1 Samuel 7#Verse 2

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 17 verses.

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}} Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, including 4Q51 (4QSam{{sup|a}}; 100–50 BCE) with extant verse 1.{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|p=267}}[https://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/#1_samuel Dead sea scrolls – 1 Samuel]{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=35}}[https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/manuscript/4Q51-1 4Q51 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library]

Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^A; 5th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|The whole book of 1 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.{{Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Codex Sinaiticus}}}}

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• Bethel
• Ekron
• Gath
• Gilgal
• Kiriath Jearim
• Mizpah
• Ramah

• The event in this chapter happened at the end of judges period in Israel, about 1100 BC.

This chapter provides the background leading to the rise of the monarchy in chapters 8–12 by indicating the threat to Israel, here from the Philistines (cf. 9:16), and later also from other nations (11:1–15), as well as showing that theocracy, based on Israel's faithfulness to the covenant with God, brought success against the enemies, but later when Israel became unfaithful to

God, a monarchy became a necessity.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=204}}

At the request of the people of Beth-shemesh (1 Samuel 6:21), men of Kiriath Jearim moved the Ark of the Covenant from Beth-shemesh to their city and installed it at the house of Abinadab. The people set aside Eleazar, son of Abinadab, as the guard (Hebrew: shmr) to the Ark, a term which may mean a priestly task of liturgical services to take care of it as a sacred object or the actual task of keeping people away from it (preventing curious peeking as in Beth-shemesh, that caused plagues there).{{sfn|Evans|2018|p=96}} Both the names Abinadab and Eleazar often appear in levitical lists.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=203}} Eleazar seemed to perform his duties well as there was no reported casualties during the twenty years of the Ark being there.{{sfn|Evans|2018|p=96}} The Ark stayed in Kiriath Jearim until David moved it to Jerusalem (2 Samuel 6).{{sfn|Evans|2018|p=96}}

:Then the people of Kiriath Jearim came and took the ark of the Lord; they brought it to the house of Abinadab located on the hill. They consecrated Eleazar his son to guard the ark of the Lord.{{bibleref2|1 Samuel|7:1|NET}} NET Bible

• "People": in Hebrew literally "men".Note on 1 Samuel 7:1 in NET Bible
• "Kiriath Jearim" (also written as "Kirjath-Jearim" or "Kiryat Ye'arim"): now identified with Deir el-Azar (Tel Qiryat Yearim),{{cite journal |last=Cooke |first=Francis T. |title=The Site of Kirjath-Jearim |journal=Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research |volume=5 |date=1925 |pages=105–120 |doi=10.2307/3768522 |jstor=3768522 }}{{cite book|last=Robinson|first=E.|author-link=Edward Robinson (scholar)|year=1856|url=https://archive.org/details/laterbiblicalre01smitgoog|title=Later Biblical Researches in Palestine and in the Adjacent Regions – A Journal of Travels in the Year 1852|location=Boston|publisher=Crocker & Brewster| page= [https://archive.org/details/laterbiblicalre01smitgoog/page/n205 156]}} a place near Abu Ghosh on a hill about 7 miles west of Jerusalem.{{Cite web|url=https://kiriathjearim.wordpress.com/|title=The Shmunis Family Foundation Excavations at Kiriath-Jearim|website=The Shmunis Family Foundation Excavations at Kiriath-Jearim|language=en|access-date=2019-12-29}}
• "Abinadab": also the father of Uzzah and Ahio, the priests related to the transportation of the Ark to Jerusalem, as recorded in 2 Samuel 6:3–4, 6–8; 1 Chronicles 13:7, 9–11.{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=408 Hebrew Bible}}

:And it came to pass, while the ark abode in Kirjathjearim, that the time was long; for it was twenty years: and all the house of Israel lamented after the Lord.{{bibleverse|1 Samuel|7:2|KJV}} KJV

• "Twenty years": may allude to "half a generation", fitting Samuel's story in the Book of Judges, where 'a period of foreign oppression precedes Israel's repentance'.{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=408 Hebrew Bible}}

Although the Philistines had been forced to return the ark, they were still a threat, so Samuel surfaced to lead his people to fight, first by addressing the issue in verse 3, then by assembling the army in verse 5.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=204}} The battle in verses 7–11 'bears the marks of the holy war tradition', such as in Joshua 10:{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=204}}

• an enemy assault causing panic among the Israelites;
• petition by Samuel, accompanied by sacrifice;
• YHWH entering into battle, causing a thunderstorm to confuse the Philistines;
• the Israelites pursuing the defeated Philistines.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=204}}

These elements emphasize the basic claim that 'victory belongs to YHWH alone'.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=204}} Using a formula similar to those in the book of Judges (cf. Judges 4:23–24), the section concludes by stating that the Philistines were completely subjugated with Israel repossessing towns and territories formerly lost to the Philistines (near Ekron and Gath), restoring their position, as it was before an earlier battle at Ebenezer (chapter 4), a place with significant meaning, 'Stone of Help', reminding Israel that 'thus far the {{Lord}} has helped us'.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=204}} The Israelites even made peace with the Amorites.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=204}}

:And Samuel said to all the house of Israel, "If you are returning to the LORD with all your heart, then put away the foreign gods and the Ashtaroth from among you and direct your heart to the LORD and serve him only, and he will deliver you out of the hand of the Philistines."{{bibleref2|1 Samuel|7:3|ESV}} ESV

Samuel's address contains Deuteronomistic phrases, such as 'returning to the LORD with all your heart', and many expressions found in the book of Judges (cf. Judges 10:6–16 for 'remove foreign gods', 'serve him only', 'the Baals and Astartes').{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=204}}

:And Samuel said, "Gather all Israel to Mizpah, and I will pray to the Lord for you."{{bibleref2|1 Samuel|7:5|NKJV}} NKJV

• "Mizpah": identified as Tell en-Nasbeh a few miles north of Jerusalem. It was an important tribal center and location of many prophetical activities.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=204}}
• "Pray": on this occasion was usually accompanied by two rites: (1) drawing and pouring water (water as the source of life, probably, in association with the Feast of Tabernacles and the Day of Atonement, as an essential element for a purification rite); (2) fasting was a sign of penitence.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=204}}

:Then Samuel took a stone and set it between Mizpah and Shen. And he called its name Ebenezer saying, "Thus far the Lord has helped us."{{bibleref2|1 Samuel|7:12|MEV}} MEV

• "Shen": according to Hebrew texts; Septuagint and Syriac manuscripts have "Jeshanah".Note on 1 Samuel 7:12 in ESV
• "Ebenezer": literally, "stone of help" or "the stone, the help", where 'the second noun is in apposition to the first one'; apparently forming the name by which the stone was known; cf. the expression used in 1 Samuel 5:1 and 7:12, where, unlike 4:1, the first word lacks the definite article.Note on 1 Samuel 4:1 in NET Bible

:So the Philistines were subdued, and they came no more into the coast of Israel: and the hand of the Lord was against the Philistines all the days of Samuel.{{bibleverse|1 Samuel|7:13|KJV}} KJV

• "All the days of Samuel": this phrase indicates that the statement summarizes Samuel's judgeship.{{sfn|Evans|2018|p=98}} This directly contrasts with the characterization of the reign of Saul in 1 Samuel 14:52, as follows:{{sfn|Evans|2018|p=98}}

The contrast displays the ineffectiveness of Saul's reign against the Philistines, but moreover shows how the people of Israel demanded a king during the time of military dominance over the Philistines under Samuel, thus lack of valid reason to replace theocracy with monarchy.{{sfn|Evans|2018|p=98}}

Samuel the prophet led Israel in the style of preceding "judges", who saved the people from their enemies (Judges 2:18), while also fulfilling a narrower judicial role (verses 15–17). In affirming the effectiveness of a charismatic, non-royal leadership, the inappropriateness of Israel's wish to have a king in subsequent events is established.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=204}}

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

• Amorites
• Ark of the Covenant
• Ashtaroth
• Baalim
• Bethcar
• Domestic sheep
• Ekron
• Fasting
• Gaza
• Gath
• Joshua the Bethshemite
• Korban
• Philistines
• Philistine captivity of the Ark
• Shen

}}

{{Portal|Bible}}

• Related Bible parts: 1 Samuel 4, 1 Samuel 5, 1 Samuel 6

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{Cite book|last=Auld|first=Graeme|chapter=1 & 2 Samuel|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213 |editor=James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson|title=Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0}}
• {{Cite book|last=Bergen|first=David T.|title=1, 2 Samuel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC |publisher=B&H Publishing Group|year=1996|isbn=978-0-8054-0107-3}}
• {{Cite book| last=Chapman |first= Stephen B. |title= 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary |publisher= Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company |year= 2016 |isbn= 978-1-4674-4516-0 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kS4XDAAAQBAJ }}
• {{Cite book| last=Evans |first= Paul |title= 1-2 Samuel | series = The Story of God Bible Commentary | editor-first= Tremper | editor-last= Longman |publisher= Zondervan Academic |year= 2018 |isbn= 978-0-310-49094-4 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Uy8-DwAAQBAJ }}
• {{Cite book|last=Gordon|first=Robert|title=I & II Samuel, A Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&pg=PA338 |publisher=Paternoster Press|year=1986|isbn=978-0-310-23022-9}}
• {{Cite book|last=Hertzberg|first=Hans Wilhelm|title=I & II Samuel, A Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&pg=PA19 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|year=1964|edition=trans. from German 2nd edition 1960 |isbn=978-0-664-22318-2 |page=19}}
• {{Cite book|last=Tsumura|first=David Toshio|title=The First Book of Samuel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC |publisher=Eerdmans|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8028-2359-5}}

{{Refend}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{Cite book|last=Breytenbach|first=Andries|title=Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets |publisher= Brill| year=2000|chapter=Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&pg=PA50 |editor=Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy |isbn=9789004118713}}
• {{cite book | last= Coogan| first = Michael David | author-link= Michael D. Coogan | title = The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 | editor-last1 = Coogan | editor-first1= Michael David | editor-first2 = Marc Zvi | editor-last2 = Brettler | editor-first3 = Carol Ann | editor-last3 = Newsom | editor-first4= Pheme | editor-last4 = Perkins | edition= Augmented 3rd | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2007 |isbn = 978-0-19-528881-0 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ}}
• {{cite book|last = Fitzmyer|first = Joseph A.|authorlink= Joseph Fitzmyer |title = A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature|publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC | year = 2008|isbn = 978-0-8028-6241-9|location = Grand Rapids, MI }}
• {{cite book | last= Halley | first= Henry H. | author-link= Henry Hampton Halley | title= Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary |edition=24th (revised)| publisher= Zondervan Publishing House | date= 1965 | url= https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr | url-access= registration| isbn= 0-310-25720-4}}
• {{Cite book | last = Hayes | first = Christine | title = Introduction to the Bible |publisher = Yale University Press | year = 2015 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC |isbn = 978-0-300-18827-1}}
• {{cite book|last= Jones | first= Gwilym H. | chapter = 12. 1 and 2 Samuel | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John | editor-last1 = Barton | editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John | editor-last2= Muddiman | editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press | edition= first (paperback) | year = 2007 | pages = 196–232 | isbn = 978-0-19-927718-6 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ | access-date=February 6, 2019}}
• {{Cite book|last=Klein|first=R.W.|chapter=Samuel, books of|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C |editor=Bromiley, Geoffrey W|title=The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8028-3784-4}}
• {{Cite book|last=Knight|first=Douglas A|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62|editor=James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards|chapter=Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists|title=Old Testament Interpretation|publisher=T&T Clark|year=1995|isbn=978-0-567-29289-6 }}
• {{Cite book | editor-last = Ulrich | editor-first = Eugene | title = The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants | year = 2010 | publisher = Brill | url = https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls }}
• {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes | isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

{{Refend}}

• Jewish translations:
• [https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/15836/showrashi/true Shmuel I – I Samuel – Chapter 7 (Judaica Press)]. Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
• Christian translations:
• [http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=1+Samuel+7 Online Bible at GospelHall.org] (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
• [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=9&chapter=7&version=9 1 Samuel chapter 7. Bible Gateway]

{{First Book of Samuel}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samuel 1 07}}

07

Category:Ark of the Covenant

Category:Philistines

Category:Samuel