 13 December

|outcome = Successful

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL

|date = 20 December

|rocket = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}A-1

|site = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Kapustin Yar

|LSP = {{flagicon|USSR|1955}}OKB-1

|remarks =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|user = MVS

|orbit = Suborbital

|function = Ionospheric

|d-date = 20 December

|outcome = Successful{{cite web |last=Wade |first=Mark |title=A-1 (R-1) |url=http://www.astronautix.com/a/a-1r-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227211956/http://astronautix.com/a/a-1r-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 December 2016 |access-date=17 November 2021}}

}}

}}

|}

{{TLS-M|1956}}

{{Pie chart

| radius = 120

| legend = false

| thumb = left

| label1 = United States:

| value1 = 76

| color1 = #484785

| label2 = Soviet Union:

| value2 = 69

| color2 = #A52A2A

}}

{{clear}}

{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart

| float = center

| width = 850

| height = 400

| stack = 1

| group 1 = 1:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0

| group 2 = 0:1:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0

| group 3 = 0:1:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0

| group 4 = 0:8:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0

| group 5 = 0:2:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0

| group 6 = 0:5:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0

| group 7 = 0:2:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0

| group 8 = 0:9:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0

| group 9 = 0:0:10:0:0:0:0:0:0:0

| group 10 = 0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:0

| group 11 = 0:0:0:11:0:0:0:0:0:0

| group 12 = 0:0:0:2:0:0:0:0:0:0

| group 13 = 0:0:0:0:20:0:0:0:0:0

| group 14 = 0:0:0:0:0:2:0:0:0:0

| group 15 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0

| group 16 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:17:0:0

| group 17 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0

| group 18 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:4:0:0

| group 19 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:10:0:0

| group 20 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:11:0

| group 21 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:14

| group 22 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:10

| group 23 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:3

| colors = blue

: #363663 : #5b59a6 : #cecde4

: #646e2b

: #1e85ae : #25a7da : #7ccae9

: #00cccc

: #00bfff : #007399 : #0099cc

: #828b74

: #971e02

: #859339

: #7a1f1f : #cb3434 : #e08585 : #efc2c2

: #ff7700

: #997800 : #cca000 : #ffc800

| group names = Viking (second model)

: Aerobee RTV-N-10

: Aerobee RTV-N-10c

: Aerobee Hi (NRL)

: Aerobee XASR-SC-1

: Aerobee RTV-A-1a

: Aerobee Hi (USAF)

: Aerobee AJ10-34

: Deacon rockoon (NRL)

: Nike-Nike-T40-T55

: Nike-Cajun

: Terrapin

: X-17

: HJ-Nike

: Jupiter-C

: R-1

: A-1

: R-1E

: R-1UK

: R-2

: R-5M

: R-5RD

: R-5R

| x legends = Viking : Aerobee : Rockoon : Nike/
Deacon : X-17 : Honest John : Jupiter-C : R-1 : R-2 : R-5

| units suffix = _launches

| y tick marks = 5

}}

• Timeline of spaceflight

{{Reflist}}

{{TLS-L|year=1956|nav=on}}

Category:1956 in spaceflight

Category:Spaceflight by year