2014 Atlantic hurricane season

In advance of, and during, each hurricane season, several forecasts of hurricane activity are issued by national meteorological services, scientific agencies, and noted hurricane experts. These include forecasters from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Hurricane and Climate Prediction Center, Tropical Storm Risk, the United Kingdom's Met Office, and Philip J. Klotzbach, William M. Gray and their associates at Colorado State University (CSU). The forecasts include weekly and monthly changes in significant factors that help determine the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a particular year. According to NOAA and CSU, the average Atlantic hurricane season between 1981 and 2010 contained roughly 12 tropical storms, six hurricanes, three major hurricanes, and an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index of 66–103 units. Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration or stronger intensity, such as Gonzalo, will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of {{convert|39|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Accordingly, tropical depressions are not included here. After the storm has dissipated, typically after the end of the season, the NHC reexamines the data, and produces a final report on each storm. These revisions can lead to a revised ACE total either upward or downward compared to the operational value.{{cite report|work=Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT |access-date=July 22, 2015 |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html |location=Miami, Florida |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329014406/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html |archive-date=March 29, 2014 }} NOAA typically categorizes a season as either above-average, average, or below-average based on the cumulative ACE Index, but the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a hurricane season are considered occasionally as well.

On December 13, 2013, Tropical Storm Risk (TSR), a public consortium consisting of experts on insurance, risk management, and seasonal climate forecasting at University College London, issued their first outlook on seasonal hurricane activity during the 2014 season. Their report called for a near-normal year, with 14 (±4) tropical storms, 6 (±3) hurricanes, 3 (±2) intense hurricanes, and a cumulative ACE index of 106 (±58) units. The basis for such included slightly stronger than normal trade winds and slightly warmer than normal sea surface temperatures across the Caribbean Sea and tropical North Atlantic.{{cite web|title=Extended Range Forecast for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2014|url=http://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastDec2014.pdf|work=University College London|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|access-date=December 13, 2013|author=Mark Saunders|author2=Adam Lea|date=December 12, 2013}} A few months later, on March 24, 2014, Weather Services International (WSI), a subsidiary company of The Weather Channel, released their first outlook, calling for 11 named storms, 5 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes. Two factors—cooler-than-average waters in the eastern Atlantic, and the likelihood of an El Niño developing during the summer of 2014—were expected to negate high seasonal activity.

On April 7, TSR issued their second extended-range forecast for the season, lowering the predicted numbers to 12 (±4) named storms, 5 (±3) hurricanes, 2 (±2) major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 75 (±57) units.{{cite web|title=April Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2014|url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastApr2014.pdf|work=University College London|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|access-date=April 7, 2014|author=Mark Saunders|author2=Adam Lea|date=April 7, 2014}} Three days later, CSU issued their first outlook for the year, predicting activity below the 1981–2010 average. Citing a likely El Niño of at least moderate intensity and cooler-than-average tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures, the organization predicted nine named storms, three hurricanes, one major hurricane, and an ACE index of 55 units. The probability of a major hurricane making landfall on the United States or tracking through the Caribbean Sea was expected to be lower than average.{{cite web|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2014|url=https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/Archived_Forecasts/2010s/2014-04.pdf|work=Colorado State University|publisher=Colorado State University|access-date=April 10, 2014|author=Phillip J. Klotzbach|author2=William M. Gray|date=April 10, 2014}}

On May 16, the United Kingdom Met Office (UKMO) issued a forecast of a slightly below-average season. It predicted 10 named storms with a 70% chance that the number would be between 7 and 13 and 6 hurricanes with a 70% chance that the number would be between 3 and 9. It also predicted an ACE index of 84 with a 70% chance that the index would be in the range 47 to 121. NOAA released their pre-season forecasts on May 22 and called for a 70% chance that there would be between 8 and 13 named storms, 3 to 6 hurricanes, and 1 to 2 major hurricanes. On May 29, the Florida State University Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, FSU COAPS, issued its first and only prediction for the season. The organization called for five to nine named storms, of which two to six would further intensify into hurricanes; one to two of the hurricanes would reach major hurricane intensity. In addition, an ACE index of 60 units was forecast.

In July and August, CSU, TSR, and NOAA released similar outlooks for the remainder of the season. CSU increased its prediction on July 31 to ten named storms, four hurricanes, and one major hurricane, which was unchanged from its forecast on May 23. The forecast team noted that conditions for tropical cyclogenesis appeared "detrimental", with abnormally cold sea surface temperatures, higher than average sea-level pressures, and strong vertical wind shear. TSR issued another forecast on July 5, indicated that there would be nine to fifteen named storms, four to eight hurricanes, and one to three major hurricanes, citing conditions similar to those forecast by CSU. Two days later, NOAA revised its predictions and called for seven to twelve named storms, three to six hurricanes, and zero to two major hurricanes. NOAA noted similar atmospheric and oceanic conditions, but also indicated a weaker African monsoon, a stable atmosphere, and sinking air.

{{For timeline}}

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The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 2014. It was a below average season in which nine tropical cyclones formed. Eight of the nine designated cyclones attained tropical storm status, the fewest since the 1997 Atlantic hurricane season.{{cite news|author=Brian K Sullivan|title=Snowy End to Hurricane Season That Many Never Noticed|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-11-25/snowy-end-to-hurricane-season-that-many-never-noticed|newspaper=Bloomberg Business|date=November 25, 2014|access-date=February 3, 2015}} Of the eight tropical storms, six reached at least Category 1 hurricane intensity. The 2014 season extended the period without major hurricane landfalls in the United States to nine years, with the last such system being Hurricane Wilma in 2005. The lack of activity was attributed to an atmospheric circulation that favored dry, sinking air over the Atlantic Ocean and strong wind shear over the Caribbean Sea. Additionally, sea surface temperatures were near-average.{{cite web|url=https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/the-2014-atlantic-hurricane-season-ends-with-belowaverage-activity.html|title=The 2014 Atlantic Hurricane Season Ends With Below-Average Activity|author=Jeff Masters|date=December 1, 2014|publisher=Weather Underground|access-date=September 29, 2021}} A few notable events occurred during the season. Arthur made landfall between Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras as a Category 2 hurricane, becoming the first U.S. landfalling cyclone of that intensity since Hurricane Ike in 2008.{{cite web|author=Mike Watkins|title=Arthur makes landfall as a Category 2 Hurricane|url=http://hurricanetrack.com/2014/07/03/arthur-makes-landfall-as-a-category-2-hurricane/|publisher=HurricaneTrack|work=HurricaneTrack|date=July 3, 2014|access-date=July 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709090152/http://hurricanetrack.com/2014/07/03/arthur-makes-landfall-as-a-category-2-hurricane/|archive-date=July 9, 2014|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} Arthur also became the earliest known hurricane to strike the North Carolina coastline on record, doing so on July 4.{{cite web|author=Wes Hohenstein|title=Arthur hits NC with 100 mph winds, earliest strike in NC history|url=http://www.wncn.com/story/20647515/hurricane-arthur-will-effect-the-coast-tonight-but-be-gone-for-the-weekend|publisher=WNCN News|work=WNCN News|date=July 4, 2014|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714165940/http://www.wncn.com/story/20647515/hurricane-arthur-will-effect-the-coast-tonight-but-be-gone-for-the-weekend|archive-date=July 14, 2014}} In October, Fay became the first hurricane to make landfall on Bermuda since Emily in 1987. With Gonzalo striking the island only four days later, 2014 became the first season on record in which more than one hurricane struck Bermuda. Four hurricanes and two tropical storms made landfall during the season and caused 21 deaths and at least $233 million in damage. Hurricane Cristobal also caused fatalities, though it did not strike land.{{cite news|newspaper=CBC News|date=July 9, 2014|access-date=July 10, 2014|title=Arthur power outage may have contributed to Woodstock death|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/arthur-power-outage-may-have-contributed-to-woodstock-death-1.2701077}}

• {{cite report|author=National Weather Service Office in Tallahassee, Florida|work=National Climatic Data Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=2014|access-date=December 9, 2014|title=Florida Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=516702}}
• {{cite report|author=National Weather Service Office in Newport/Morehead City, North Carolina|work=National Climatic Data Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=2014|access-date=December 9, 2014|title=North Carolina Event Report: Tropical Storm|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=536963}}
• {{cite report|work=National Climatic Data Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=2015|access-date=May 29, 2015|title=Massachusetts Event Reports: July 3–4, 2014|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=ALL&beginDate_mm=07&beginDate_dd=03&beginDate_yyyy=2014&endDate_mm=07&endDate_dd=04&endDate_yyyy=2014&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=25%2CMASSACHUSETTS}}
• {{cite news|agency=The Canadian Press|newspaper=Global News|date=November 19, 2014|access-date=December 9, 2014|title=Updated: Province to help pay for damage caused by post-tropical storm Arthur|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/1681031/new-brunswick-to-help-pay-for-damage-caused-by-post-tropical-storm-arthur/|location=Fredericton, New Brunswick}}
• {{cite news|newspaper=IRI Radio-Canada|date=July 9, 2014|access-date=July 11, 2014|title=Arthur en Haute-Gaspésie : Marsoui, Mont-Louis et les autres|url=http://ici.radio-canada.ca/regions/est-quebec/2014/07/09/001-gaspesie-haute-gaspesie-degats-arthur.shtml|language=fr}}
• {{cite report|author=Eric S. Blake|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Bertha|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL032014_Bertha}}|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 18, 2014|access-date=May 24, 2015|location=Miami, Florida|pages=2, 3|format=PDF}}
• {{cite report|author=National Weather Service Office in Jacksonville, Florida|work=National Climatic Data Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=2014|access-date=December 21, 2014|title=Florida Event Report: Rip Current|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=537888}}
• {{cite news|author=Melanie Adams|newspaper=Southern Daily Echo|date=August 11, 2014|access-date=August 14, 2014|title=Yachtsman killed after getting caught in strong winds in The Solent|url=http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/11401937.Yachtsman_killed_after_getting_caught_in_strong_winds/}}
• {{cite report|author=Richard J. Pasch|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Cristobal|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL042014_Cristobal}}|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=February 11, 2015|access-date=May 24, 2015|location=Miami, Florida|pages=2, 3|format=PDF}}
• {{cite web|author=European Commission Humanitarian Aid department|title=Bahamas – Tropical Cyclone CRISTOBAL (ECHO Daily Flash 22 August)|date=August 22, 2014|publisher=ReliefWeb|access-date=May 21, 2015|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/bahamas/bahamas-tropical-cyclone-cristobal-echo-daily-flash-22-august}}
• {{cite news|title=Cristóbal se fortalece en el Caribe; se convertiría en huracán|date=August 25, 2014|newspaper=El Economista|access-date=May 21, 2015|language=es|url=http://eleconomista.com.mx/internacional/2014/08/25/cristobal-se-fortalece-caribe-se-convertiria-huracan}}
• {{cite news|author=Scott Dance|date=August 28, 2014|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=May 21, 2015|title=Swimming restrictions in place in Ocean City as Cristobal stirs up seas, drowning Va. teen|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2014/08/28/swimming-restrictions-in-place-in-ocean-city-as-cristobal-stirs-up-seas-drowning-va-teen/}}
• {{cite news|author=Sergio Bichao|title=Teen drowns in NJ shore rip current|date=August 28, 2014|newspaper=The Delaware News Journal|access-date=May 20, 2015|url=http://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/local/2014/08/28/teen-drowns-nj-shore-rip-current/14728803/}}
• {{cite news|author=Miriam Vallejano|newspaper=Conexión Total|date=September 3, 2014|access-date=September 5, 2014|title=Deja Dolly 1 muerto, 3 comunidades aisladas y daños en Tampico Alto|url=http://conexiontotal.mx/2014/09/03/deja-dolly-1-muerto-3-comunidades-aisladas-y-danos-en-tampico-alto/|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905095949/http://conexiontotal.mx/2014/09/03/deja-dolly-1-muerto-3-comunidades-aisladas-y-danos-en-tampico-alto/|archive-date=2014-09-05|url-status=dead}}
• {{cite news|author=Armando Castillo|newspaper=La Verdad de Tamaulipas|date=September 18, 2014|access-date=September 20, 2014|title=Estiman en 80 millones daños en red carretera|url=http://laverdad.com.mx/desplegar_noticia.php?seccion=LOCAL¬a=182159|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042353/http://laverdad.com.mx/desplegar_noticia.php?seccion=LOCAL¬a=182159|archive-date=2014-09-24|url-status=dead}}
• {{cite news|newspaper=Milenio|date=September 12, 2014|access-date=September 20, 2014|title=Estiman en 7 mdp daños en El Mante por "Dolly"|url=http://www.milenio.com/region/Dolly-Mante-danos_por_Dolly_0_371362933.html|language=es}}
• {{cite report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL072014_Fay}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Fay|author=Todd B. Kimberlain|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 17, 2014|access-date=May 24, 2015|location=Miami, Florida|format=PDF}}
• {{cite report|author=Daniel P. Brown|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Gonzalo|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL082014_Gonzalo}}|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 20, 2015|access-date=January 21, 2015|location=Miami, Florida|pages=2, 3|format=PDF}}
• {{cite news|agency=Associated Press|title=Hurricane Gonzalo strengthens, threatens Bermuda|date=October 14, 2014|newspaper=CBC News|access-date=October 14, 2014|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/hurricane-gonzalo-strengthens-threatens-bermuda-1.2797631}} The Atlantic hurricane season officially ended on November 30, 2014.

Tropical cyclogenesis commenced with the development of Arthur on July 1. The system intensified into the first hurricane of the year early on July 3. Both events occurred ahead of the respective long-term climatological average date: July 9 for first named storm, and August 10 for first hurricane.{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Climatology|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/climo/#bac|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=May 23, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}} Later that month, a tropical depression developed over the eastern Atlantic, but dissipated after only two days. There were also two tropical cyclones in August, with the development of hurricanes Bertha and Cristobal. Despite being the climatological peak of hurricane season, only two additional systems originated in September – Tropical Storm Dolly and Hurricane Edouard. In October, three storms developed, including hurricane Fay and Gonzalo and Tropical Storm Hanna.{{cite web|url={{NHC TCR url|id=summary_atlc_2014}}|title=2014 Atlantic Hurricane Season|author=Richard J. Pasch|date=May 1, 2015|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=July 22, 2015|location=Miami, Florida}} The most intense tropical cyclone – Hurricane Gonzalo – peaked with maximum sustained winds of {{convert|145|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} on October 16 which is a Category 4 on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. It was the first Category 4 hurricane since Hurricane Ophelia in 2011.{{cite web|author=John P. Cangialosi|date=October 15, 2014|title=Hurricane Gonzalo Discussion Number 13|publisher=National Hurricane Center|location=Miami, Florida|access-date=October 15, 2014|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2014/al08/al082014.discus.013.shtml}} The final tropical cyclone of the season was Hanna, which dissipated on October 28.

The season's activity was reflected with an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) rating of 67. This was nearly double that of the previous season, but still well below the 1981–2010 median of 92. The ACE value in October was higher than August and September combined, which has not occurred since 1963.

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

| Basin=Atl

| Image=Arthur 2014-07-03 2130Z.png

| Track=Arthur 2014 path.png

| Formed=July 1

| Dissipated=July 5

| 1-min winds=85

| Pressure=973

}}

{{main|Hurricane Arthur}}

On June 25, a low-pressure area formed within a mesoscale convective complex over the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. After crossing Georgia and South Carolina, it became absorbed by a weak frontal boundary that drifted south-southeastward. An area of low pressure developed off the Southeast United States by June 28, eventually leading to the formation of a tropical depression by 00:00 UTC on July 1. Amid a generally favorable environment, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Arthur at 12:00 UTC that same day and further to a Category 1 hurricane by 00:00 UTC on July 3. An approaching mid-level trough directed the storm north-northeastward as it continued to intensify, and Arthur reached its peak as a Category 2 hurricane with winds of {{convert|100|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} at 00:00 UTC on July 4. A few hours later, it moved ashore just west of Cape Lookout, North Carolina, becoming the earliest landfalling hurricane on record in the state. Following landfall, Arthur accelerated northeast across the western Atlantic while encountering an increasingly unfavorable environment, weakening to a tropical storm at 06:00 UTC on July 5 and transitioning into an extratropical cyclone six hours later. The post-tropical low eventually dissipated east of Labrador late on July 9.{{cite report|author=Robbie J. Berg|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Arthur|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL012014_Arthur}}|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=April 20, 2015|access-date=May 25, 2015|pages=2, 3|location=Miami, Florida|format=PDF}}

As a developing tropical cyclone, Arthur produced light rainfall across the northwestern Bahamas.{{cite web|publisher=Weather Underground|date=June 30, 2014|access-date=September 29, 2021|title=Weather History for Freeport, Bahamas: June 30, 2014|url=http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/MYGF/2014/6/30/DailyHistory.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714193401/http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/MYGF/2014/6/30/DailyHistory.html|archive-date=July 14, 2014}}{{cite web|publisher=Weather Underground|date=July 1, 2014|access-date=September 29, 2021|title=Weather History for Freeport, Bahamas: July 1, 2014|url=http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/MYGF/2014/7/1/DailyHistory.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714142510/http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/MYGF/2014/7/1/DailyHistory.html|archive-date=July 14, 2014}} Maximum sustained winds peaked at {{convert|77|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, with a peak gust of {{convert|101|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, at Cape Lookout,{{cite web|author=Jack L. Beven|author2=Eric S. Blake|title=Hurricane Arthur Tropical Cyclone Update|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2014/al01/al012014.update.07040328.shtml|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=July 3, 2014|access-date=August 25, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}} and Oregon Inlet recorded a peak storm surge of 4.5 ft (1.4 m).{{cite web|publisher=Newport/Morehead, North Carolina National Weather Service|date=July 8, 2014|access-date=August 10, 2014|title=Post Tropical Cyclone Report for Hurricane Arthur|url=http://www.weather.gov/mhx/Arthur}} At its height, Arthur knocked out power to 44,000 people in North Carolina, triggering Duke Energy to deploy over 500 personnel to restore electricity.{{cite news|author=Alexander Smith|title=Hurricane Arthur Makes East Coast Landfall, 44,000 Without Power|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/hurricane-arthur/hurricane-arthur-makes-east-coast-landfall-44-000-without-power-n148146|access-date=July 4, 2014|newspaper=NBC News|date=July 4, 2014}} Widespread rainfall totals of 6–8 in (150–200 mm) led to the inundation of numerous buildings in Manteo.{{cite news|author=David Zucchino|title=Hurricane Arthur heads north, out to sea after hitting North Carolina|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-hurricane-arthur-moving-north-20140704-story.html|access-date=July 4, 2014|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=July 4, 2014}} As the storm passed offshore New England, sustained winds of {{convert|47|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and gusts up to {{convert|63|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} were observed. Observed rainfall totals over a half foot required the issuance of a flash flood emergency for New Bedford, Massachusetts, while several roads were shut down in surrounding locations.{{cite news|title=Hurricane Arthur Causes Flooding On Cape Cod, South Coast|url=http://boston.cbslocal.com/2014/07/04/flash-flood-emergency-in-new-bedford-as-hurricane-arthur-approaches/|access-date=July 4, 2014|newspaper=CBS Boston|date=July 4, 2014}} After transitioning into an extratropical cyclone, Arthur knocked out power to more than 290,000 individuals across the Maritimes,{{cite report|work=Canadian Hurricane Center |publisher=Environment Canada |date=July 6, 2014 |access-date=July 6, 2014 |title=Intermediate Tropical Cyclone Information Statement for Post-Tropical Cyclone Arthur |url=http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/bulletins/20140706193249.Arthur.info.txt.en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714200349/http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/bulletins/20140706193249.Arthur.info.txt.en |archive-date=July 14, 2014 }} with damage to the electrical grid considered the worst since Hurricane Juan in Nova Scotia.{{cite news|publisher=CBC News|date=July 7, 2014|access-date=July 10, 2014|title=Storm Arthur damage 'as bad as Hurricane Juan'|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/storm-arthur-damage-as-bad-as-hurricane-juan-1.2698380}} One person died after his oxygen support was cut off during a power outage.{{cite news|newspaper=CBC News|date=July 9, 2014|access-date=July 10, 2014|title=Arthur power outage may have contributed to Woodstock death|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/arthur-power-outage-may-have-contributed-to-woodstock-death-1.2701077}} Hurricane-force gusts were observed in Nova Scotia, with tropical storm-force winds observed as far away as Quebec. Overall, Arthur caused at least $28.6 million in damage.{{cite report|author=National Weather Service Office in Tallahassee, Florida|work=National Climatic Data Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=2014|access-date=December 9, 2014|title=Florida Event Report: Thunderstorm Wind|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=516702}}{{cite report|author=National Weather Service Office in Newport/Morehead City, North Carolina|work=National Climatic Data Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=2014|access-date=December 9, 2014|title=North Carolina Event Report: Tropical Storm|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=536963}}{{cite report|work=National Climatic Data Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=2015|access-date=May 29, 2015|title=Massachusetts Event Reports: July 3–4, 2014|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=ALL&beginDate_mm=07&beginDate_dd=03&beginDate_yyyy=2014&endDate_mm=07&endDate_dd=04&endDate_yyyy=2014&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=25%2CMASSACHUSETTS}}{{cite news|newspaper=IRI Radio-Canada|date=July 9, 2014|access-date=July 11, 2014|title=Arthur en Haute-Gaspésie : Marsoui, Mont-Louis et les autres|url=http://ici.radio-canada.ca/regions/est-quebec/2014/07/09/001-gaspesie-haute-gaspesie-degats-arthur.shtml|language=fr}}{{cite web|publisher=CBC News|date=December 3, 2014|access-date=December 9, 2014|title=Storm Arthur's cost for NB Power estimated at $23M|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/storm-arthur-s-cost-for-nb-power-estimated-at-23m-1.2858540}}

{{clear}}

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

| Basin=Atl

| Image=02L Jul 21 2014 1555Z.jpg

| Track=02-L 2014 path.png

| Formed=July 21

| Dissipated=July 23

| 1-min winds=30

| Pressure=1012

}}

A tropical wave emerged off the western coast of Africa on July 17. Steered westward, a small area of low pressure developed in association with the wave two days later. Convection steadily increased and organized, leading to the formation of a tropical depression by 12:00 UTC on July 21. The depression failed to intensify into a tropical storm amid an exceptionally dry and stable environment and instead degenerated into a trough by 18:00 UTC on July 23 while located east of the Lesser Antilles.{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Two|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL022014_Two}}|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=September 24, 2014|access-date=January 14, 2015|location=Miami, Florida|format=PDF}}

{{clear}}

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

| Basin=Atl

| Image=Bertha Aug 4 2014 1750Z.jpg

| Track=Bertha 2014 path.png

| Formed=August 1

| Dissipated=August 6

| 1-min winds=70

| Pressure=998

}}

{{Main|Hurricane Bertha (2014)}}

On August 1, a tropical wave developed into Tropical Storm Bertha while roughly {{convert|345|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} east-southeast of Barbados. A mostly disorganized cyclone, Bertha quickly moved across the Lesser Antilles, clipping the northern end of Martinique, later that day. During its trek across the eastern Caribbean Sea, its circulation became severely disrupted and it may have degenerated into a tropical wave. On August 3, it traversed the Mona Passage and moved over the Southeastern Bahamas where conditions favored development. Despite an overall ragged appearance on satellite imagery, data from hurricane hunters indicated it intensified to a hurricane on August 4; it acquired peak winds of {{convert|80|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} that day. Turning north, and later northeast, Bertha soon weakened as it began to merge with an approaching trough to the west. This merger ultimately took place on August 6, at which time Bertha was declared extratropical well to the south of Nova Scotia.{{cite report|author=Eric S. Blake|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Bertha|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL032014_Bertha}}|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 18, 2014|access-date=May 24, 2015|location=Miami, Florida|pages=2, 3|format=PDF}}

As a tropical cyclone, Bertha's impact was relatively minor. In the Lesser Antilles, widespread power outages occurred along its path but no major damage or loss of life took place. Enhanced swells and rip currents associated with the hurricane resulted in three fatalities and dozens of rescues along the East Coast of the United States.{{cite web|author=National Weather Service Office in Jacksonville, Florida|work=National Climatic Data Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=2014|access-date=December 21, 2014|title=Florida Event Report: Rip Current|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=537888}}{{cite news|author=Ann Richardson |newspaper=Ocean City Gazette |date=August 6, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2014 |title=OCBP warns of rip currents from Bertha |url=http://www.shorenewstoday.com/snt/news/index.php/ocean-city-general-news/55415-ocbp-warns-of-rip-currents-from-bertha.html |location=Ocean City, New Jersey |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813235123/http://www.shorenewstoday.com/snt/news/index.php/ocean-city-general-news/55415-ocbp-warns-of-rip-currents-from-bertha.html |archive-date=August 13, 2014 }} After becoming an extratropical system, it had significant effects in Western Europe, with the United Kingdom being particularly hard hit. Unseasonably heavy rains triggered widespread flooding which shut down roads and prompted evacuations.{{cite news|newspaper=British Broadcasting Company |date=August 11, 2014 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |title=Parts of Scotland affected by ex-hurricane Bertha |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-28739164 |archive-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811225219/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-28739164 |url-status=live }} One fatality took place offshore after a man suffered a fatal head injury on his yacht amid rough seas.{{cite news|author=Melanie Adams|newspaper=Southern Daily Echo|date=August 11, 2014|access-date=August 14, 2014|title=Yachtsman killed after getting caught in strong winds in The Solent|url=http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/11401937.Yachtsman_killed_after_getting_caught_in_strong_winds/}} On mainland Europe, a small tornado outbreak resulted in scattered structural damage in Belgium, France, and Germany.{{cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/hurricane-bertha-mini-tornado-rips-4034236|title=Hurricane Bertha: Mini TORNADO rips through Hull as resident is injured by shattered swirling glass|date=August 10, 2014|access-date=August 12, 2014}}

{{clear}}

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

| Basin=Atl

| Image=Cristobal Aug 28 2014 1530Z.jpg

| Track=Cristobal 2014 path.png

| Formed=August 23

| Dissipated=August 29

| 1-min winds=75

| Pressure=965

}}

{{main|Hurricane Cristobal}}

A tropical wave and attendant region of convection developed into a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC on August 23 while located near Mayaguana in the Bahamas; twelve hours later, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Cristobal. The newly formed cyclone turned northward following formation, directed toward a break in a subtropical ridge. Although located in an unfavorable environment, Cristobal steadily intensified and was upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane at 00:00 UTC on August 26 despite a partially exposed circulation and disorganized cloud pattern. As the hurricane turned east-northeastward the following day, its cloud pattern became much more symmetric and an eye became evident, yielding peak winds of {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. Thereafter, a frontal boundary wrapped around the storm's circulation, transitioning the system into an extratropical cyclone by 12:00 UTC on August 29. The post-tropical low maintained hurricane-force winds while accelerating across the North Atlantic, finally merging with a second extratropical low north of Iceland by September 2.{{cite report|author=Richard J. Pasch|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Cristobal|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL042014_Cristobal}}|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=February 11, 2015|access-date=May 24, 2015|location=Miami, Florida|pages=2, 3|format=PDF}}

The precursor of Cristobal and the storm itself dropped heavy precipitation on Puerto Rico, with 13.21 in (336 mm) of rain observed in the municipality of Tibes, bring drought relief to the island.{{cite journal|pages=388–389 |author=National Climatic Data Center |title=August 2014 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena |date=August 2014 |volume=56 |number=8 |journal=Storm Data |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=May 21, 2015 |url=http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-7A3F9805-30CD-4CCF-9E02-9DF2B051688C.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6YhNFgRdM?url=http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-7A3F9805-30CD-4CCF-9E02-9DF2B051688C.pdf |archive-date=May 21, 2015 }} The storm downed many trees and power lines and left more than 23,500 people without power and 8,720 without water.{{cite news|title=Mejoran las condiciones del tiempo|date=August 24, 2014|newspaper=El Nuevo Día|access-date=July 26, 2015|language=es|url=http://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/locales/nota/mejoranlascondicionesdeltiempo-1840139/}} In Dominican Republic, large amounts of rainfall left several communities isolated, flooded at least 800 homes,{{cite news|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=August 24, 2014|newspaper=ReliefWeb|title=One missing, 4,000 displaced by storm in Dominican Republic|access-date=September 29, 2021|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/dominican-republic/one-missing-4000-displaced-storm-dominican-republic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208055222/https://reliefweb.int/report/dominican-republic/one-missing-4000-displaced-storm-dominican-republic|archive-date=December 8, 2015}} and killed two people. Thousands of people were evacuated from their homes. In Haiti, mudslides and flooding rendered 640 families homeless and destroyed or severely damaged at least 34 homes. Two people who went missing were later presumed to have drowned.{{cite news|title=Cristobal Strengthens Into A Hurricane, Kills Four People In Haiti And Dominican Republic|date=August 26, 2014|newspaper=Fox News Latino|access-date=May 21, 2015|url=http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2014/08/26/cristobal-strengthens-into-hurricane-after-wrecking-havoc-on-dominican-republic/}} In the Turks and Caicos Islands, the storm produced over {{convert|10|in|mm|abbr=on}} of precipitation on various islands. The international airport on Providenciales briefly closed due to flooding, where one drowning death occurred. Portions of North Caicos were inundated with up to 5 ft (1.5 m) of water.{{cite web|title=Hurricane Cristobal Kills 5 in the Caribbean, Moves North|url=http://www.wunderground.com/news/cristobal-news-update-20140826|publisher=Weather Underground|access-date=27 August 2014|date=26 August 2014}} Along the East Coast of the United States, rip currents resulted in two deaths, one each in Maryland and New Jersey.{{cite news|author=Scott Dance|date=August 28, 2014|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=July 26, 2015|title=Swimming restrictions in place in Ocean City as Cristobal stirs up seas, drowning Va. teen|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2014/08/28/swimming-restrictions-in-place-in-ocean-city-as-cristobal-stirs-up-seas-drowning-va-teen/}}{{cite news|author=Sergio Bichao|title=Teen drowns in NJ shore rip current|date=August 28, 2014|newspaper=The Delaware News Journal|access-date=July 26, 2015|url=http://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/local/2014/08/28/teen-drowns-nj-shore-rip-current/14728803/}}

{{clear}}

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

| Basin=Atl

| Image=Dolly Sept 02 2014 1730Z.jpg

| Track=Dolly 2014 path.png

| Formed=September 1

| Dissipated=September 3

| 1-min winds=45

| Pressure=1000

}}

{{Main|Tropical Storm Dolly (2014)}}

An area of low pressure interacted with an atmospheric Kelvin wave, leading to the formation of a tropical depression in the Bay of Campeche at 18:00 UTC on August 31. Six hours later, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Dolly. Steered generally westward by a mid-level ridge to its north, the cyclone struggled with strong wind shear and reached peak winds of {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} at 12:00 UTC on September 2. At 04:00 UTC the next day, Dolly moved ashore just south of Tampico, Mexico, with winds of {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. Following landfall, the mountainous terrain of eastern Mexico quickly caused the cyclone to degenerate into a remnant low at 12:00 UTC on September 3. The post-tropical low continued westward prior to dissipating the next day.{{cite report|author=John L. Beven II|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Dolly|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL052014_Dolly}}|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 28, 2015|access-date=May 24, 2015|location=Miami, Florida|pages=2, 3|format=PDF}}

Heavy rains from the storm triggered flooding that temporarily isolated three communities in Tampico. One fatality was attributed to the storm. The hardest hit area was Cabo Rojo where 210 homes were affected, 80 of which sustained damage.{{cite web|author=Miriam Vallejano|publisher=Conexión Total|date=September 3, 2014|access-date=September 5, 2014|title=Deja Dolly 1 muerto, 3 comunidades aisladas y daños en Tampico Alto|url=http://conexiontotal.mx/2014/09/03/deja-dolly-1-muerto-3-comunidades-aisladas-y-danos-en-tampico-alto/|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905095949/http://conexiontotal.mx/2014/09/03/deja-dolly-1-muerto-3-comunidades-aisladas-y-danos-en-tampico-alto/|archive-date=2014-09-05|url-status=dead}} Total losses to the road network in Tamaulipas reached 80 million pesos (US$6 million),{{cite web|author=Armando Castillo|publisher=La Verdad de Tamaulipas|date=September 18, 2014|access-date=September 20, 2014|title=Estiman en 80 millones daños en red carretera|url=http://laverdad.com.mx/desplegar_noticia.php?seccion=LOCAL¬a=182159|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042353/http://laverdad.com.mx/desplegar_noticia.php?seccion=LOCAL¬a=182159|archive-date=2014-09-24|url-status=dead}} while structural damage amounted to 7 million pesos (US$500,000).{{cite web|publisher=Milenio|date=September 12, 2014|access-date=September 20, 2014|title=Estiman en 7 mdp daños en El Mante por "Dolly"|url=http://www.milenio.com/region/Dolly-Mante-danos_por_Dolly_0_371362933.html|language=es}} In Texas, more than {{convert|2|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rain fell in Brownsville, causing street flooding.{{cite web|author=Matt McGovern|publisher=KGNS|date=September 4, 2014|access-date=June 2, 2015|title=Dolly causes flooding in Brownsville|location=Brownsville, Texas|url=http://www.kgns.tv/news/headlines/Dolly-causes-flooding-in-Brownsville-273941271.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602231523/http://www.kgns.tv/news/headlines/Dolly-causes-flooding-in-Brownsville-273941271.html|archive-date=2015-06-02|url-status=dead}} Two Mexican fishing vessels ran aground in the Port of Brownsville and a third on South Padre Island. The United States Coast Guard attributed the mishaps to the sudden influx of numerous ships.{{cite web|author=Ty Johnson|publisher=The Monitor|date=September 3, 2014|access-date=June 2, 2015|title= Vessels run aground, take refuge from Dolly |url=http://www.themonitor.com/news/local/vessels-run-aground-take-refuge-from-dolly/article_1792deac-33de-11e4-8ff2-001a4bcf6878.html}}

{{clear}}

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=Atl

|Formed=September 11

|Dissipated=September 19

|Image=Edouard 2014-09-16 1215Z.png

|Track=Edouard 2014 path.png

|1-min winds=105

|Pressure=955

}}

A tropical wave accompanied by a broad area of low pressure exited the western coast of Africa on September 6, acquiring sufficient organization to be declared a tropical depression by 12:00 UTC on September 11. Twelve hours later, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Edouard. The newly formed cyclone moved northwest, steered around a subtropical ridge to its northeast. The storm intensified in a generally favorable environment and became a hurricane by 12:00 UTC on September 14. With a well-defined eye surrounded by intense eyewall convection, Edouard further strengthened into a major hurricane early on September 16, attaining peak winds of {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} at 12:00 UTC, the first major hurricane in the Atlantic since Hurricane Sandy in 2012. The cyclone abruptly weakened thereafter as it curved northeastward in advance of an upper-level trough, falling below hurricane intensity by 00:00 UTC on September 19 and degenerating into a remnant low eighteen hours later. The remnant low moved generally southward, merging with a frontal boundary well south-southwest of the Azores on September 21.{{cite report|author=Stacy R. Stewart|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Edouard|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL062014_Edouard}}|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 10, 2014|access-date=May 24, 2015|location=Miami, Florida|pages=2, 3|format=PDF}}

Though Edouard remained well away from land throughout its existence, large swells and dangerous rip currents affected much of the East Coast of the United States. Rip current warnings were issued on September 17 for Duval, Flagler, Nassau, and St. Johns counties in Florida and Camden and Glynn counties in Georgia.{{cite web|author=Hailey Winslow|publisher=News4Jax|date=September 17, 2014|access-date=September 17, 2014|title=Beachgoers warned of high risk of rip currents|url=http://www.news4jax.com/news/beachgoers-warned-of-high-risk-of-rip-currents/28101402|location=Jacksonville, Florida}} Waves in the area were forecast to reach {{convert|3|to|4|ft|m|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|author=Dinah Voyles Pulver|publisher=The Daytona Beach News-Journal|date=September 15, 2014|access-date=September 17, 2014|title=Hurricane may bring good waves to Volusia, Flagler|url=http://www.news-journalonline.com/article/20140915/NEWS/140919592?Title=Hurricane-may-bring-good-waves-to-Volusia-Flagler}} On September 17, two men drowned off the coast of Ocean City, Maryland, due to strong rip currents.{{cite web|publisher=NBC4 Washington|date=September 18, 2014|access-date=September 18, 2014|title=Strong Rip Currents Kill Two Men in Ocean City|url=http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/Strong-Rip-Currents-Kill-Two-Men-in-Ocean-City-275640531.html}} The Bermuda Weather Service noted the hurricane as a "potential threat"; however, Edouard remained several hundred miles away from the islands.{{cite web|publisher=Bernews|date=September 15, 2014|access-date=September 17, 2014|title=BWS: Hurricane Edouard Is "Potential Threat"|url=http://bernews.com/2014/09/tropical-storm-edouard-is-potential-threat/}}

On September 16, several uncrewed drones designed by NOAA were launched by Hurricane Hunter aircraft while investigating Edouard. This marked the first time that drones were used in such a manner by NOAA. Unlike the crewed aircraft, the drones were able to fly to the lower-levels of hurricanes and investigate the more dangerous areas near the surface.{{cite web|agency=Associated Press|publisher=WNCN|date=September 16, 2014|access-date=September 17, 2014|title=Research drones launched into Hurricane Edouard|url=http://www.wncn.com/story/26551602/research-drones-launched-into-hurricane-edouard|location=Miami, Florida|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017210316/http://www.wncn.com/story/26551602/research-drones-launched-into-hurricane-edouard|archive-date=October 17, 2014}} Additionally, a NASA-operated Global Hawk flew into the storm, equipped with two experimental instruments: the Scanning High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (S-HIS) and Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL). The S-HIS provided measurements of temperature and relative humidity while the CPL was for studying aerosols and the structure of cloud layers within hurricanes.{{cite web|author=Rob Gutro|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|date=September 17, 2014|access-date=September 17, 2014|title=Edouard (was TD6 – Atlantic Ocean)|url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/td6-atlantic-ocean/#.VBn4Fed_p99}}

{{clear}}

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=Atl

|Image=Fay Oct 12 2014 1455Z.jpg

|Track=Fay 2014 path.png

|Formed=October 10

|Dissipated=October 13

|1-min winds=70

|Pressure=983

}}

{{main|Hurricane Fay}}

A low-level disturbance was designated as Subtropical Storm Fay at 06:00 UTC on October 10 while located about {{convert|615|mi|km|abbr=on}} south of Bermuda. Directed north-northwestward around a mid-level ridge across the central Atlantic, the system became dislocated from a cold-core low, allowing for a subsequent transition into a fully tropical storm by early on October 11. Fay continued to strengthen in spite of excessively strong wind shear as it accelerated north-northeast, becoming a hurricane as it approached Bermuda the next morning. With an asymmetric cloud pattern, the hurricane reached peak winds of {{convert|80|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} and made landfall on the island at 08:10 UTC on October 12. An approaching shortwave further turned the system to the east-northeast while also acting to increase wind shear, causing Fay to begin weakening. It fell below hurricane intensity on October 12 and degenerated into an open trough by 06:00 UTC on October 13.{{cite report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL072014_Fay}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Fay|author=Todd B. Kimberlain|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 17, 2014|access-date=May 24, 2015|location=Miami, Florida|format=PDF}}

A few tropical cyclone warnings and watches were issued in anticipation of Fay's impact on Bermuda. Public schools were closed in advance of the storm.{{cite news|first1=Raymond|last1= Hainey|first2= Jonathan|last2= Bell|first3= Simon|last3= Jones|title=Island counts cost of Fay's fury|date=October 13, 2014|newspaper=The Royal Gazette|access-date=October 16, 2014|url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20141013/NEWS/141019923|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015035234/http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20141013/NEWS/141019923|archive-date=October 15, 2014}} Despite its modest strength, Fay produced relatively extensive damage on Bermuda. Winds gusting over {{convert|80|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} clogged roadways with downed trees and power poles, and left a majority of the island's electricity customers without power. The terminal building at L.F. Wade International Airport was severely flooded after the storm compromised its roof and sprinkler system. Immediately after the storm, 200 Bermuda Regiment soldiers were called to clear debris and assist in initial damage repairs.{{cite news|author=Olivia Demarinis|title=Hurricane Takes Aim at Bermuda|date=October 15, 2014|newspaper=Latin Post|access-date=October 16, 2014|url=http://www.latinpost.com/articles/23747/20141015/hurricane-gonzalo-storm-path-and-update-hurricane-takes-aim-at-bermuda.htm}} Cleanup efforts overlapped with preparations for the approach of the stronger Hurricane Gonzalo. There were concerns that debris from Fay could become airborne during Gonzalo and exacerbate future destruction.{{cite news|title=Major Hurricane Gonzalo Targets Bermuda After Killing 1 in St. Maarten, Injuring 12 Others in Antigua|date=October 15, 2014|newspaper=The Weather Channel|access-date=October 15, 2014|url=http://www.weather.com/news/weather-hurricanes/major-hurricane-gonzalo-bermuda-st-maarten-antigua-20141015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104040605/http://www.weather.com/news/weather-hurricanes/major-hurricane-gonzalo-bermuda-st-maarten-antigua-20141015|archive-date=November 4, 2014}} Overall, it is estimated that the hurricane left at least $3.8 million in damage.

{{clear}}

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=Atl

|Image=Gonzalo 2014-10-16 1215Z.png

|Track=Gonzalo 2014 path.png

|Formed=October 12

|Dissipated=October 19

|1-min winds=125

|Pressure=940

}}

{{main|Hurricane Gonzalo}}

A tropical depression formed about {{convert|390|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} east of the Leeward Islands by 00:00 UTC on October 12 from a tropical wave that emerged off Africa on October 4. Twelve hours later, it intensified into Tropical Storm Gonzalo. Steered west and eventually west-northwest, the cyclone rapidly intensified amid favorable atmospheric dynamics, becoming a minimal hurricane by 12:00 UTC on October 13. After curving northwest and emerging into the southwestern Atlantic, Gonzalo continued its period of rapid intensification, becoming a major hurricane by 18:00 UTC on October 14 and a Category 4 hurricane six hours later. The hurricane underwent an eyewall replacement cycle the next day, but ultimately attained peak winds of {{convert|145|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} and a minimum barometric pressure of {{convert|940|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}} by 12:00 UTC on October 16. Late that afternoon, the effects of a second eyewall replacement cycle, cooler waters, and increased shear caused the storm to begin a steady weakening trend as it accelerated north-northeast ahead of an approaching trough. Gonzalo weakened below major hurricane intensity by 00:00 UTC on October 18 and made landfall on Bermuda with winds of {{convert|110|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} six hours later. The cyclone continued north-northeast, transitioning into an extratropical cyclone by 18:00 UTC on October 19 while located roughly {{convert|460|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} northeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland. The extratropical cyclone turned east-northeast and was absorbed by a cold front early on October 20.{{cite report|author=Daniel P. Brown|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Gonzalo|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL082014_Gonzalo}}|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 20, 2015|access-date=January 21, 2015|location=Miami, Florida|pages=2, 3|format=PDF}}

Widespread impact was observed across the northeastern Caribbean Sea as Gonzalo moved through the region. Sustained winds of {{convert|67|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, with gusts to {{convert|88|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, were observed on Antigua,{{cite web|author=Stacy R. Stewart|title=Tropical Storm Gonzalo Discussion Number 5|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2014/al08/al082014.discus.005.shtml|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=October 13, 2014|access-date=January 21, 2015|location=Miami, Florida}} where downed trees blocked roads and damaged houses. Numerous fishing boats were destroyed and the island was subject to a widespread power outage.{{cite web|title=Antigua residents clean up after Gonzalo brings heavy flooding, high winds|url=http://www.caribbean360.com/news/antigua-residents-clean-up-after-gonzalo-brings-heavy-flooding-high-winds|publisher=Caribbean 360|work=Caribbean Media Corporation|date=October 14, 2014|access-date=January 21, 2015|location=St. Johns, Antigua|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016004126/http://www.caribbean360.com/news/antigua-residents-clean-up-after-gonzalo-brings-heavy-flooding-high-winds|archive-date=October 16, 2014}} On Saint Martin, 37 docked boats were destroyed and the airport recorded sustained winds of {{convert|55|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} with gusts to {{convert|94|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|title=Hurricane Gonzalo strengthens, threatens Bermuda|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/hurricane-gonzalo-strengthens-threatens-bermuda-1.2797631|publisher=CBC News|agency=The Associated Press|date=October 14, 2014|access-date=January 21, 2015}}{{cite web|title=Gonzalo exacts a heavy toll on boats, boat owners|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&id=50793:gonzalo-exacts-a-heavy-toll-on-boats-boat-owners&Itemid=54|publisher=The Daily Herald|work=The Daily Herald|date=October 14, 2014|access-date=January 21, 2015|location=Marigot, St. Martin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122061134/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&id=50793:gonzalo-exacts-a-heavy-toll-on-boats-boat-owners&Itemid=54|archive-date=January 22, 2015}} As Gonzalo made landfall on Bermuda, L.F. Wade International Airport recorded sustained winds of {{convert|93|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and gusts up to {{convert|113|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}; an elevated observing station at St. Davids reported a peak gust of {{convert|144|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|author=Stacy R. Stewart|title=Hurricane Gonzalo Tropical Cyclone Update|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2014/al08/al082014.update.10180357.shtml|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=October 18, 2014|access-date=January 21, 2015|location=Miami, Florida}} At the height of the storm about 86% of electricity customers on the island lost power.{{cite news|author=The Royal Gazette staff|title=Belco restoration: 13,022 without power at 9pm|url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20141018/NEWS/141019704|newspaper=The Royal Gazette|date=October 18, 2014|access-date=January 21, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019052208/http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20141018/NEWS/141019704|archive-date=October 19, 2014}} Multiple buildings suffered roof damage, and downed trees and power lines prevented travel across the island.{{cite news|author=The Royal Gazette staff|title=Roads blocked and serious damage Island-wide|url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20141018/NEWS/141019705|newspaper=The Royal Gazette|date=October 18, 2014|access-date=January 21, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906203327/http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20141018/NEWS/141019705|archive-date=September 6, 2020}} On Bermuda alone, the storm left at least $200 million in damage. After transitioning into an extratropical cyclone, Gonzalo delivered strong winds to Newfoundland, with gusts peaking at {{convert|66|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} at Cape Pine.{{cite web|author=Jeffrey Masters |title=Gonzalo Brushes Newfoundland; Ana Drenching Hawaii |url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=2835 |publisher=Weather Underground |work=Weather Underground |date=October 19, 2014 |access-date=January 21, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716212239/http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=2835 |archive-date=July 16, 2015 }} Approximately 100 households lost power, while heavy rain caused localized urban flooding in St. Johns.{{cite news|title=Hurricane Gonzalo douses Newfoundland, moves offshore|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/hurricane-gonzalo-douses-newfoundland-moves-offshore-1.2804953|newspaper=CBC News|date=October 19, 2014|access-date=January 21, 2015}}

Extratropical Gonzalo was absorbed by a cold front several hundred nautical miles south-southwest of Iceland on October 20. The storm complex incorporating Gonzalo's remnants generated heavy rain and wind gusts between {{cvt|50-70|mph}} in Ireland and the United Kingdom; trees were downed, transportation was disrupted, and one fatality was reported. The storm also produced widespread heavy snow across Germany, France, Switzerland, and Austria.{{cite news|last=Samenow|first=Jason|title=Gonzalo's final blow: Strong winds, heavy rain, and snow in Europe (PHOTOS)|date=October 22, 2014|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2014/10/22/gonzalos-final-blow-strong-winds-heavy-rain-and-snow-in-europe-photos/|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=July 21, 2021}} The system later contributed to torrential rains over the Balkans, which resulted in severe flooding in Greece and Bulgaria.{{cite report|title=Ex-Hurrikan "Gonzalo"|date=October 27, 2014|publisher=Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung|language=de|access-date=May 17, 2015|url=http://www.wettergefahren-fruehwarnung.de/Ereignis/20141027_e.html}}{{cite news|agency=Agence France-Presse|title=Greece hit by heavy flooding|date=October 25, 2014|newspaper=Yahoo! News|access-date=May 17, 2015|url=https://news.yahoo.com/greece-hit-heavy-flooding-185138807.html}}

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{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=Atl

|Image=Hanna Oct 27 2014 1600Z.jpg

|Track=Hanna 2014 path.png

|Formed=October 22

|Dissipated=October 28

|1-min winds=35

|Pressure=1000

}}

On October 19, the remnants of Tropical Storm Trudy emerged over the Bay of Campeche, after losing its low-level circulation over the mountainous terrain of Mexico. Moving slowly eastward, the system redeveloped a new surface circulation on October 21, becoming a tropical depression on the next day about {{convert|175|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} west of Campeche, Mexico. A reconnaissance aircraft flight measured a central pressure of 1000 mbar (hPa; {{convert|1000|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}) upon its formation, the lowest in relation to the depression. Increasing wind shear and dry air intrusion soon caused the depression to degrade into a remnant low early on October 23 before moving inland over the southwestern Yucatán Peninsula. After crossing the southern Yucatán and northern Belize, the low emerged over the northwestern Caribbean Sea on October 24. Hostile conditions from a nearby frontal boundary ultimately caused the system to degrade into a trough and become entangled within the front.{{cite report|author=John P. Cangialosi|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=December 16, 2014|access-date=December 17, 2014|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Hanna|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL092014_Hanna}}|format=PDF|location=Miami, Florida}}

Subsequent weakening of the frontal system on October 26 allowed the depression's remnants to become better defined as they moved southeast and later southward. The system regained a closed circulation by 12:00 UTC that day as it began turning west. Following the development of deep convection the system regenerated into a tropical depression around 00:00 UTC on October 27 roughly {{convert|80|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} east of the Nicaragua–Honduras border. ASCAT scatterometer data shortly thereafter resulted in the depression being upgraded to Tropical Storm Hanna at 06:00 UTC. Just ten hours later Hanna made landfall over extreme northeastern Nicaragua and quickly weakened back to a depression. The system degraded to a remnant low early on October 28 before turning northwestward and emerging over the Gulf of Honduras. Some signs of redevelopment appeared throughout the day, but the remnants of Hanna soon moved inland over Belize early on October 29. The system finally dissipated over northwest Guatemala on the following day. Hanna and its remnants contributed to an ongoing flood in Nicaragua that was responsible for 28 fatalities, many cattle deaths, and a significant loss of grain.{{cite news|url=http://eleconomista.com.mx/internacional/2014/10/27/nicaragua-decreta-alerta-amarilla-tormenta-tropical-hanna|title=Nicaragua decreta alerta amarilla por tormenta tropical Hanna|date=October 27, 2014|agency=Notimex|newspaper=El Economista|access-date=July 29, 2015|language=es}}

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{{Tropical cyclone naming}}

The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2014.{{cite news|last=Wise|first=John P.|title=List: 2014 Hurricane Names|date=May 22, 2014|url=https://www.wesh.com/article/list-2014-hurricane-names-1/4433918|publisher=WESH|location= Daytona Beach, Florida|access-date=January 22, 2024}} This was the same list used in the 2008 season, with the exceptions of Gonzalo, Isaias, and Paulette, which replaced Gustav, Ike, and Paloma, respectively.{{cite news|title=Gustav, Ike retired as hurricane names|date=May 1, 2009|publisher=NBC News|agency=AP|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna30523207|access-date=January 22, 2024}} The name Gonzalo was the only name used for the first time this year. There were no names retired following the 2014 season, so the same list was used again for the 2020 season.{{cite news|url=https://weather.com/safety/hurricane/news/2020-02-25-tropical-storm-hurricane-names-2020-atlantic-season|title=2020 Hurricane Season Is Less Than 100 Days Away; Here Are the Names You'll See This Year|last=Donegan|first=Brian|date=February 25, 2020|publisher=The Weather Channel|access-date=January 22, 2024}}

This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 2014 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2014 USD.

{{Saffir–Simpson small|align=center}}

{{TC stats table start3|year=2014|basin=North Atlantic tropical cyclone}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat2|name=Arthur|dates=July 1–5|max-winds=100 (155)|min-press=973|areas=The Bahamas, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada|damage=$39.5 million|deaths=2}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=Two|dates=July 21–23|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1012|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=Bertha|dates=August 1–16|max-winds=80 (130)|min-press=998|areas=Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Cuba, Lucayan Archipelago, East Coast of the United States, Western Europe|damage=Minimal|deaths=4}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=Cristobal|dates=August 23–29|max-winds=85 (140)|min-press=965|areas=Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States, Iceland|damage=Unknown|deaths=7}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Dolly|dates=September 1–3|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=1000|areas=Mexico, Texas|damage=$22.2 million|deaths=1}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat3|name=Edouard|dates=September 11–19|max-winds=120 (195)|min-press=955|areas=East Coast of the United States|damage=Minimal|deaths=2}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=Fay|dates=October 10–13|max-winds=80 (130)|min-press=983|areas=Bermuda|damage=≥ $3.8 million|deaths=None}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat4|name=Gonzalo|dates=October 12–19|max-winds=145 (230)|min-press=940|areas=Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Bermuda, Newfoundland, Europe|damage=≥ $317 million|deaths=6}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Hanna|dates=October 22–28|max-winds=40 (65)|min-press=1000|areas=Southeastern Mexico, Central America|damage=Unknown|deaths=None}}

{{TC stats table end3|num-cyclones=9|dates=July 1 – October 28|max-winds=145 (230)|min-press=940|tot-areas=|tot-damage=≥ $382.5 million|tot-deaths=17 (4)}}

{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}

{{Commons category}}

• Tropical cyclones in 2014
• Weather of 2014
• 2014 Pacific hurricane season
• 2014 Pacific typhoon season
• 2014 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
• South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2013–14, 2014–15
• Australian region cyclone seasons: 2013–14, 2014–15
• South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2013–14, 2014–15
• South Atlantic tropical cyclone
• Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone

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{{reflist|group=nb}}

{{reflist}}

• [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov National Hurricane Center Website]
• {{NHC TCR url|id=summary_atlc_2014|title=2014 Atlantic Hurricane Season Annual Summary}}

{{2014 Atlantic hurricane season buttons}}

{{TC Decades|Year=2010|basin=Atlantic|type=hurricane}}

{{Tropical cyclone season|2014}}

Category:Atlantic hurricane seasons

Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines

2014 ATL