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2011 in Germany

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{{Year in Germany|2011}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}

File:Turm der evangelischen Kirche Nußloch daneben Rathaus.JPG

The following is a list of events from the year 2011 in Germany. In 2011, Germany was recognized for having the most positive influence in the world.{{Cite news | url = http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/articles/views_on_countriesregions_bt/680.php?nid=&id=&pnt=680&lb=#ger | title = Views of US Continue to Improve in 2011 BBC Country Rating Poll | work = Worldpublicopinion.org | date = 7 March 2011 | access-date = 28 March 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110427045321/http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/articles/views_on_countriesregions_bt/680.php?nid=&id=&pnt=680&lb=#ger | archive-date = 27 April 2011 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }} It was also the largest contributor to the budget of the European Union (providing 20%){{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/budget/figures/2011/2011_en.cfm|title=The EU budget 2011 in figures|publisher=European Commission|access-date=6 May 2011|archive-date=11 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511154943/http://ec.europa.eu/budget/figures/2011/2011_en.cfm|url-status=live}} and the third largest contributor to the UN (providing 8%).{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=ST/ADM/SER.B/824 |title=United Nations regular budget for the year 2011 |publisher=UN Committee on Contributions |access-date=6 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623054849/http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=ST%2FADM%2FSER.B%2F824 |archive-date=23 June 2011 }} Germany hosted the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup and Eurovision Song Contest and ended conscription in the Bundeswehr.{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=255989/match=300144437/summary.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718121005/http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=255989/match=300144437/summary.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 July 2011|title=Japan edge USA for maiden title|date=2011-07-17|work=FIFA|access-date=2011-07-17}} In education, Germany achieved a third best result in university rankings.{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/germany/german-universities-2010-qs-world-university-rankings%C2%AE |title = German universities in the 2010 QS World University Rankings® - Topuniversities |access-date=2012-01-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120160444/http://www.topuniversities.com/germany/german-universities-2010-qs-world-university-rankings%C2%AE |archive-date=2012-01-20 }}

Incumbents

File:Christian Wulff 2010.jpg]]

File:Angela Merkel Juli 2010 - 3zu4.jpg]]

Aerospace

File:ROSAT one of the last images before reentry.jpg

A German X-ray observatory in Space called ROSAT, last active in 1999, re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on 23 October 2011.{{cite web|url=http://www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10424|title=ROSAT – latest news|work=DLR Portal|date=25 October 2011|access-date=25 October 2011|archive-date=15 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515232737/https://www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10424/|url-status=live}} It had been launched in 1990.{{Cite web |url=http://www.mpe.mpg.de/xray/wave/rosat/mission/rosat/launch.php |title=Archived copy |access-date=9 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006030341/http://www.mpe.mpg.de/xray/wave/rosat/mission/rosat/launch.php |archive-date=6 October 2011 |url-status=dead }}

The Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) provided the framing cameras for the Dawn spacecraft, which arrived at asteroid 4 Vesta in mid-2011.{{cite journal|last=Rayman|first=Marc|author2=Thomas C. Fraschetti|author3=Carol A. Raymond|author4=Christopher T. Russell|title=Dawn: A mission in development for exploration of main belt asteroids Vesta and Ceres|journal=Acta Astronautica|volume=58|pages=605–616|url=http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/Dawn_overview.pdf|access-date=14 April 2011|doi=10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.01.014|issue=11|bibcode=2006AcAau..58..605R|date=5 April 2006|archive-date=30 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930183613/http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/Dawn_overview.pdf|url-status=live}}{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-14160135 | date= 17 July 2011 | title=Dawn probe orbits asteroid Vesta | author=Jonathan Amos | journal=BBC News | access-date=20 June 2018 | archive-date=22 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422021451/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-14160135 | url-status=live }} The DLR, which is Germany's space agency took on Hansjörg Dittus as an executive Board member for space research and development in June.{{cite web | url = http://www.dlr.de/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-1/86_read-31208/ | title = DLR Portal – Professor Hansjörg Dittus – new DLR Executive Board Member for Space | access-date = 2011-06-27 | date = 2011-06-15 | work = DLR Portal | publisher = German Aerospace Center }}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Another space project Germany was involved with was the Mars Science Laboratory Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), which was funded by the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters and the DLR. RAD was developed by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) and the extraterrestrial physics group at Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany. RAD was the first of ten MSL instruments to be turned on, on the route to Mars. It will characterize the broad spectrum of radiation environment found inside the spacecraft.{{cite web |url=http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~hassler/rad/ |title=SwRI Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) Homepage |publisher=Southwest Research Institute |access-date=2011-01-19 |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422062833/https://www.boulder.swri.edu/~hassler/rad/ |url-status=live }}

Bundeswehr

In May 2011 the German Bundeswehr had 188,000 professional soldiers and 31,000 18‑ to 25‑year‑old conscripts who served for at least six months.{{cite web |url=http://www.bundeswehr.de/portal/a/bwde/!ut/p/c4/DcmxDYAwDATAWVgg7unYAugc8kSWI4OMIesTXXm002D8SeWQy7jRStshc-4p94L0hENCnXEGUvXXSuMKG8FwBd26TD9uIZiT/ |title=Die Stärke der Streitkräfte |access-date=5 June 2011 |publisher=Bundeswehr |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822234553/https://www.bundeswehr.de/portal/a/bwde/!ut/p/c4/DcmxDYAwDATAWVgg7unYAugc8kSWI4OMIesTXXm002D8SeWQy7jRStshc-4p94L0hENCnXEGUvXXSuMKG8FwBd26TD9uIZiT// |archive-date=22 August 2016 |url-status=dead }} The German government announced plans to reduce the number of soldiers to 170,000 professionals and up to 15,000 short-time volunteers (voluntary military service).{{cite web |url=http://www.bundeswehr.de/portal/a/bwde/!ut/p/c4/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP3I5EyrpHK9pPKUVL3ikqLUzJLsosTUtJJUvbzU0vTU4pLEnJLSvHRUuYKcxDygoH5BtqMiAMTJdF8!/ |title=Ausblick: Die Bundeswehr der Zukunft |access-date=5 June 2011 |publisher=Bundeswehr |language=de |archive-date=4 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604001134/http://www.bundeswehr.de/portal/a/bwde/!ut/p/c4/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP3I5EyrpHK9pPKUVL3ikqLUzJLsosTUtJJUvbzU0vTU4pLEnJLSvHRUuYKcxDygoH5BtqMiAMTJdF8!/ |url-status=live }} Reservists are available to the Armed Forces and participate in defence exercises and deployments abroad, a new reserve concept of their future strength and functions was announced 2011. {{As of|2011|4}}, the German military had about 6,900 troops stationed in foreign countries as part of international peacekeeping forces, including about 4,900 Bundeswehr troops in the NATO-led ISAF force in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan, 1,150 German soldiers in Kosovo, and 300 troops with UNIFIL in Lebanon.{{cite web|url=http://www.bundeswehr.de/portal/a/bwde/einsaetze/einsatzzahlen?yw_contentURL=/C1256EF4002AED30/W264VFT2439INFODE/content.jsp |title=Einsatzzahlen – Die Stärke der deutschen Einsatzkontingente |access-date=14 April 2011 |publisher=Bundeswehr |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429090345/http://www.bundeswehr.de/portal/a/bwde/einsaetze/einsatzzahlen?yw_contentURL=%2FC1256EF4002AED30%2FW264VFT2439INFODE%2Fcontent.jsp |archive-date=29 April 2011 |url-status=live }}

Until 2011, military service was compulsory for men at age 18, and conscripts served six-month tours of duty; conscientious objectors could instead opt for an equal length of Zivildienst (civilian service), or a six-year commitment to (voluntary) emergency services like a fire department or the Red Cross. On 1 July 2011 conscription was officially suspended and replaced with a voluntary service.{{cite news |title= Germany to abolish compulsory military service |author= Connolly, Kate |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/nov/22/germany-abolish-compulsory-military-service |newspaper =The Guardian |location =UK |date= 22 November 2010 |access-date =7 April 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110514235841/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/nov/22/germany-abolish-compulsory-military-service| archive-date= 14 May 2011 | url-status= live}}{{cite news |title = Marching orders for conscription in Germany, but what will take its place? |author =Pidd, Helen |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/16/conscription-germany-army |newspaper =The Guardian |location =UK |date =16 March 2011 |access-date =7 April 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110514235831/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/16/conscription-germany-army| archive-date= 14 May 2011 | url-status= live}}

Churches

File:Interior of Old Catholic church in Hannover, Germany.jpg

The Pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, made his first official visit to Germany in 2011.{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-15016554 |title=BBC – Last Pope Benedict making first official visit to Germany (September 2011) |access-date=20 June 2018 |archive-date=2 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202162105/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-15016554 |url-status=live }} In 2011, there were 25 million Catholics in Germany, which is about one third of the population.(BBC, 2011) Pope Benedict XVI was welcomed by the Chancellor and the President of Germany, and then made visits across the country, such as with leaders of the Lutheran Church.

Chancellor

The Chancellor of Germany was named the fourth most powerful person in the world in 2011.{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/powerful-people/list/|title=The World's Most Powerful People|work=Forbes|access-date=23 August 2017|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225092237/https://www.forbes.com/powerful-people/list/|url-status=live}} (this source has since changed) A poll in August 2011 found the Chancellor's coalition with 36% support.{{cite web|url=http://www.zimbio.com/Chancellor+Angela+Merkel/articles/tvb0mRYv0RF/German+opposition+hits+11+year+high+polls|title=German opposition hits 11-year high in polls|publisher=France24|date=2011-08-05|access-date=2011-08-23|archive-date=11 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011051049/http://www.zimbio.com/Chancellor%2BAngela%2BMerkel/articles/tvb0mRYv0RF/German%2Bopposition%2Bhits%2B11%2Byear%2Bhigh%2Bpolls|url-status=live}}

Elections

There were a number of elections in Germany in 2011 including:

Sporting events

Some examples of sporting events hosted in Germany.

Renewable energy

File:Iris sibirica 02.jpg

By January 2011, around 17% of electricity, 8% of heat and 6% of fuel used in Germany was generated from renewable sources, reducing Germany's energy imports (DENA, 2011).German Renewable Energies Agency (Deutsche Erneuerbare Energien Agentur, DENA), January 2011, [http://www.unendlich-viel-energie.de/de/politik/10-jahre-eeg.html DENA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321171210/http://www.unendlich-viel-energie.de/de/politik/10-jahre-eeg.html |date=21 March 2012 }} By early 2011, the renewable energy industry employed more than 350,000 people in Germany, up from 30,000 people in 1998. Germany hosted businesses like Enercon, Nordex and REpower Systems in the wind industry and Q-Cells, Schott Solar and SolarWorld in the solar industry. Germany was one of the world's three major renewable energy economies (Renewable Energy Network 21, 2011).Renewable Energy Network for the 21st century, February 2011, [http://www.ren21.net/Portals/97/documents/GSR/REN21_GSR_2010_full_revised%20Sept2010.pdf .pdf] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416031610/http://www.ren21.net/Portals/97/documents/GSR/REN21_GSR_2010_full_revised%20Sept2010.pdf |date=2012-04-16 }}

In 2011, Germany's federal government worked on a plan for increasing renewable energy commercialization,{{cite web|url=http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/inhalt/46959/3860/|title=100% renewable electricity supply by 2050|publisher=Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety|date=26 January 2011|access-date=4 June 2011|archive-date=9 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110509143651/http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/inhalt/46959/3860/|url-status=dead}} with a particular focus on offshore wind farms.{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,752791,00.html|title=Will Nuke Phase-Out Make Offshore Farms Attractive?|first=Stefan|last=Schultz|date=23 March 2011|work=Spiegel Online|access-date=26 March 2011|archive-date=10 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210090055/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,752791,00.html|url-status=live}} Among many ongoing developments in wind power, the Baltic 1 wind farm was commissioned on 2 May 2011.{{cite web | url= http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,15043017,00.html | title= Offshore wind park powers German hopes for non-nuclear future | first= Richard | last= Connor | author2= Darren Mara | date= 2 May 2011 | publisher= Deutsche Welle | access-date= 2011-05-02 | archive-date= 3 September 2011 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110903135551/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,15043017,00.html | url-status= live }}

Eight nuclear power reactors in Germany were declared shutdown on 6 August 2011: Biblis A and B, Brunsbuettel, Isar 1, Kruemmel, Neckarwestheim 1, Philippsburg 1 and Unterweser.{{cite web |url=http://www.iaea.org/programmes/a2/ |title=Power Reactor Information System |author=IAEA |type=2011 Highlights |access-date=9 January 2012 |archive-date=11 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211095840/http://www.iaea.org/programmes/a2/ |url-status=live }}

{{See also|Solar power in Germany|Wind power in Germany}}

Incumbents

=Federal level=

File:Christian Wulff 2010.jpg]]

File:Angela Merkel Juli 2010 - 3zu4.jpg]]

=State level=

{{Clear}}

Events

File:Kernkraftwerke in Deutschland.png

Deaths

{{More citations needed section|date=October 2022}}

File:Bernd Eichinger (cropped).jpg]]

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File:Vicco von buelow loriot 08 2005.JPG]]

File:Mossbauer.jpg]]

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B0509-0010-006, Christa Wolf.jpg]]

File:Johannes Heesters.jpg]]

= January =

= February =

= March =

  • 19 March – Knut, 4, polar bear (b. 2006)

= April =

  • 3 April – Ulli Beier, 89, editor, writer and scholar (b. 1922)
  • 4 April – Witta Pohl, 73, actress (b. 1937)
  • 6 April – Hans Tiedge, 73, spy (b. 1937)

= May =

  • 7 May – Gunter Sachs, 78, German-Swiss photographer and art collector (b. 1932)
  • 8 May – Hans-Georg Borck, 89, military officer (b. 1921)
  • 30 May – Tillmann Uhrmacher, 44, DJ, musician and radio host (b. 1967)
  • 31 May – Hans Keilson, 101, German-Dutch author, doctor and psychoanalyst (b. 1909)

= June =

= July =

= August =

= September =

= October =

= November =

= December =

  • 1 December – Christa Wolf, 82, writer and poet (b. 1929)
  • 3 December – Heinrich Sonne, 94, Waffen-SS member (b. 1917)
  • 6 December – Barbara Orbison, 61, German-born American record producer and widow of Roy Orbison (b. 1950)
  • 11 December – Hans Heinz Holz, 84, Marxist philosopher (b. 1927)
  • 13 December – Klaus-Dieter Sieloff, 69, footballer (b. 1942)
  • 15 December – Walter Giller, 84, actor (b. 1927)
  • 21 December – Werner Otto, 102, businessman and entrepreneur (b. 1909)
  • 24 December
  • Johannes Heesters, 108, actor and singer (b. 1903) {{cite web|url=http://open.salon.com/blog/lost_in_berlin/2011/12/24/a_legend_leaves_the_stage_johannes_heesters_1903-2011 |title = A legend leaves the stage: Johannes Heesters, 1903-2011 - Alan Nothnagle - Open Salon |access-date=2014-09-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423230607/http://open.salon.com/blog/lost_in_berlin/2011/12/24/a_legend_leaves_the_stage_johannes_heesters_1903-2011 |archive-date=2013-04-23 }}
  • Walter Söhne, 98, agronomist (b. 1913)[http://sz-ms.vrsmedia-trauerportal.de/MEDIASERVER/content/LH31/obi/7003749305-1_thumb-80816ebc5d324d5380a63f79ef73f377.jpg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426075327/http://sz-ms.vrsmedia-trauerportal.de/MEDIASERVER/content/LH31/obi/7003749305-1_thumb-80816ebc5d324d5380a63f79ef73f377.jpg|date=26 April 2012}} (German)
  • 25 December – Hans-Heinrich Isenbart, 88, sports commentator (b. 1923){{Cite web|url=http://www.eurodressage.com/equestrian/2011/12/27/hans-heinrich-isenbart-passed-away|title=Eurodressage | Home|access-date=31 December 2011|archive-date=1 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201125051/http://www.eurodressage.com/equestrian/2011/12/27/hans-heinrich-isenbart-passed-away|url-status=live}}

{{Clear}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}

External links

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