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1991 Indian general election in Kerala

{{Short description|none}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1991 Indian general election

| country = India

| type = parliamentary

| ongoing = no

| previous_election = 1989 Indian general election in Kerala

| previous_year = 1989

| next_election = 1996 Indian general election in Kerala

| next_year = 1996

| election_date = May–June 1991

| seats_for_election = 20 seats

| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=K. Karunakaran, Indian politician.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=14}}

| leader1 = K. Karunakaran

| alliance1 = UDF

| leaders_seat1 = -

| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=E.K.Nayanar 1.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=08}}

| leader2 = E.K. Nayanar

| alliance2 = LDF

| leaders_seat2 = -

| seats1 = 16

| seats2 = 4

| last_election1 = 17

| last_election2 = 3

| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 1

| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 1

| party1 = Indian National Congress

| party2 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)

| percentage1 = 48.59%

| percentage2 = 44.28%

}}

The 1991 Indian general election were held to elect 20 members to the tenth Lok Sabha from Kerala.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=General Election, 1991|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4122-general-election-1991-vol-i-ii/}} Indian National Congress (INC)-led United Democratic Front (UDF) won 16 seats while Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) won the remaining 4 seats.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1991|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=10}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Turnout for the election was at 70.66%{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1991 TO THE 10th LOK SABHA|url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Links/Books/91_Vol_I.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413155228/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in:80/Links/Books/91_VOL_I.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-13 |access-date=|website=}} In the Lok Sabha, INC formed a minority government under the premiership of P. V. Narasimha Rao.

Alliances and parties

{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Alliances Kerala 1991|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/alliance/partyWise/10/28|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008234050/https://www.indiavotes.com/alliance/partyWise/10/28 |archive-date=2020-10-08 |access-date=|website=}}

UDF is a Kerala legislative alliance formed by INC veteran K. Karunakaran. LDF comprises primarily of CPI(M) and the CPI, forming the Left Front in the national level. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) contested in 19 seats.

= United Democratic Front =

class="wikitable"

! scope="col" style="width:4px;" |No.

! scope="col" style="width:200px;" |Party

! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol

! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested

style="height: 45px;"

| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};color:white" |1.

|Indian National Congress

| style="text-align:center;" |

| style="text-align:center;" |16

style="height: 45px;"

| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}};color:white" |2.

|Indian Union Muslim League

| style="text-align:center;" |47x47px

| style="text-align:center;" |2

style="height: 45px;"

| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Kerala Congress (Mani)}};color:white" |3.

|Kerala Congress (M)

| style="text-align:center;" |45x45px

| style="text-align:center;" |1

style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};color:black" |4.

|Independents

|

| style="text-align:center;"|1

= Left Democratic Front =

class="wikitable"

! scope="col" style="width:4px;" |No.

! scope="col" style="width:200px;" |Party

! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol

! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested

style="height: 45px;"

| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)}};color:white" |1.

|Communist Party of India (Marxist)

|File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg

| style="text-align:center;" |9

style="height: 4px;"

| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist_Party_of_India}};color:white" |2.

|Communist Party of India

|File:CPI symbol.svg

| style="text-align:center;" |4

style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}};color:black" |3.

|Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha

|

| style="text-align:center;" |1

style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};color:black" |4.

|Independents

|

| style="text-align:center;" |2

style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Janata Dal}};color:white" |5.

|Janata Dal

|

| style="text-align:center;" |2

style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}};color:white" |6.

|Revolutionary Socialist Party

|

| style="text-align:center;" |1

style="height: 4px;"

| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Kerala Congress}};color:black" |7.

|Kerala Congress

| style="text-align:center;" |

| style="text-align:center;" |1

= Bharatiya Janata Party =

class="wikitable"

! scope="col" style="width:4px;" |No.

! scope="col" style="width:200px;" |Party

! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol

! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested

style="height: 45px;"

| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |1.

|Bharatiya Janata Party

| style="text-align:center;" |40x40px

| style="text-align:center;" |19

List of elected MPs

{{Cite web|last=Roy Mathew|date=|title=Indian Parliament Elections 1991: Kerala Winners|url=http://keralaassembly.org/lok/winners.php4?year=1991|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040430130930/http://www.keralaassembly.org:80/lok/winners.php4?year=1991 |archive-date=2004-04-30 |access-date=2020-09-15|website=keralaassembly.org}}

class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"

!No.

!Constituency

!Name of Elected M.P.

!Party Affiliation

1

|Kasaragod

|Ramanna Rai

|CPI(M)

2

|Kannur

|Mullappally Ramachandran

|INC

3

|Vatakara

|K. P. Unnikrishnan

|ICS(SCS)

4

|Kozhikode

|K. Muraleedharan

|INC

5

|Manjeri

|E. Ahamed

|IUML

6

|Ponnani

|Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait

|IUML

7

|Palakkad

|V. S. Vijayaraghavan

|INC

8

|Ottapalam

|K. R. Narayanan

|INC

9

|Thrissur

|P. C. Chacko

|INC

10

|Mukundapuram

|Savitri Lakshmanan

|INC

11

|Ernakulam

|K. V. Thomas

|INC

12

|Muvattupuzha

|P. C. Thomas

|KC(M)

13

|Kottayam

|Ramesh Chennithala

|INC

14

|Idukki

|K. M. Mathew

|INC

15

|Alappuzha

|T. J. Anjalose

|CPI(M)

16

|Mavelikkara

|P. J. Kurien

|INC

17

|Adoor

|Kodikunnil Suresh

|INC

18

|Kollam

|S. Krishna Kumar

|INC

19

|Chirayankil

|Suseela Gopalan

|CPI(M)

20

|Thiruvananthapuram

|A. Charles

|INC

Results

= Performance of political parties =

{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Party-wise performance for 1991 Kerala|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/party_list/28/10}}{{Pie chart|caption=Vote Share by alliance|other=yes|value1=48.59|label1=UDF|color1={{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value2=44.28|label2=LDF|color2={{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value3=4.61|label3=BJP|color3={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}

class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"

!No.

!Party

!Political Front

!Seats

!Votes

!%Votes

!±pp

1

|Indian National Congress

|UDF

|13

|55,26,187

|38.77%

|{{increase}}2.93

2

|Communist Party of India (Marxist)

|LDF

|3

|29,52,043

|20.71%

|{{decrease}}2.16

3

|Communist Party of India

|LDF

|0

|11,56,798

|8.12%

|{{increase}}1.92

4

|Indian Union Muslim League

|UDF

|2

|7,15,222

|5.02%

|{{decrease}}0.21

5

|Janata Dal

|LDF

|0

|6,43,366

|4.51%

|{{increase}}2.65

6

|Bharatiya Janata Party

|none

|0

|6,56,945

|4.61%

|{{increase}}0.10

7

|Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha

|LDF

|1

|3,95,501

|2.77%

|{{increase}}0.29

8

|Kerala Congress (M)

|UDF

|1

|3,84,255

|2.70%

|{{increase}}0.34

9

|Revolutionary Socialist Party

|LDF

|0

|3,42,796

|2.41%

| {{nochange}}

10

|Kerala Congress

|LDF

|0

|3,19,933

|2.24%

|{{increase}}1.78

11

|Bahujan Samaj Party

|none

|0

|23,475

|0.16%

|{{increase}}0.04

12

|Janata Party

|none

|0

|17,883

|0.13%

|{{decrease}}0.13

13

|Republican Party of India

|none

|0

|5,840

|0.04%

|new

14

|Deseeya Karshaka Party

|none

|0

|4,508

|0.03%

|new

15

|Door Darshi Party

|none

|0

|3,268

|0.02%

|new

16

|Lok Dal

|none

|0

|3,024

|0.02%

|new

colspan="3" |Independents

|0

|11,02,111

|7.73%

|{{decrease}}1.76

= By constituency =

{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1991|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=10}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"

!No.

!Constituency

!UDF candidate

!Votes

!%

!Party

!LDF candidate

!Votes

!%

!Party

!BJP / Other candidate

!Votes

!%

!Party

!Winning alliance

!Margin

1

|Kasaragod

|K. C. Venugopal

|3,35,113

|43.2%

|INC

| style="background:lightgreen;" |M. Ramanna Rai

|3,44,536

|44.4%

|CPI(M)

|C. K. Padmanabhan

|76,067

|9.8%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF

|9,423

2

|Kannur

| style="background:lightgreen;" |Mullappally Ramachandran

|3,76,696

|50.2%

|INC

|E. Ebrahim Kutty

|3,35,569

|44.8%

|IC(S)

|M. K. Saseendran

|25,720

|3.4%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|41,127

3

|Vatakara

|M. Ratnasingh

|3,78,012

|47.2%

|INC

| style="background:lightgreen;" |K. P. Unnikrishnan

|3,95,501

|49.4%

|CPI(M)

|P. Unnikrishnan

|8,566

|1.1%

|IND

! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF

|17,489

4

|Kozhikode

| style="background:lightgreen;" |K. Muraleedharan

|3,55,113

|47.1%

|INC

|M. P. Veerendra Kumar

|3,39,229

|45.0%

|JD

|U. Dattathriya Rao

|43,661

|5.8%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|15,884

5

|Manjeri

| style="background:lightgreen;" |E. Ahamed

|3,75,456

|50.6%

|IUML

|V. Venugopal

|2,86,133

|38.6%

|CPI(M)

|Ahalya Sankar

|51,634

|7.0%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|89,323

6

|Ponnani

| style="background:lightgreen;" |Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait

|3,39,766

|52.3%

|IUML

|K. Hamza Kunju

|2,44,060

|37.6%

|CPI

|K. Janachandran

|45,388

|7.0%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|95,706

7

|Palakkad

| style="background:lightgreen;" |V. S. Vijayaraghavan

|3,34,913

|47.7%

|INC

|A. Vijayaraghavan

|3,19,145

|45.4%

|CPI(M)

|Rema S. Menon

|31,323

|4.5%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|15,768

8

|Ottapalam

| style="background:lightgreen;" |K. R. Narayanan

|3,27,043

|47.7%

|INC

|Lenin Rajendran

|3,11,955

|45.5%

|CPI(M)

|M. A. Pushpakran

|33,542

|4.9%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|15,088

9

|Thrissur

| style="background:lightgreen;" |P. C. Chacko

|3,42,896

|48.6%

|INC

|K. P. Rajendran

|3,13,665

|44.4%

|CPI

|E. Reghunandanan

|38,213

|5.4%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|29,231

10

|Mukundapuram

| style="background:lightgreen;" |Savithri Lakshmanan

|3,62,029

|47.8%

|INC

|A. P. Kurian

|3,49,664

|46.1%

|IND

|K. V. Sreedharan

|30,776

|4.1%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|12,365

11

|Ernakulam

| style="background:lightgreen;" |K. V. Thomas

|3,62,975

|49.0%

|INC

|V. Viswanatha Menon

|3,15,831

|42.6%

|CPI(M)

|V. A. Rahman

|30,082

|4.1%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|47,144

12

|Muvattupuzha

| style="background:lightgreen;" |P. C. Thomas

|3,84,255

|53.4%

|KC(M)

|P. I. Devasia

|2,86,152

|39.8%

|IND

|N. Ajith

|26,783

|3.7%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|98,103

13

|Kottayam

| style="background:lightgreen;" |Ramesh Chennithala

|3,66,759

|51.4%

|INC

|Thampan Thomas

|3,04,137

|42.6%

|JD

|George Kurian

|22,622

|3.2%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|62,622

14

|Idukki

| style="background:lightgreen;" |K. M. Mathew

|3,45,139

|48.3%

|INC

|P. J. Joseph

|3,19,933

|44.8%

|KEC

|K. Madhusoodhanan Nair

|25,197

|3.5%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|25,206

15

|Alappuzha

|Vakkom Purushothaman

|3,50,719

|47.3%

|INC

| style="background:lightgreen;" |T. J. Anjalose

|3,64,794

|49.2%

|CPI(M)

|V. S. Vijayakumar

|15,973

|2.2%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF

|14,075

16

|Mavelikkara

| style="background:lightgreen;" |P. J. Kurian

|3,04,519

|48.4%

|INC

|K. Suresh Kurup

|2,79,031

|44.4%

|CPI(M)

|Chennithala Gopalkrishnan Nair

|25,665

|4.1%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|25,488

17

|Adoor

| style="background:lightgreen;" |Kodikunnil Suresh

|3,27,066

|48.9%

|INC

|Bhargavi Thankappan

|3,08,471

|46.1%

|CPI

|C. C. Kunjan

|17,067

|2.6%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|18,595

18

|Kollam

| style="background:lightgreen;" |S. Krishna Kumar

|3,70,523

|50.0%

|INC

|R. S. Unni

|3,42,796

|46.2%

|RSP

|S. Ramakrishna Pillai

|16,507

|2.2%

|IND

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|27,727

19

|Chirayinkil

|Thalekunnil Basheer

|3,30,412

|47.2%

|INC

| style="background:lightgreen;" |Suseela Gopalan

|3,31,518

|47.4%

|CPI(M)

|K. K. R. Kumar

|20,159

|2.9%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF

|1,106

20

|Trivandrum

| style="background:lightgreen;" |A. Charles

|3,34,272

|46.3%

|INC

|E. J. Vijayamma

|2,90,602

|40.3%

|CPI

|O. Rajagopal

|80,566

|11.2%

|BJP

! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF

|43,670

See also

References

{{reflist}}{{Kerala elections}}

Category:1991 Indian general election by state or union territory

K

Category:Indian general elections in Kerala