2016 Atlantic hurricane season
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{{Infobox tropical cyclone season
| Basin=Atl
| Year=2016
| Track=2016 Atlantic hurricane season summary.png
| First storm formed=January 12, 2016
| Last storm dissipated=November 25, 2016{{efn|name=Otto-note|The last storm, Otto, exited into the eastern Pacific on this day, dissipating in that basin a day later.}}
| Strongest storm name=Matthew
| Strongest storm pressure=934
| Strongest storm winds=145
| Average wind speed=1
| Total depressions=16
| Total storms=15
| Total hurricanes=7
| Total intense=4
| Damagespre=≥
| Damages=17485
| Fatalities=736 total
| five seasons=2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
| Season timeline=Timeline of the 2016 Atlantic hurricane season
| East Pacific season=2016 Pacific hurricane season
| West Pacific season=2016 Pacific typhoon season
| North Indian season=2016 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
}}
The 2016 Atlantic hurricane season was the first above-average hurricane season since 2012, producing 15 named storms, 7 hurricanes and 4 major hurricanes. The season officially started on June 1 and ended on November 30, though the first storm, Hurricane Alex which formed in the Northeastern Atlantic, developed on January 12, being the first hurricane to develop in January since 1938. The final storm, Otto, crossed into the Eastern Pacific on November 25, a few days before the official end. Following Alex, Tropical Storm Bonnie brought flooding to South Carolina and portions of North Carolina. Tropical Storm Colin in early June brought minor flooding and wind damage to parts of the Southeastern United States, especially Florida. Hurricane Earl left 94 fatalities in the Dominican Republic and Mexico, 81 of which occurred in the latter. In early September, Hurricane Hermine, the first hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Hurricane Wilma in 2005, brought extensive coastal flooding damage especially to the Forgotten and Nature coasts of Florida. Hermine was responsible for five fatalities and about $550 million (2016 USD) in damage.{{efn|name=damage|All damage figures are in 2016 USD, unless otherwise noted}}
The strongest, costliest, and deadliest storm of the season was Hurricane Matthew, the southernmost Category 5 Atlantic hurricane on record and the first to reach that intensity since Felix in 2007, ending the longest streak of seasons without a hurricane of such intensity in the Satellite Era. With at least 603 deaths attributed to it, Matthew was the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Stan of 2005. Furthermore, damage from Matthew is estimated to be at least $16.5 billion, making it the ninth costliest Atlantic hurricane on record at the time. Hurricane Nicole became the first major hurricane to directly impact Bermuda since Hurricane Fabian in 2003, leaving widespread but relatively moderate damage on the island. The final tropical cyclone of the season – Hurricane Otto – brought severe flooding to Central America in November, particularly in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Otto left 23 deaths and about $190 million in damage. On November 25, the storm emerged into the Eastern Pacific basin, the first such occurrence since Hurricane Cesar–Douglas in 1996. Most of the season's tropical cyclones impacted land, and nine of those storms caused loss of life. Collectively, the storms left at least 736 fatalities and $17.49 billion in damage, making the season the costliest since 2012.
Most forecasting groups predicted above average activity in anticipation of a dissipating El Niño event and the development of a La Niña, as well as warmer than normal sea surface temperatures. Overall, the forecasts were fairly accurate.
Seasonal forecasts
Ahead of and during the season, several meteorological services and scientific agencies forecast how many named storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes will form during a season, and/or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country. These agencies include the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of the University College London, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), United Kingdom Met Office (UKMO), Coastal Carolina University (CCU), Colorado State University (CSU), and North Carolina State University (NCSU). The forecasts include weekly and monthly changes in significant factors that help determine the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a particular year. Some of these forecasts also take into consideration what happened in previous seasons and the predicted weakening of the 2014–2016 El Niño event. On average, an Atlantic hurricane season between 1981 and 2010 contained twelve tropical storms, six hurricanes, and two major hurricanes, with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index of between 66 and 103 units. Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration or stronger intensity will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of {{convert|39|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Accordingly, tropical depressions are not included here. After the storm has dissipated, typically after the end of the season, the NHC reexamines the data, and produces a final report on each storm. These revisions can lead to a revised ACE total either upward or downward compared to the operational value.{{cite report |work=Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT |access-date=April 19, 2017 |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html |archive-date=March 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329014406/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html |url-status=live }}
=Pre-season forecasts=
The first forecast for the year was issued by CSU on December 11, who anticipated that one of four different scenarios could occur. The scenario considered most likely was that Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and thermohaline circulation (THC) would be stronger, but effects from El Niño would remain, resulting in a slightly above average season. The next most likely scenario was that both the AMO and THC would strengthen and the El Niño effects would cease to exist, causing a well above average season. In the other two scenarios, which were given the same probability of occurrence, the AMO and THC would weaken and the effects of El Niño would either disappear or some would remain, resulting in either a near average or well below average season.{{cite web|author=Phillip J. Klotzbach|author2=William M. Gray|title=Qualitative Discussion of Atlantic Basin Seasonal Hurricane Activity for 2016|url=https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/Archived_Forecasts/2010s/2015-12.pdf|publisher=Colorado State University|date=December 11, 2015|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-date=July 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715192043/https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/Archived_Forecasts/2010s/2015-12.pdf|url-status=live}}
TSR subsequently issued their first outlook for the 2016 season during December 16, 2015 and predicted that activity would be about 20% below the 1950–2015 average, or about 15% below the 2005–2015 average. Specifically they thought that there would be 13 tropical storms, 5 hurricanes, 2 major hurricanes and an ACE index of 79 units. A few months later, TSR issued their second prediction for the season during April 6, 2016 and lowered the predicted number of named storms to 12 but raised the number of hurricanes to 6.{{cite report|author=Mark Saunders|author2=Adam Lea|title=April Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2016|url=http://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastApr2016.pdf|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|date=April 5, 2016|access-date=April 5, 2016|archive-date=April 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417141119/http://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastApr2016.pdf|url-status=live}} On April 14, CSU predicted that the season would be near-normal, predicting 13 named storms, 6 hurricanes and 2 major hurricanes with ACE near 93. On April 15, NCSU predicted the season would be very active, with 15–18 named storms, 8–11 hurricanes and 3–5 major hurricanes. A month later, the UKMO released its forecast, predicting a slightly above-average season with 14 named storms and 8 hurricanes. It also predicted an ACE index of 125, above the defined average ACE index at 103.
On May 27, NOAA issued its first outlook calling for a near-normal season with a 70% chance that 10–16 named storms could form, including 4–8 hurricanes of which 1–4 could reach major hurricane status. NOAA also stated that there is a 45% chance of a near-normal season, 30% chance of an above-normal season and 25% chance of a below-normal season. Also on May 27, TSR substantially increased their forecast numbers, predicting activity would be about 30% above the average with 17 named storms, 9 hurricanes, 4 major hurricanes and an ACE near 130. The reason for the increased activity forecast was the increased likelihood of La Niña forming during the season in addition to a trend towards a negative North Atlantic Oscillation, which generally favors a warmer tropical Atlantic. TSR predicted that there is a 57% chance that the 2016 Atlantic season would be above-normal, a 33% chance it would be near-normal, and only a 10% chance it would be below-normal.
=Mid-season outlooks=
CSU updated their forecast on June 1 to include 14 named storms, 6 hurricanes and 2 major hurricanes to include Tropical Storm Bonnie. It was again updated on July 1 to include 15 named storms, 6 hurricanes and 2 major hurricanes, to accommodate for tropical storms Colin and Danielle. On July 5, TSR released their fourth forecast for the season, slightly lowering the predicted numbers to 16 tropical storms, 8 hurricanes and 3 major hurricanes. On August 5, TSR released their final forecast for the season, lowering the numbers to 15 named storms and 7 hurricanes due to the influence of La Niña being less than anticipated previously. NOAA updated their forecast on August 11, increasing their predictions to 12–17 named storms, 5–8 hurricanes, and 2–4 major hurricanes.
Seasonal summary
{{For timeline}}
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File:Three tropical cyclones Atlantic 2016-08-31.png (left), TD Eight (northeast of Hermine, middle), and Gaston (right)]]
The 2016 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 2016. It was an above average season and the most active since 2012, producing a total of 15 named storms, 7 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes. The first storm, Hurricane Alex, developed on January 12, while the final system, Hurricane Otto, made a crossover to the Eastern Pacific on November 25. The higher-than-normal activity was attributed to many factors. Most significantly, one of the strongest El Niño events recorded in history rapidly dissipated, transforming to cool-neutral conditions across the Pacific in late summer. This led to warmer than normal sea surface temperatures across the Atlantic, though the subtropical regions were slightly cooler than normal; slightly lower than normal sea level pressures; and reduced wind shear, especially in the Caribbean, which had experienced record values of wind shear in the past recent years. Moisture levels, however, were anomalously dry, which likely prevented some of the storms from becoming significant hurricanes. Steering currents had also been different from past years, which had previously had a trough of low pressure dominating the East Coast of the United States.{{cite report|url=http://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/11/2016-11.pdf|title=Summary of 2016 Atlantic Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Activity and Verification of Author's Seasonal and Two-week Forecasts|date=November 30, 2016|author=Philip J. Klotzbach|access-date=April 24, 2017|archive-date=March 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312195741/http://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/11/2016-11.pdf|url-status=dead}} The tropical cyclones of this season caused about $16.1 billion in damage and at least 748 deaths,{{cite news |language=pt |author=Lusa |newspaper=Público |date=January 16, 2016 |access-date=January 17, 2016 |title=Furacão Alex impede socorro da Força Aérea e doente morre |url=https://www.publico.pt/sociedade/noticia/furacao-alex-impede-socorro-da-forca-aerea-e-doente-morre-1720408 |archive-date=January 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119005527/http://www.publico.pt/sociedade/noticia/furacao-alex-impede-socorro-da-forca-aerea-e-doente-morre-1720408 |url-status=dead }}
- {{cite news |author=Christal Hayes |title=Rip currents cause Kissimmee man to drown at beach, officials day |url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/breaking-news/os-swimmer-body-found-melbourne-20160529-story.html |newspaper=Orlando Sentinel |date=May 30, 2016 |access-date=May 30, 2016 |archive-date=May 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530160934/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/breaking-news/os-swimmer-body-found-melbourne-20160529-story.html |url-status=live }}
- {{cite news |title=Body of missing swimmer found on Kure Beach |url=http://www.wect.com/story/32107325/crews-respond-to-body-found-on-kure-beach?sf27597408=1 |newspaper=WECT News |date=May 31, 2016 |access-date=May 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114144501/http://www.wect.com/story/32107325/crews-respond-to-body-found-on-kure-beach?sf27597408=1 |archive-date=2017-01-14 |url-status=dead }}
- {{cite news |url=http://www.wjhg.com/content/news/382228081.html |author=Kayle Gaskins |date=June 8, 2016 |access-date=March 30, 2017 |title=3 possibly 4 dead in Tuesday drownings along Panhandle beaches |newspaper=WJHG-TV |archive-date=January 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123184959/http://www.wjhg.com/content/news/382228081.html |url-status=dead }}
- {{cite journal |volume=58 |number=6 |journal=Storm Data |title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena |date=June 2016 |issn=0039-1972 |url=https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-709FF064-6C59-4869-9FA7-646E589EE605.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330040616/https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-709FF064-6C59-4869-9FA7-646E589EE605.pdf |archive-date=2017-03-30 |publisher=National Climatic Data Center |access-date=March 30, 2017 |url-status=dead }}
- {{cite news |language=es |newspaper=El Nuevo Dia |date=June 21, 2016 |access-date=June 22, 2016 |title=Tormenta Danielle causa un muerto en México |url=http://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/internacionales/nota/tormentadaniellecausaunmuertoenmexico-2213161/ |archive-date=June 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622124405/http://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/internacionales/nota/tormentadaniellecausaunmuertoenmexico-2213161/ |url-status=live }}
- {{cite tech report|author=Stacy R. Stewart |title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Earl |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL052016_Earl}} |publisher=National Hurricane Center |page=1, 4, 5, 6 |date=January 19, 2017 |access-date=March 31, 2017 |format=PDF }}
- {{cite news |language=es |agency=Notimex |publisher=El Financierio |date=August 4, 2016 |access-date=August 8, 2016 |title=Tormenta 'Earl' deja en Guatemala 500 afectados |url=http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/mundo/tormenta-earl-deja-en-guatemala-500-afectados.html |archive-date=August 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807013621/http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/mundo/tormenta-earl-deja-en-guatemala-500-afectados.html |url-status=live }}
- {{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL092016_Hermine}} |title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Hermine |publisher=National Hurricane Center |date=January 30, 2017 |author=Robbie J. Berg |page=7 |access-date=February 1, 2017 |format=PDF }}
- {{cite news |author=Elisha Fieldstadt |title='Far From Over': Hermine to Batter Northeast Coast With High Winds, Storm Surges |date=September 4, 2016 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/far-over-hermine-batter-northeast-coast-high-winds-storm-surges-n642646 |newspaper=NBC |access-date=September 4, 2016 |archive-date=September 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904200343/http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/far-over-hermine-batter-northeast-coast-high-winds-storm-surges-n642646 |url-status=live }}
- {{cite web|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2017|access-date=January 18, 2017|title=Storm Events Database: "Tropical Storm Julia"|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/textsearch.jsp?q=Tropical+Storm+Julia|archive-date=January 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131185559/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/textsearch.jsp?q=Tropical+Storm+Julia|url-status=live}}
- {{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL142016_Matthew}} |title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Matthew |author=Stacy R. Stewart |date=April 3, 2017 |access-date=April 5, 2017 |page=12–23 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |format=PDF }}
- {{cite news |language=es |author=Sandra Guerrero Barriga |newspaper=El Heraldo |date=October 1, 2016 |access-date=October 1, 2016 |title='Matthew' coge fuerza en su avance frente a la Costa |url=http://www.elheraldo.co/la-guajira/matthew-coge-fuerza-en-su-avance-frente-la-costa-289414 |archive-date=October 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008213040/http://www.elheraldo.co/la-guajira/matthew-coge-fuerza-en-su-avance-frente-la-costa-289414 |url-status=live }}
- {{cite news |url=http://bnonews.com/news/index.php/news/id5464 |title=Bridge damaged by Hurricane Matthew collapses in Cuba, killing 4 |date=November 23, 2016 |newspaper=BNO News |access-date=November 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124093446/http://bnonews.com/news/index.php/news/id5464 |archive-date=2016-11-24 |url-status=dead }}
- {{cite news |newspaper=CBC News |date=October 14, 2016 |access-date=October 17, 2016 |title='Absolutely unbelievable' road damage, some areas still cut off |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/rain-storm-aftermath-updates-repairs-al-hawkins-1.3802769 |archive-date=October 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017035932/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/rain-storm-aftermath-updates-repairs-al-hawkins-1.3802769 |url-status=live }}
- {{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL152016_Nicole}} |title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Nicole |author=Todd B. Kimberlain |author2=Andrew S. Latto |name-list-style=amp |date=April 10, 2017 |access-date=April 24, 2017 |page=6 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |format=PDF }}
- {{cite news |author=Irene Nolan |newspaper=Island Free Press |date=October 17, 2016 |access-date=October 19, 2016 |title=Update: Body of missing swimmer found near Avon pier |url=http://islandfreepress.org/2016Archives/10.17.2016-UPDATEBodyOfMissingSwimmerFoundNearAvonPier.html |archive-date=October 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020042904/http://islandfreepress.org/2016Archives/10.17.2016-UPDATEBodyOfMissingSwimmerFoundNearAvonPier.html |url-status=live }}
- {{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL162016_Otto}} |title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Otto |author=Todd B. Kimberlain |author2=Andrew S. Latto |name-list-style=amp |date=April 10, 2017 |access-date=April 24, 2017 |page=5 |publisher=National Hurricane Center |format=PDF }}
- {{cite news |title=Hurricane Otto leaves at least nine dead in Costa Rica |newspaper=Al Jazeera |date=November 26, 2016 |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/11/hurricane-otto-leaves-dead-costa-rica-161126083019588.html |access-date=November 26, 2016 |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622165240/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/11/hurricane-otto-leaves-dead-costa-rica-161126083019588.html |url-status=live }} being the costliest season since 2012, the deadliest since 2008.{{cite web|url=https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/early-late-and-farflung-the-eclectic-2016-atlantic-hurricane-seaso.html|title=Early, Late, and Far-Flung: The Eclectic 2016 Atlantic Hurricane Season|author=Bob Henson|author2=Jeff Masters|date=November 30, 2016|publisher=Weather Underground|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929061156/https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/early-late-and-farflung-the-eclectic-2016-atlantic-hurricane-seaso.html|url-status=live}} The Atlantic hurricane season officially ended on November 30, 2016.
The year opened up with an anomalous storm in January: Hurricane Alex, the first system of such intensity to develop in January since 1938. Activity picked up at the end of May into June, with three consecutive tropical storms: Bonnie, Colin, and Danielle. The latter two became the earliest third- and fourth-named storms on record respectively. July saw no storm development for the first time in four years, however.{{cite web|title=Monthly Atlantic Tropical Weather Summary|publisher=National Hurricane Center|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWSAT/2016/TWSAT.201608011109.txt|date=August 1, 2016|access-date=August 4, 2016|archive-date=August 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816211350/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWSAT/2016/TWSAT.201608011109.txt|url-status=live}} August saw the formation of five tropical cyclones, including Earl, Fiona, Gaston, Eight, and Hermine. A Category 1 hurricane, Earl wrought tremendous damage in Belize and Mexico. With 81 lives lost in Mexico during the passage of Earl, it was the deadliest Atlantic hurricane in the country since 2005. Gaston became the season's first major hurricane on August 28, attaining peak winds of {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} over the central Atlantic. On September 1, Hermine struck the Florida Peninsula as a Category 1 hurricane, ending an 11-year drought of hurricane landfalls in the state, which began after Hurricane Wilma in October 2005.{{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL092016_Hermine}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Hermine|author=Robbie J. Berg|date=January 30, 2017|access-date=May 12, 2017|publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}}
September featured another five tropical cyclones: Ian, Julia, Karl, Lisa, and Matthew, the latter of which persisted into October. Matthew proved to be the most significant storm of the season, becoming the first Category 5 hurricane in the Atlantic since Hurricane Felix in 2007,{{cite report|author=Lixion Avila|date=September 30, 2016|access-date=September 30, 2016|title=Hurricane Matthew Discussion Number 12|publisher=National Hurricane Center|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al14/al142016.public.012.shtml|archive-date=October 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004161109/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al14/al142016.public.012.shtml|url-status=live}} and, with a death toll of over 700, it was the deadliest in the Atlantic basin since Hurricane Stan in 2005. It subsequently struck Haiti as a Category 4 hurricane, and inflicted catastrophic damage across the impoverished nation. Matthew also caused extensive damage in Cuba, the Bahamas, and the Southeastern United States. Concurrently, Hurricane Nicole meandered south of Bermuda for more than a week before making a direct hit on the territory as a major hurricane. The next four weeks were quiet, until Hurricane Otto formed in the southwestern Caribbean during late November. Otto eventually became the latest-forming major hurricane in the Atlantic basin on record, surpassing a storm in 1934.{{cite tech report|author=Daniel P. Brown|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=April 10, 2017|access-date=April 24, 2017|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Otto|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL162016_Otto}}|format=PDF}} After striking Nicaragua and becoming the first hurricane on record to pass over Costa Rica, Otto – the final tropical cyclone of the season – then emerged into the Eastern Pacific basin on November 25, the first such occurrence since Hurricane Cesar–Douglas in 1996.
The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy index of 141 units, which was well above the 1981–2010 median of 92,{{cite web|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2014|url=http://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/07/2014-04.pdf|work=Colorado State University|access-date=May 12, 2017|author=Phillip J. Klotzbach|author2=William M. Gray|date=April 10, 2014|archive-date=January 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109185959/http://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/07/2014-04.pdf|url-status=dead}} as well as the highest value since 2010.
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Systems
= Hurricane Alex =
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=Alex 2016-01-14 1300Z (cropped; alternate).jpg
| Track=Alex 2016 path.png
| Formed=January 12
| Dissipated=January 15
| 1-min winds=75
| Pressure=981
}}
{{main|Hurricane Alex (2016)}}
A weak area of low pressure developed over northwestern Cuba in association with a stationary front on January 6. The frontal wave intensified as it moved into the central Atlantic, temporarily attaining hurricane-force winds by January 10. Steered by anomalous high pressure, the disturbance turned southeast and tracked over warmer waters. Its associated fronts dissipated, its wind field became more symmetric, and convection increased near the center, leading to the formation of Subtropical Storm Alex by 18:00 UTC on January 12. Despite marginal ocean temperatures, Alex benefited from rapidly cooling upper-air temperatures, and it intensified quickly while turning northeast. The presence of deeper convection near the center and an eye on conventional satellite showcased the storm's transition into a fully tropical cyclone and intensification into a hurricane by 06:00 UTC on January 14. Six hours later, it peaked with maximum sustained winds of {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. Alex turned north after peak, and the storm weakened to a tropical storm before making landfall on Terceira Island, Azores. With decreasing core convection and an impinging warm front, Alex transitioned into an extratropical cyclone by 18:00 UTC on January 15 and was absorbed by a larger extratropical low two days later.{{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL012016_Alex}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Alex|author=Eric S. Blake|date=September 13, 2016|access-date=May 12, 2017|pages=2, 3|publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}}
The precursor disturbance to Hurricane Alex produced gusts up to {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} on Bermuda, as well as swells up to 20 ft (6 m) offshore; this disrupted air travel, downed trees, caused sporadic power outages, and suspended ferry services.{{cite news|author=Jonathan Bell|newspaper=The Royal Gazette|date=January 8, 2016|access-date=January 14, 2016|title=Windy weather affects flights and power|url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20160108/NEWS/160109802|archive-date=January 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112211125/http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20160108/NEWS/160109802|url-status=dead}} In the Azores, the cyclone produced maximum rainfall accumulations up to 4.04 in (103 mm) in Lagoa.{{cite web|publisher=Weather Underground|date=January 15, 2016|access-date=January 15, 2016|title=Lagoa IAZORESL2|url=http://www.wunderground.com/personal-weather-station/dashboard?ID=IAZORESL2#history/s20160115/e20160115/mdaily|archive-date=August 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810063606/https://www.wunderground.com/personal-weather-station/dashboard?ID=IAZORESL2#history/s20160115/e20160115/mdaily|url-status=live}} Peak gusts of {{convert|57|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} affected Ponta Delgada, causing minor to moderate damage.{{cite web|publisher=The Weather Channel|date=January 15, 2016|access-date=January 15, 2016|title=Rare January Hurricane Alex Landfalls in The Azores as a Tropical Storm|url=http://www.weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/hurricane-alex-atlantic-ocean-azores|archive-date=January 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115012932/http://www.weather.com//storms/hurricane/news/hurricane-alex-atlantic-ocean-azores|url-status=live}} Landslides also contributed to minor damage.{{cite news |language=pt |author=Ana Dias Cordeiro and Lusa |newspaper=Público |date=January 15, 2016 |access-date=January 15, 2016 |title=Furacão Alex passou a tempestade tropical depois de ter atravessado os Açores |url=http://www.publico.pt/sociedade/noticia/acores-sem-incidentes-nos-primeiros-efeitos-do-furacao-alex-1720289?page=-1 |archive-date=September 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925015846/https://www.publico.pt/sociedade/noticia/acores-sem-incidentes-nos-primeiros-efeitos-do-furacao-alex-1720289?page=-1 |url-status=dead }} One death occurred when a victim that suffered a heart attack was unable to be airlifted to a hospital due to unsettled conditions.{{cite news |language=pt |author=Lusa |newspaper=Público |date=January 16, 2016 |access-date=January 17, 2016 |title=Furacão Alex impede socorro da Força Aérea e doente morre |url=https://www.publico.pt/sociedade/noticia/furacao-alex-impede-socorro-da-forca-aerea-e-doente-morre-1720408 |archive-date=January 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119005527/http://www.publico.pt/sociedade/noticia/furacao-alex-impede-socorro-da-forca-aerea-e-doente-morre-1720408 |url-status=dead }}
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=Tropical Storm Bonnie=
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=Bonnie 2016-05-28 Suomi NPP.jpg
| Track=Bonnie 2016 path.png
| Formed=May 27
| Dissipated=June 4
| 1-min winds=40
| Pressure=1006
}}
{{main|Tropical Storm Bonnie (2016)}}
An area of low pressure developed into Tropical Depression Two at 18:00 UTC on May 27, while situated about {{convert|205|mi|km|abbr=on}} northeast of Great Abaco in the Bahamas. Moving steadily west-northwestwards, Bonnie intensified into a tropical storm on May 28. Shortly thereafter, the storm reached its peak winds of {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. However, due to hostile environmental conditions, Bonnie weakened to a depression hours before making landfall just east of Isle of Palms, South Carolina, on May 29. Steering currents collapsed afterwards, causing the storm to meander over South Carolina for two days. The storm weakened further into a non-tropical remnant low on May 31, before emerging off the coast while moving generally east-northeastwards. On June 2, Bonnie regenerated into a tropical depression just offshore North Carolina as conditions became slightly more favorable. The next day, despite increasing wind shear and cooling sea surface temperatures, Bonnie reintensified into a tropical storm and reached its minimum barometric pressure of {{convert|1006|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}. The storm weakened to a tropical depression late on June 4 and became a non-tropical low again early the next day to the north of Bermuda. The remnants moved east-southeast until dissipating on June 9.{{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL022016_Bonnie}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Bonnie|author=Michael J. Brennan|date=October 14, 2016|access-date=May 12, 2017|page=2, 3|publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}}
Rip currents along the coastline of the Southeast United States led to dozens of water rescues; the body of one 20-year-old man was recovered in Brevard County, Florida, after he drowned,{{cite news|author=Christal Hayes|title=Rip currents cause Kissimmee man to drown at beach, officials day|url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/breaking-news/os-swimmer-body-found-melbourne-20160529-story.html|newspaper=Orlando Sentinel|date=May 30, 2016|access-date=May 30, 2016|archive-date=May 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530160934/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/breaking-news/os-swimmer-body-found-melbourne-20160529-story.html|url-status=live}} Lingering over South Carolina for a few days, Bonnie brought heavy rains and widespread floods to the Southeastern United States. Rainfall totals hit 6 in (150 mm) in much of South Carolina, and exceeded 10 in (250 mm) in some areas. Flooding resulted in the closure of the southbound lanes of Interstate 95 in Jasper County, and also inundated the Jasper County Sheriff's Office and Detention Center. In Ridgeland, several buildings were damaged and the local wastewater treatment plant overflowed, spilling discharge into the nearby Captain Bill Creek. Damage in this county alone exceeded $640,000. Record-breaking rainfall was observed across much of the Outer Banks; on Hatteras Island, Cape Point Campground was closed for a week due to flooding.{{cite news|agency=Jasper County Sun Times|newspaper=Savannah Morning News|date=June 9, 2016|access-date=June 9, 2016|title=Tropical Storm Bonnie causes almost $700K in damages in Jasper County|url=http://savannahnow.com/hurricane-guide-news/2016-06-09/tropical-storm-bonnie-causes-almost-700k-damages-jasper-county|archive-date=June 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611063640/http://savannahnow.com/hurricane-guide-news/2016-06-09/tropical-storm-bonnie-causes-almost-700k-damages-jasper-county|url-status=live}} In North Carolina, the body of a 21-year-old man was recovered in New Hanover County, several days after he went missing in rough surf.{{cite news|title=Body of missing swimmer found on Kure Beach|url=http://www.wect.com/story/32107325/crews-respond-to-body-found-on-kure-beach?sf27597408=1|newspaper=WECT News|date=May 31, 2016|access-date=May 31, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114144501/http://www.wect.com/story/32107325/crews-respond-to-body-found-on-kure-beach?sf27597408=1|archive-date=2017-01-14|url-status=dead}}
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=Tropical Storm Colin=
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=Colin 2016-06-06 1620Z.jpg
| Track=Colin 2016 path.png
| Formed=June 5
| Dissipated=June 7
| 1-min winds=45
| Pressure=1001
}}
{{main|Tropical Storm Colin (2016)}}
On May 27, a tropical wave exited the coast of Africa. By early June, the wave entered the Caribbean and spawned a low-pressure system. The low remained disorganized with only isolated convection, mostly in the eastern quadrant. Convection began to wrap into the center as the storm curved northward into the Gulf of Mexico on June 3. After the low passed over the Yucatán Peninsula on June 5, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) upgraded it to Tropical Depression Three. Later that day, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Colin. Gradually curving northeastwards, Colin remained disorganized as it accelerated towards the coast of Florida on June 6.{{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL032016_Colin}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Colin|author=Richard J. Pasch|author2=Andrew B. Penny|name-list-style=amp|date=January 18, 2017|access-date=May 12, 2017|pages=2, 3|publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}} The NHC noted that there was uncertainty in locating the circulation center, instead taking the midpoint between two small-scale circulations.{{cite web|author=John L. Beven|title=Tropical Storm Colin Discussion Number 4|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al03/al032016.discus.004.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=June 6, 2016|access-date=June 12, 2016|archive-date=June 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611013936/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al03/al032016.discus.004.shtml?|url-status=live}} However, the NHC increased the winds to {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} following a strong burst in Colin's convection. Colin continued accelerating to the northeast and made landfall near Keaton Beach, Florida, at 02:00 UTC on June 7. Failing to weaken over land, Colin began undergoing extratropical transition after the increasingly ill-defined circulation moved off the coast of Georgia,{{cite web|author=John L. Beven|title=Tropical Storm Colin Discussion Number 8|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al03/al032016.discus.008.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=June 7, 2016|access-date=June 12, 2016|archive-date=June 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611000746/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al03/al032016.discus.008.shtml?|url-status=live}} and became fully extratropical hours later.
In Cuba, heavy rainfall resulted in flooding in the western portions of the island, especially Pinar del Río Province. Water left several roads impassable and inundated crops in some areas;{{cite news|url=http://www.efe.com/efe/america/sociedad/la-tormenta-tropical-colin-causa-inundaciones-en-el-occidente-de-cuba/20000013-2949999|title=La tormenta tropical Colin causa inundaciones en el occidente de Cuba|date=June 8, 2016|newspaper=EFE|access-date=August 25, 2016|language=es|archive-date=August 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819023410/http://www.efe.com/efe/america/sociedad/la-tormenta-tropical-colin-causa-inundaciones-en-el-occidente-de-cuba/20000013-2949999|url-status=live}} about {{convert|840000|acres}} of crops were flooded overall.{{cite news|language=es|author=Federico Beltrán|publisher=Ciber Cuba|date=June 8, 2016|access-date=February 18, 2017|title=Lluvias asociadas a Tormenta Tropical Colin inundan municipios de Pinar del Río|url=https://www.cibercuba.com/noticias/2016-06-08-u146802-lluvias-asociadas-tormenta-tropical-colin-inundan-municipios-de-pinar|archive-date=February 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219101740/https://www.cibercuba.com/noticias/2016-06-08-u146802-lluvias-asociadas-tormenta-tropical-colin-inundan-municipios-de-pinar|url-status=live}} In Old Havana, mudslides severely damaged three homes and impacted numerous others to a lesser degree.{{cite news|language=es|author=Manuel Díaz Mons|newspaper=Cuba Net|date=June 9, 2016|access-date=February 18, 2017|title=Colin deja su huella en Cuba|url=https://www.cubanet.org/actualidad-destacados/colin-deja-su-huella-en-cuba/|archive-date=February 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219100546/https://www.cubanet.org/actualidad-destacados/colin-deja-su-huella-en-cuba/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|language=es|author=Luz Escobar|publisher=14 y Medio|date=June 9, 2016|access-date=February 18, 2017|title=Unos 17 derrumbes por la lluvia en la "ciudad maravilla"|url=http://www.14ymedio.com/nacional/derrumbes-lluvia-ciudad-maravilla_0_2013998591.html|archive-date=February 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219101531/http://www.14ymedio.com/nacional/derrumbes-lluvia-ciudad-maravilla_0_2013998591.html|url-status=live}} The storm also produced heavy rainfall over portions of Florida, resulting in flooding in some areas, especially Hillsborough and Pinellas counties. There, the freshwater flooding was compounded by coastal flooding from high tides. Winds caused over 93,300 power outages throughout the state.{{cite news|url=https://weather.com/safety/hurricane/news/tropical-storm-colin-impacts-news|title=Flooding from Tropical Storm Colin Still Causing Issues in Florida|author=Ada Carr|date=June 7, 2016|publisher=The Weather Channel|access-date=June 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607232834/https://weather.com/safety/hurricane/news/tropical-storm-colin-impacts-news|archive-date=June 7, 2016}} The storm spawned at least one tornado, which knocked down trees and damaged several cars and homes in Jacksonville. Four fatalities occurred in the Florida Panhandle due to drowning.{{cite news|url=http://www.wjhg.com/content/news/382228081.html|author=Kayle Gaskins|date=June 8, 2016|access-date=March 30, 2017|title=3 possibly 4 dead in Tuesday drownings along Panhandle beaches|newspaper=WJHG-TV|archive-date=January 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123184959/http://www.wjhg.com/content/news/382228081.html|url-status=dead}} Heavy rainfall was also observed in portions of Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Two additional drowning deaths occurred in Georgia and one in Alabama. Damage throughout the East Coast reached $1.04 million.{{cite journal|volume=58|number=6|journal=Storm Data |title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena|date=June 2016|issn=0039-1972|url=https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-709FF064-6C59-4869-9FA7-646E589EE605.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330040616/https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-709FF064-6C59-4869-9FA7-646E589EE605.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-03-30|publisher=National Climatic Data Center |access-date=March 30, 2017|df=mdy }}
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=Tropical Storm Danielle=
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=Danielle 2016-06-20 1940Z.jpg
| Track=Danielle 2016 path.png
| Formed=June 19
| Dissipated=June 21
| 1-min winds=40
| Pressure=1007
}}
A tropical wave emerged off the western coast of Africa on June 8, reaching the southwestern Caribbean Sea by June 15. Convection increased that day, and further organized after the system entered the Bay of Campeche three days later, subsequently leading to the formation of a tropical depression by 12:00 UTC on June 19. Steered west-northwest and then northwest by a mid-level ridge, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Danielle by 06:00 UTC on June 20 and attained peak winds of {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} six hours later. Interaction with land began to weaken the storm a few hours later, and Danielle made landfall near Tamiahua, Mexico with winds of {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. The storm rapidly weakened as it moved inland, falling to tropical depression intensity by 00:00 UTC on June 21 and degenerating into a remnant low six hours later. The remnant low continued inland before dissipating over the mountains of eastern Mexico that same day.{{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL042016_Danielle}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Danielle|author=John L. Beven II|date=September 8, 2016|pages=1, 4|access-date=May 12, 2017|publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}}
A tropical storm warning was issued along the coast of Mexico from Laguna Verde to Rio Paranuco. It was later discontinued when Danielle moved ashore and rapidly weakened. Danielle dropped heavy rainfall across the affected regions, particularly the areas near Veracruz and Tamiahua. Official amounts were not reported, however the maximum rainfall that was observed was around {{convert|6.22|in|mm|abbr=on}} at Cosautlán de Carvajal. The cyclone also brought wind gusts up to {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, reported near Tampico. Across much of Veracruz, officials suspended school activities and the port of Veracruz was temporarily closed. Flooding in the Pueblo Viejo Municipality affected 1,200 families and prompted activation of public shelters.{{cite news|language=es|publisher=e-consulta Veracruz|date=June 20, 2016|access-date=June 21, 2016|title=Reportan daños por tormenta Danielle en Veracruz|url=http://e-veracruz.mx/nota/2016-06-20/municipios/reportan-danos-por-tormenta-danielle-en-veracruz|archive-date=June 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622130526/http://e-veracruz.mx/nota/2016-06-20/municipios/reportan-danos-por-tormenta-danielle-en-veracruz|url-status=live}} A homeless man drowned in a storm drain in Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas, after flash flooding impacted the area.{{cite news|language=es|newspaper=El Nuevo Dia|date=June 21, 2016|access-date=June 22, 2016|title=Tormenta Danielle causa un muerto en México|url=http://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/internacionales/nota/tormentadaniellecausaunmuertoenmexico-2213161/|archive-date=June 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622124405/http://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/internacionales/nota/tormentadaniellecausaunmuertoenmexico-2213161/|url-status=live}}
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=Hurricane Earl=
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=Earl 2016-08-03 2245Z.png
| Track=Earl 2016 path.png
| Formed=August 2
| Dissipated=August 6
| 1-min winds=75
| Pressure=979
}}
{{main|Hurricane Earl (2016)}}
On July 26, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. The disturbance's rapid movement prevented significant development for several days. By August 2, a reconnaissance aircraft reported a closed circulation and tropical storm-force winds. As a result, the disturbance became Tropical Storm Earl around 06:00 UTC. Steered generally westward by a ridge over the South United States, Earl intensified amid warm ocean temperatures and low shear, attaining hurricane intensity and peaking with winds of {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} on August 3. Earl struck Turneffe Caye in Belize around 04:00 UTC on August 4 and then made landfall just south of Belize City about two hours later. It quickly weakened over land, but emerged into the Bay of Campeche on August 5 as a minimal tropical storm. A hurricane hunters mission flew into Earl later on August 5, measuring {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} winds. The cyclone made landfall at that intensity near Veracruz, Veracruz, around 02:00 UTC on August 6. Once inland, Earl quickly weakened, falling to tropical depression intensity at 12:00 UTC and dissipating by 18:00 UTC.{{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL052016_Earl}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Earl|author=Robbie J. Berg|date=January 19, 2017|access-date=May 12, 2017|pages=1, 2, 6|publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}}
The precursor to Earl brought heavy rain and gusty winds to the Lesser Antilles and Greater Antilles. Strong winds in the Dominican Republic downed a power line onto a bus, subsequently causing a fire that killed six people. A boat crash in Samaná Bay killed seven people.{{cite web|publisher=The Weather Channel|author=Eric Chaney|date=August 2, 2016|title=Jamaica, Caymans Bracing for Tropical System That 6 Killed in Dominican Republic|url=https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/deadly-dominican-republic-flooding-impacts|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-date=August 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815230756/https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/deadly-dominican-republic-flooding-impacts|url-status=live}}{{cite news|author=Katheryn Luna|title=Defensa Civil recupera el último cadáver del grupo de los náufragos|url=http://www.listindiario.com/la-republica/2016/08/04/429750/defensa-civil-recupera-el-ultimo-cadaver-del-grupo-de-los-naufragos|access-date=May 1, 2017|newspaper=Listín Diario|date=August 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805232234/http://www.listindiario.com/la-republica/2016/08/04/429750/defensa-civil-recupera-el-ultimo-cadaver-del-grupo-de-los-naufragos|archive-date=August 5, 2016|language=es}} Significant impacts were reported in Belize after Earl moved ashore as a hurricane, including downed trees and power lines, blown transformers, damaged or ripped-off roofs, coastal and inland flooding, and a significant storm surge.{{cite report|work=Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency|title=Situation Report #1 – August, 04 2016|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Redhum-BZ-Situation_ReportNo1-Hurricane_Earl_impacts_Belize-CDEMA-20160804-GG-18918.pdf|publisher=ReliefWeb|access-date=August 5, 2016|date=August 4, 2016|archive-date=August 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817161743/http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Redhum-BZ-Situation_ReportNo1-Hurricane_Earl_impacts_Belize-CDEMA-20160804-GG-18918.pdf|url-status=live}} About 2,000 homes were damaged or destroyed throughout Belize.{{cite news|author=Benjamin Flowers|title=Hurricane Earl hits Belize|url=http://www.reporter.bz/front-page/hurricane-earl-hits-belize/|newspaper=The Reporter|date=August 6, 2016|access-date=May 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214051343/http://www.reporter.bz/front-page/hurricane-earl-hits-belize/|archive-date=2017-02-14|url-status=usurped}} Damage in the country reached about $110 million. In Mexico, flooding and landslides resulted in severe damage and many deaths, especially in Puebla and Veracruz. In the former, mudslides damaged hundreds of homes, including 350 in the village of Chicahuaxtla alone. Huauchinango observed a month's worth of rainfall in only about 24 hours, resulting in mudslides that killed at least 13 people. Throughout Puebla, there were at least 41 deaths. In Veracruz, Earl and the resultant landslides damaged about 6,300 homes and 26 roadways, while 13 fatalities occurred. Overall, Earl left $132 million in damage and 81 fatalities in Mexico, with 10 other people missing.
{{Clear}}
=Tropical Storm Fiona=
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=Fiona 2016-08-20 1610Z.jpg
| Track=Fiona 2016 path.png
| Formed=August 16
| Dissipated=August 23
| 1-min winds=45
| Pressure=1004
}}
Late on August 14, the NHC began monitoring a tropical wave and its associated convection off the west coast of Africa for potential development.{{cite web|author=Daniel P. Brown|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201608142338&basin=atl&fdays=5|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=August 17, 2016|access-date=August 17, 2016|archive-date=December 31, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231131529/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?basin=atl&fdays=5¤t_issuance=201608142338|url-status=live}} Steered northwest toward a weakness in the subtropical ridge over the central Atlantic, the wave organized sufficiently to become a tropical depression by 18:00 UTC on August 16. The depression slowly organized after formation and developed a central dense overcast, with the system becoming Tropical Storm Fiona by 12:00 UTC on August 17.{{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL062016_Fiona}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Fiona|author=Todd B. Kimerlain|date=November 11, 2016|access-date=May 12, 2017|pages=2, 3|publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}} Despite strong westerly shear, abundant mid-level dry air, and an otherwise disheveled satellite appearance, an advanced scatterometer (ASCAT) pass indicated a maximum sustained wind speed of {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} early on August 19.{{cite report|author=Robbie J. Berg|title=Tropical Storm Fiona Discussion Number 17|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al06/al062016.discus.004.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=August 20, 2016|access-date=August 30, 2016|archive-date=August 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823202401/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al06/al062016.discus.004.shtml?|url-status=live}} Although sporadic bursts of convection continued amid the hostile environment, Fiona weakened to a tropical depression by 06:00 UTC on August 22 and degenerated into a remnant low early on August 23 about {{convert|375|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} south-southwest of Bermuda. The remnants merged with a weakening frontal zone near Bermuda on August 25.
{{Clear}}
=Hurricane Gaston=
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=Gaston 2016-08-30 1625Z.jpg
| Track=Gaston 2016 path.png
| Formed=August 22
| Dissipated=September 2
| 1-min winds=105
| Pressure=955
}}
On August 17, the NHC highlighted the potential for tropical cyclogenesis off the western coast of Africa in subsequent days.{{cite web|author=Stacy R. Stewart|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201608172041&basin=atl&fdays=5|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=August 17, 2016|access-date=September 12, 2016|archive-date=December 31, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231122346/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?basin=atl&fdays=5¤t_issuance=201608172041|url-status=live}} A weak area of low pressure associated with a tropical wave emerged into the eastern Atlantic three days later,{{cite web|author=Robbie J. Berg|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201608210249&basin=atl&fdays=5|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=August 17, 2016|access-date=September 12, 2016|archive-date=December 31, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231114651/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?basin=atl&fdays=5¤t_issuance=201608210249|url-status=live}} and the disturbance steadily coalesced into a tropical depression by 12:00 UTC on August 22, about {{convert|305|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} southwest of the southernmost Cabo Verde Islands.{{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL072016_Gaston}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Gaston|author=Daniel P. Brown|date=January 11, 2017|access-date=May 12, 2017|pages=2, 3|publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}} The depression organized while heading northwest, intensifying into Tropical Storm Gaston six hours later and attaining hurricane intensity by 12:00 UTC on August 24, in accordance with data from satellites and a NASA Global Hawk unmanned aircraft.{{cite report|author=Robbie J. Berg|title=Hurricane Gaston Public Advisory Number 11|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al07/al072016.public.011.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=August 25, 2016|access-date=September 12, 2016|archive-date=August 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829111359/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al07/al072016.public.011.shtml?|url-status=live}} After its initial peak in intensity, Gaston's satellite appearance began to degrade as an upper-level low imparted strong southwesterly shear on the cyclone,{{cite report|author=Robbie J. Berg|title=Hurricane Gaston Discussion Number 11|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al07/al072016.discus.012.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=August 25, 2016|access-date=September 12, 2016|archive-date=August 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829083735/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al07/al072016.discus.012.shtml?|url-status=live}} causing it to weaken back to a tropical storm. Upper-level winds slackened early on August 27, and a timely microwave pass highlighted the presence of a low-level eye well embedded in the storm's central dense overcast, indicating the resumption of Gaston's intensification phase.{{cite report|author=Stacy R. Stewart|title=Tropical Storm Gaston Discussion Number 20|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al07/al072016.discus.020.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=August 27, 2016|access-date=September 12, 2016|archive-date=September 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903000624/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al07/al072016.discus.020.shtml?|url-status=live}}
Although Gaston continued northwestward, its motion slowed in a weak steering regime. Amid low shear and warm ocean temperatures, Gaston attained hurricane intensity for a second time at 18:00 UTC on August 27. About 24 hours later, the storm deepened to a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale, the first major hurricane of the season, by 18:00 UTC the next day. With a symmetric ring of deep convection surrounding a distinct eye, Gaston ultimately peaked with sustained winds of {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} six hours later. A mid-level trough moving southeastward across the North Atlantic eroded a series of ridges steering Gaston, causing the system to drift north and northeast. Cold water upwelling and an eyewall replacement cycle caused Gaston to weaken on August 29,{{cite report|author=John L. Beven II|title=Hurricane Gaston Discussion Number 28|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al07/al072016.public.028.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=August 29, 2016|access-date=September 12, 2016|archive-date=September 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903024821/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al07/al072016.public.028.shtml?|url-status=live}} although the cyclone unexpectedly re-intensified to {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} for a second time around 00:00 UTC on August 31. Later that day, it began encountering increasingly cool waters and a higher shear, leading the storm to fall below major hurricane status by 18:00 UTC on August 31, and below hurricane intensity by 12:00 UTC on September 2. Continuous unfavorable conditions caused deep convection to dissipate, and Gaston transitioned into an extratropical cyclone as its center grazed Flores Island at 18:00 UTC. Gaston's remnant circulation dissipated 24 hours later northwest of the Azores.
{{Clear}}
=Tropical Depression Eight=
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=08L 2016-08-28 1825Z.jpg
| Track=08-L 2016 path.png
| Formed=August 28
| Dissipated=September 1
| 1-min winds=30
| Pressure=1010
}}
A broad low pressure developed on August 26 as a frontal boundary stalled near Bermuda and weakened. Early on August 27, the low became well-defined, but lacked sufficient convection,{{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL082016_Eight}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Eight|author=John P. Cangialosi|date=December 6, 2016|access-date=May 12, 2017|pages=2, 11|publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}} and was plagued by unfavorable conditions such as dry air and moderate wind shear.{{cite report|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|author=Lixion A. Avila|date=August 26, 2016|access-date=August 29, 2016|publisher=National Hurricane Center|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWOAT/2016/TWOAT.201608262337.txt|format=TXT|archive-date=September 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911090505/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWOAT/2016/TWOAT.201608262337.txt|url-status=live}} However, a large burst of convection near and to the west of the center prompted the upgrade to Tropical Depression Eight at 12:00 UTC on August 28 about {{convert|350|mi|km|abbr=on}} southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. A ridge to the north steered the depression westward into an area of moderate wind shear.{{cite report|title=Tropical Depression Eight Discussion Number 1|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=August 29, 2016|date=August 28, 2016|author=Michael J. Brennan|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al08/al082016.discus.001.shtml?|archive-date=September 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907050017/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al08/al082016.discus.001.shtml?|url-status=live}} Late on August 28, the center became exposed from the convection,{{cite report|title=Tropical Depression Eight Discussion Number 2|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=August 29, 2016|date=August 28, 2016|author=Michael Brennan|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al08/al082016.discus.002.shtml?|archive-date=September 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907043501/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al08/al082016.discus.002.shtml?|url-status=live}} but convection increased again after about 24 hours.{{cite web|author=Eric S. Blake|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al08/al082016.discus.006.shtml?|title=Tropical Depression Eight Discussion Number 6|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=August 29, 2016|access-date=May 12, 2017|archive-date=May 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518024522/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al08/al082016.discus.006.shtml|url-status=live}} As it approached the Carolina coastline on August 30, a weakness in the subtropical ridge caused the depression to slow down and turn northward; its closest approach to the United States was {{convert|60|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} south-southeast of Cape Hatteras later that day. The depression then turned eastward in response to becoming entangled in the mid-latitude westerlies. As it accelerated, the circulation began to become elongated. The depression degenerated into a trough of low pressure by 00:00 UTC on September 1. The remnants were absorbed into a frontal system on September 2.
The precursor low dropped about {{convert|1.4|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rainfall on Bermuda, triggering some localized flooding.{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.bm/climate.asp |title=Climate Data |work=Bermuda Weather Service |access-date=May 12, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216052441/http://www.weather.bm/climate.asp |archive-date=December 16, 2009 }} Note: Select the dropdown and select August 2016. The source info is pulled from the observations on the 24th–27th. As the depression approached the coastline, a tropical storm watch was issued for Cape Lookout to Oregon Inlet, North Carolina, early on August 29. This was later upgraded to a warning with the addition of including the Pamlico Sound. As the depression failed to intensify and moved away from the coastline, the warnings were discontinued at 00:00 UTC on August 31. There were only reports of some rainfall, gusty winds, and minor surf in the Outer Banks.{{cite web|url=https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/tropical-depression-eight-tropical-storm-north-carolina-0|date=August 31, 2016|title=Tropical Depression Eight Recap|newspaper=The Weather Channel|access-date=May 12, 2017|archive-date=January 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128194627/https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/tropical-depression-eight-tropical-storm-north-carolina-0|url-status=live}}
{{Clear}}
=Hurricane Hermine=
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=Hermine 2016-09-01 2300Z.png
| Track=Hermine 2016 path.png
| Formed=August 28
| Dissipated=September 3
| 1-min winds=70
| Pressure=981
}}
{{main|Hurricane Hermine}}
A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa between August 16 and August 17. The wave failed to develop for several days due to its quick movement and dry air. Deep convection eventually consolidated and a circulation finally developed by August 28, with a tropical depression developing at 18:00 UTC, about {{convert|60|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} south-southeast of Key West, Florida. Initially, the depression moved westward, until a break in a ridge caused it to move northeastward early on August 31. Around that time, the cyclone intensified into Tropical Storm Hermine. The storm steadily intensified into an {{convert|80|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} Category 1 hurricane by early on September 2, becoming the first hurricane to form in the Gulf of Mexico since Ingrid in 2013.{{cite report|author=Michael J. Brennan|author2=Richard J. Pasch|name-list-style=amp|title=Hurricane Hermine Update 1:55 CDT|date=September 1, 2016|access-date=September 29, 2016|publisher=National Hurricane Center|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al09/al092016.update.09011854.shtml|archive-date=October 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006123854/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al09/al092016.update.09011854.shtml?|url-status=live}} Hermine made landfall near St. Marks, Florida, at 05:30 UTC. After moving inland, Hermine quickly weakened and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 3 near the Outer Banks of North Carolina. The remnant system meandered offshore the Northeastern United States before dissipating over southeastern Massachusetts on September 8.
The precursor system dropped heavy precipitation in portions of the Caribbean, especially the Dominican Republic and Cuba. In the former, the storm damaged more than 200 homes and displaced more than 1,000 people.{{cite report|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/dominican-republic/dominican-republic-severe-weather-onamet-local-media-echo-daily-flash-26|title=Dominican Republic – Severe weather (ONAMET, Local Media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 26 August 2016)|date=August 26, 2016|work=Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations|publisher=ReliefWeb|access-date=September 2, 2016|archive-date=August 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827202939/http://reliefweb.int/report/dominican-republic/dominican-republic-severe-weather-onamet-local-media-echo-daily-flash-26|url-status=live}} Although some areas of Cuba recorded over 12 in (300 mm) of rain, the precipitation was generally beneficial due to a severe drought. In Florida, abnormally high tides and heavy precipitation along the gulf coast caused significant damage. In Citrus County, one of the worst areas impacted, 2,694 structures were damaged, of which 531 experienced severe damage, while damage reached about $102 million.{{cite news|author=Amy Mariani|newspaper=Bay News 9|date=September 8, 2016|access-date=September 9, 2016|title=Thousands of Citrus Co. properties were damaged in Hurricane Hermine|url=http://www.baynews9.com/content/news/baynews9/news/article.html/content/news/articles/bn9/2016/9/8/thousands_of_citrus_.html|archive-date=September 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909164922/http://www.baynews9.com/content/news/baynews9/news/article.html/content/news/articles/bn9/2016/9/8/thousands_of_citrus_.html|url-status=live}} Similar coastal and freshwater flooding occurred in Pasco County, where 7 homes were destroyed, 305 sustained major damage, and 1,564 received minor damage.{{cite news|author=Jeff Patterson|newspaper=WFLA|date=September 7, 2016|access-date=September 7, 2016|title=With $89 million in damage, Hermine may be one of Pasco's most expensive storms|url=http://wfla.com/2016/09/07/with-89-million-in-damage-hermine-may-be-one-of-pascos-most-expensive-storms/|archive-date=September 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908162159/http://wfla.com/2016/09/07/with-89-million-in-damage-hermine-may-be-one-of-pascos-most-expensive-storms/|url-status=live}} Winds primarily left power outages and downed trees, some of which fell onto buildings and vehicles. About 325,000 people were left without electricity.{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/hermine-hits-florida-coast-1st-hurricane-decade-41816713|title=After Slamming Florida, Hermine Threatens East Coast|author=Jason Dearen|date=September 2, 2016|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=ABC News|access-date=September 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911072502/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/hermine-hits-florida-coast-1st-hurricane-decade-41816713|archive-date=September 11, 2016}} Near Ocala, a tree fell on a homeless man's tent, killing him. Flooding and fairly strong winds in other states such as Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina caused additional damage, but to a lesser extent. One death each occurred in South Carolina and North Carolina.{{cite news|title=Man removing tree that fell in Hermine struck, killed by car |url=http://www.heraldonline.com/news/state/south-carolina/article100049232.html |website=The Herald |agency=Associated Press |access-date=September 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911100619/http://www.heraldonline.com/news/state/south-carolina/article100049232.html |archive-date=September 11, 2016 |url-status=dead }} In New York, two fishermen drowned near the Wading River on Long Island due to rough surf.{{cite news|author=Elisha Fieldstadt|title='Far From Over': Hermine to Batter Northeast Coast With High Winds, Storm Surges|date=September 4, 2016|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/far-over-hermine-batter-northeast-coast-high-winds-storm-surges-n642646|newspaper=NBC|access-date=September 4, 2016|archive-date=September 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904200343/http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/far-over-hermine-batter-northeast-coast-high-winds-storm-surges-n642646|url-status=live}} Overall, Hermine caused about $550 million in damage in the United States.
{{Clear}}
=Tropical Storm Ian=
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=Ian 2016-09-14 1645Z.jpg
| Track=Ian 2016 path.png
| Formed=September 12
| Dissipated=September 16
| 1-min winds=50
| Pressure=994
}}
On September 5, the NHC indicated that the development of a tropical cyclone was possible in the East Atlantic over subsequent days.{{cite web|author=Todd B. Kimberlain|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201609051739&basin=atl&fdays=5|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 5, 2016|access-date=September 18, 2016|archive-date=September 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919152555/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201609051739&basin=atl&fdays=5|url-status=live}} A tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa on September 6, slowly coalescing into Tropical Storm Ian by 06:00 UTC on September 12. Steered north and the northeast by an approaching upper-level trough, the cyclone struggled within an environment of high shear, with its low-level center displaced west of its associated convection.{{cite report|author=Richard J. Pasch|title=Tropical Storm Ian Discussion Number 2|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al10/al102016.discus.002.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 12, 2016|access-date=September 18, 2016|archive-date=December 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229073952/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al10/al102016.discus.002.shtml|url-status=live}} An upper-trough became superimposed with the storm's center by late on September 14, yielding a more subtropical-like appearance on conventional satellite. As a result, Ian briefly transitioned into a subtropical storm around 18:00 UTC, but re-acquired tropical characteristics just 18 hours later while moving northeastward away from the aforementioned trough.{{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL102016_Ian}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Ian|author=Lixion A. Avila|date=January 3, 2017|access-date=May 12, 2017|pages=2|publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}} By 06:00 UTC on September 16, a small mid-level eye became apparent and Ian began to intensify, with winds reaching {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} at that time.{{cite report|author=Michael J. Brennan|title=Tropical Storm Ian Discussion Number 16|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al10/al102016.discus.016.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 16, 2016|access-date=September 18, 2016|archive-date=September 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919151308/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al10/al102016.discus.016.shtml|url-status=live}} However, deep convection soon dissipated as cold air wrapped into the center, marking Ian's transition into an extratropical cyclone around 12:00 UTC.{{cite report|author=Eric S. Blake|title=Post-Tropical Cyclone Ian Public Advisory Number 17|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al10/al102016.discus.017.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 16, 2016|access-date=September 18, 2016|archive-date=September 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919225532/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al10/al102016.discus.017.shtml|url-status=live}} On September 17, Ian's remnants were absorbed by a larger extratropical cyclone and soon dissipated.
{{Clear}}
=Tropical Storm Julia=
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=Julia 2016-09-13 1825Z.jpg
| Track=Julia 2016 path.png
| Formed=September 13
| Dissipated=September 18
| 1-min winds=45
| Pressure=1007
}}
{{main|Tropical Storm Julia (2016)}}
On September 1, a tropical wave entered the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. A low-pressure area developed after a burst in convection near the Leeward Islands around September 6, but dry air and wind shear inhibited further development. At 06:00 UTC on September 13, the system maintained sufficient organization to become a tropical depression. Around that time, it made landfall in Jensen Beach, Florida. Despite being inland, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Julia over Jacksonville and peaked with winds of {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} shortly thereafter. The cyclone drifted north-northwestward and then northeastward, moving offshore the Southeastern United States on September 14 under a weak steering regime. A cyclonic loop occurred as strong westerly air developed in the region.{{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL112016_Julia}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Julia|author=Eric S. Blake|date=January 20, 2017|access-date=May 12, 2017|pages=2, 3|publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}} The shear caused fluctuations in intensity, while there were bursts of convection around the disorganized center.{{cite report|author=Michael J. Brennan|title=Tropical Depression Julia Discussion Number 6|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al11/al112016.discus.006.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 15, 2016|access-date=September 29, 2016|archive-date=October 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002033506/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al11/al112016.discus.006.shtml|url-status=live}} By September 19, the center of Julia was devoid of strong convection, as rainbands rapidly diminished, and soon degraded into a remnant low. The remnants dissipated over eastern North Carolina on September 21.
In its precursor and early stages, the storm caused generally minor wind and flooding damage in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina due to its asymmetrical structure and fairly weak intensity. Parts of North Carolina received as much as {{convert|12|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rain, while as much as {{convert|18|in|mm|abbr=on}} fell in the Hampton Roads area of Virginia. A total of 63 people had to be rescued from their homes, and 61 were evacuated from nursing homes. One million gallons of sewage from Elizabeth City flowed into the Pasquotank River and Charles Creek. The Cashie River in Windsor, North Carolina, reached {{convert|15|ft|m|abbr=on}} on September 22, {{convert|2|ft|m|abbr=on}} above flood stage. That same day, Governor Pat McCrory declared a state of emergency in 11 counties. Schools were closed in Bertie, Currituck and Hertford counties.{{cite news|url=http://www.newsobserver.com/news/state/north-carolina/article103634482.html |title=N. Carolina flooding from Julia closes schools, spews sewage |newspaper=News & Observer |agency=Associated Press |date=September 23, 2016 |access-date=September 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927052656/http://www.newsobserver.com/news/state/north-carolina/article103634482.html |archive-date=September 27, 2016 |url-status=dead }} Overall, Julia caused about $6.13 million in damage.{{cite web|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2017|access-date=January 18, 2017|title=Storm Events Database: "Tropical Storm Julia"|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/textsearch.jsp?q=Tropical+Storm+Julia|archive-date=January 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131185559/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/textsearch.jsp?q=Tropical+Storm+Julia|url-status=live}}
{{Clear}}
=Tropical Storm Karl=
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=Karl 2016-09-24 1450Z.jpg
| Track=Karl 2016 path.png
| Formed=September 14
| Dissipated=September 25
| 1-min winds=60
| Pressure=988
}}
A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on September 12. The wave steadily organized while passing through the Cabo Verde Islands, and attained sufficient organization to be declared a tropical depression by 06:00 UTC on September 14.{{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL122016_Karl}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Karl|author=Richard J. Pasch|author2=David A. Zelinsky|name-list-style=amp|date=January 4, 2017|access-date=May 12, 2017|pages=2|publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}} Strong shear plagued the cyclone, with its low-level circulation misplaced from the convection.{{cite report|author=Robbie J. Berg|title=Tropical Depression Twelve Discussion Number 4|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al12/al122016.discus.004.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 15, 2016|access-date=October 6, 2016|archive-date=October 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009140638/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al12/al122016.discus.004.shtml|url-status=live}} By 06:00 UTC on September 15, however, a significant burst of deep convection prompted the depression's upgrade to Tropical Storm Karl. The cyclone continued west for several days across the unfavorable central Atlantic, with convection sheared to the northeast and the circulation occasionally becoming poorly defined. Despite continued predictions of intensification into a powerful hurricane, Karl instead succumbed to the hostile conditions and weakened to a tropical depression around 06:00 UTC on September 21 as it passed close to an upper-level low.{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila|title=Tropical Depression Karl Public Advisory Number 28|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al12/al122016.public.028.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 21, 2016|access-date=October 6, 2016|archive-date=September 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924112014/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al12/al122016.public.028.shtml?|url-status=live}} However, by the following day, the upper-level low moved away to the south, causing a reduction in shear that allowed the system to reattain tropical storm intensity as it curved near Bermuda. Accelerating east-northeastwards, Karl continued to strengthen and it attained peak winds of {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} early on September 25. However, cold air encroached on the low-level circulation by 12:00 UTC that day, marking Karl's transition to an extratropical cyclone.{{cite report|author=Todd B. Kimberlain|title=Post-Tropical Cyclone Karl Discussion Number 45|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al12/al122016.discus.045.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 25, 2016|access-date=October 6, 2016|archive-date=October 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009150517/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al12/al122016.discus.045.shtml|url-status=live}} Karl's remnant low continued northeast over the North Atlantic and was absorbed by another extratropical system early on September 26.
In Bermuda, about 800 people lost power indirectly from the storm due to a mainline fault on the island. Otherwise, damage was relatively minor. Sustained winds of {{convert|46|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and gusts to over {{convert|68|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} were observed, along with {{convert|4.71|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rainfall; this contributed to the wettest September on record in Bermuda.{{cite web|author1=Mark Guishard|author2=James Dodgson|author3=Michael Johnston|date=April 2016|title=Hurricanes – General Information for Bermuda|publisher=Bermuda Weather Service|url=http://www.weather.bm/tropicalArchiveDocuments/Summary%20And%20Miscellaneous/Tropical%20Climatology%20-%20Timeline.docx|access-date=February 5, 2020|archive-date=September 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915074329/http://www.weather.bm/tropicalArchiveDocuments/Summary%20And%20Miscellaneous/Tropical%20Climatology%20-%20Timeline.docx|url-status=dead}} Long-period swells from Karl reached the East Coast of the United States as the storm moved out to sea.{{cite web|url=http://www.tcpalm.com/story/weather/2016/09/24/weather-forecast-sunny-morning-rain-afternoon-saturday-rip-current-risk-high/91017012/|title=Weather: Afternoon storms forming Saturday; rip current risk high|publisher=TCPalm|date=September 24, 2016|access-date=January 10, 2017|archive-date=January 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124064629/https://www.tcpalm.com/story/weather/2016/09/24/weather-forecast-sunny-morning-rain-afternoon-saturday-rip-current-risk-high/91017012/|url-status=live}}
{{Clear}}
=Tropical Storm Lisa=
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=Lisa 2016-09-22 1545Z.jpg
| Track=Lisa 2016 path.png
| Formed=September 19
| Dissipated=September 25
| 1-min winds=45
| Pressure=999
}}
On September 14, the NHC noted the potential for tropical cyclone development in the East Atlantic later in the week.{{cite web|author=John P. Cangialosi|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201609141136&basin=atl&fdays=5|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 14, 2016|access-date=September 19, 2016|archive-date=October 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002031000/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201609141136&basin=atl&fdays=5|url-status=live}} A tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa on September 16, developing into a tropical depression by 12:00 UTC on September 19, about {{convert|225|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} west-southwest of the southernmost Cabo Verde Islands. On September 20, the depression strengthened to Tropical storm Lisa. Around 12:00 UTC on September 22, Lisa peaked with sustained winds of {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} and a minimum pressure of {{convert|999|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}. The storm soon began weakening due increasing wind shear, but Lisa briefly restrengthened on September 24. Lisa managed to maintain tropical storm intensity while battling unfavorable conditions until early on September 25, weakening to a tropical depression at that time. Lisa became a remnant low at 06:00 UTC.{{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL132016_Lisa}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Lisa|author=John L. Beven II|date=February 3, 2017|access-date=May 12, 2017|pages=2|publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}} The remnants were monitored for potential regeneration,{{cite web|author=Stacy R. Stewart|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201609270542&basin=atl&fdays=5|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 27, 2016|access-date=September 29, 2016|archive-date=October 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002032202/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/xgtwo/gtwo_archive.php?current_issuance=201609270542&basin=atl&fdays=5|url-status=live}} but failed to redevelop and dissipated later that day.
{{Clear}}
=Hurricane Matthew=
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=Matthew 2016-10-01 0225Z.png
| Track=Matthew 2016 path.png
| Formed=September 28
| Dissipated=October 9
| 1-min winds=145
| Pressure=934
}}
{{main|Hurricane Matthew}}
{{see also|Meteorological history of Hurricane Matthew|Effects of Hurricane Matthew in Haiti|Effects of Hurricane Matthew in Florida}}
A tropical wave developed into Tropical Storm Matthew near Barbados on September 28. Continuing westward under the influence of a mid-level ridge, the storm steadily intensified to attain hurricane intensity by 18:00 UTC on September 29. The effects of southwesterly wind shear unexpectedly abated late that day, and Matthew began a period of rapid intensification; during a 24-hour period beginning at 00:00 UTC on September 30, the cyclone's maximum winds more than doubled, from {{convert|80|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} to {{convert|165|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, making Matthew a Category 5 hurricane,{{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL142016_Matthew}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Matthew|author=Stacy R. Stewart |date=April 3, 2017|access-date=April 5, 2017|page=2, 3, 4, 5|publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}} the first since Hurricane Felix in 2007.{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila|title=Hurricane Matthew Public Advisory Number 12|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al14/al142016.public.012.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 30, 2016|access-date=October 1, 2016|archive-date=October 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004161109/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al14/al142016.public.012.shtml|url-status=live}} Due to upwelling of cooler waters, Matthew weakened to a Category 4 hurricane later on October 1. Matthew remained a powerful Category 4 hurricane for several days, making landfall near Les Anglais, Haiti, around 11:00 UTC on October 4 with winds of {{convert|150|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. Continuing northward, the cyclone struck Maisí in Cuba early on October 5. Cuba's and Haiti's mountainous terrain weakened Matthew to Category 3 status, as it began to accelerate northwestwards through the Bahamas.
Restrengthening occurred as Matthew's circulation became better organized, with the storm becoming a Category 4 hurricane again while passing Freeport. However, Matthew began to weaken again as an eyewall replacement cycle took place. The storm significantly weakened while closely paralleling the coasts of Florida and Georgia, with the northwestern portion of the outer eyewall coming ashore in Florida while the system was a Category 3 hurricane. Matthew weakened to a Category 2 hurricane late on October 7 and then to a Category 1 hurricane by 12:00 UTC on October 8. About three hours later, the hurricane made landfall at Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, near McClellanville, South Carolina, with winds of {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. Convection became displaced as Matthew pulled away from land,{{cite web|author=Daniel P. Brown|date=October 9, 2016|title=Post-Tropical Cyclone Matthew Discussion Number 47|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al14/al142016.discus.047.shtml?|website=National Hurricane Center|access-date=April 19, 2017|archive-date=March 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328020355/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al14/al142016.discus.047.shtml|url-status=live}} with the storm becoming extratropical about {{convert|200|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, on October 9.
Heavy rains and strong winds buffeted the Lesser Antilles. The winds caused widespread power outages and damaged crops, particularly in St. Lucia, while flooding and landslides caused by the rainfall damaged many homes and roads. One person died in St. Vincent when he was crushed by a boulder.{{cite news|author=Domenica Davis|newspaper=KSBW|date=September 29, 2016|access-date=September 29, 2016|title=Matthew blamed for 1 death in Leeward Islands|url=http://www.ksbw.com/article/matthew-blamed-for-1-death-in-leeward-islands/4259256|archive-date=September 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930170249/http://www.ksbw.com/article/matthew-blamed-for-1-death-in-leeward-islands/4259256|url-status=live}} The storm brought precipitation to Colombia's Guajira Peninsula, which saw its first heavy rain event in three years. One person drowned in a river in Uribia.{{cite news|title=Huracán Matthew se fortalece y aumenta a categoría cuatro|language=es|url=http://noticias.caracoltv.com/colombia/un-muerto-inundaciones-y-danos-deja-ya-en-colombia-el-huracan-matthew|publisher=Noticias Caracol|date=September 30, 2016|access-date=September 30, 2016|archive-date=October 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001174018/http://noticias.caracoltv.com/colombia/un-muerto-inundaciones-y-danos-deja-ya-en-colombia-el-huracan-matthew|url-status=live}} In Haiti, flooding and high winds disrupted telecommunications and destroyed extensive swaths of land; around 80% of Jérémie sustained significant damage.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-37588752|title=Hurricane Matthew: Haiti dead reach 800 as south awaits aid|date=October 8, 2016|newspaper=BBC News|access-date=March 31, 2017|archive-date=October 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008000149/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-37588752|url-status=live}} Matthew left about $1.9 billion in damage and at least 546 deaths.{{cite report|first1=Mühr|last1=Bernhard|first2=James|last2=Daniell|first3=Christina|last3=Wisotzky|first4=Jan|last4=Wandel|first5=Florian|last5=Becker|first6=Marcel|last6=Buchholz|first7=Sven|last7=Baumstark|first8=André|last8=Dittrich|title=C EDIM Forensic Disaster Analysis Group (FDA) Hurricane Matthew 1 4 October 2016 – Report No. 2|url=https://www.cedim.de/download/FDA_matthew_2016_report1_update2.pdf|publisher=Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology|access-date=March 31, 2017|archive-date=4 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404155537/https://www.cedim.de/download/FDA_matthew_2016_report1_update2.pdf|url-status=live}} Heavy rainfall spread eastward across the Dominican Republic, where four were killed.{{cite news|author=David McFadden|date=October 4, 2016|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/f715e5bc945d4db588665aa8f719f3db/haitis-southwest-hunkers-down-night-fury-matthew|title=Hurricane Matthew slams Haiti, takes aim at US East Coast|newspaper=Associated Press|access-date=March 31, 2017|archive-date=March 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313001744/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/f715e5bc945d4db588665aa8f719f3db/haitis-southwest-hunkers-down-night-fury-matthew|url-status=dead}} Effects in Cuba were most severe along the coast, where storm surge caused extensive damage.{{cite news|author=Jerry Iannelli|newspaper=Miami News-Times|date=October 5, 2016|access-date=October 6, 2016|title=Hurricane Matthew Destroyed Parts of Baracoa, Cuba, Last Night|url=http://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/hurricane-matthew-destroyed-parts-of-baracoa-cuba-last-night-8825059|archive-date=October 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006133147/http://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/hurricane-matthew-destroyed-parts-of-baracoa-cuba-last-night-8825059|url-status=live}} Four people were killed due to a bridge collapse,{{cite news|url=http://bnonews.com/news/index.php/news/id5464|title=Bridge damaged by Hurricane Matthew collapses in Cuba, killing 4|date=November 23, 2016|newspaper=BNO News|access-date=November 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124093446/http://bnonews.com/news/index.php/news/id5464|archive-date=2016-11-24|url-status=dead}} and total losses in the country amounted to $2.58 billion, most of which occurred in the Guantánamo Province.{{cite news|title=Hurricane Matthew in Cuba causes over 2.5 bln USD in damage|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-11/01/c_135797912.htm|date=November 1, 2016|newspaper=Xinhua|access-date=February 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102161349/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-11/01/c_135797912.htm|archive-date=November 2, 2016}} Passing through the Bahamas as a major hurricane, Matthew inflicted severe impacts across several islands, particularly Grand Bahama, where an estimated 95% of homes sustained damage in the townships of Eight Mile Rock and Holmes Rock. In Florida, much of the damage occurred was caused by strong winds and storm surge in the east-central and northeastern portions of the state. About 1.2 million people lost power. Damage in Florida reached over $2.75 billion and there were 12 deaths.{{cite journal|volume=58|number=10|journal=Storm Data|title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena|date=October 2016|issn=0039-1972|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-F2911E33-2D5E-44B4-9007-9E57DA4CCB96.pdf|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|access-date=February 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225060124/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-F2911E33-2D5E-44B4-9007-9E57DA4CCB96.pdf|archive-date=February 25, 2021}} An additional 1.3 million people lost electricity in Georgia and South Carolina combined. Torrential rain caused severe flooding, especially in North Carolina and South Carolina, where some rivers exceed record heights set by Hurricane Floyd and the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane.{{cite news|url=http://abc11.com/weather/neuse-river-crests-in-kinston-flooding-could-last-days/1554068/|title=Neuse River crests in Kinston, flooding could last days|first1=Tim|last1=Pulliam|first2=DeJuan|last2=Hoggard|first3=Chris|last3=Hohmann|newspaper=WTVD|date=October 15, 2016|access-date=October 16, 2016|archive-date=October 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017183930/http://abc11.com/weather/neuse-river-crests-in-kinston-flooding-could-last-days/1554068/|url-status=live}} In North Carolina, 100,000 structures were flooded and damage reached $1.5 billion. Overall, Matthew caused at least 603 deaths and about $15.1 billion in damage.{{cite news|language=es|author=Sandra Guerrero Barriga|newspaper=El Heraldo|date=October 1, 2016|access-date=October 1, 2016|title='Matthew' coge fuerza en su avance frente a la Costa|url=http://www.elheraldo.co/la-guajira/matthew-coge-fuerza-en-su-avance-frente-la-costa-289414|archive-date=October 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008213040/http://www.elheraldo.co/la-guajira/matthew-coge-fuerza-en-su-avance-frente-la-costa-289414|url-status=live}}{{cite news|newspaper=CBC News|date=October 14, 2016|access-date=October 17, 2016|title='Absolutely unbelievable' road damage, some areas still cut off|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/rain-storm-aftermath-updates-repairs-al-hawkins-1.3802769|archive-date=October 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017035932/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/rain-storm-aftermath-updates-repairs-al-hawkins-1.3802769|url-status=live}}
=Hurricane Nicole=
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=Nicole_2016-10-13_0555Z.jpg
| Track=Nicole 2016 path.png
| Formed=October 4
| Dissipated=October 18
| 1-min winds=120
| Pressure=950
}}
{{main|Hurricane Nicole (2016)}}
A tropical wave developed into Tropical Storm Nicole about {{convert|530|mi|km|abbr=on}} northeast of San Juan, Puerto Rico, early on October 4,
{{cite tech report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL152016_Nicole}}|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Nicole|author=Todd B. Kimberlain|author2=Andrew S. Latto|name-list-style=amp|date=February 15, 2017|access-date=May 12, 2017|pages=2, 3|publisher=National Hurricane Center|format=PDF}} based on an ASCAT pass revealing a well-defined surface circulation and winds of up to {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. The NHC forecast only gradual strengthening as the storm moved slowly to the north due to weak steering currents.{{cite web|author=Richard J. Pasch|title=Tropical Storm Nicole Discussion Number 1|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al15/al152016.discus.001.shtml|date=October 4, 2016|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=October 4, 2016|archive-date=October 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009143412/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al15/al152016.discus.001.shtml|url-status=live}} An eye then became visible at both mid- and upper-level heights, and Nicole rapidly strengthened to a Category 2 hurricane to the south of Bermuda, as winds reached {{convert|105|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} early on October 7. With Matthew located offshore Florida, this was the first time since 1964 that two hurricanes at or above Category 2 existed simultaneously in the western Atlantic Ocean (65°W).{{cite web|author=Richard J. Pasch|title=Hurricane Nicole Discussion Number 12|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al15/al152016.discus.012.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=October 7, 2016|access-date=March 31, 2017|archive-date=March 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304150941/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al15/al152016.discus.012.shtml|url-status=live}} However, Nicole was then impacted by wind shear, with the eye soon becoming no longer visible and convection diminishing.{{cite web|author=Robbie J. Berg|title=Hurricane Nicole Discussion Number 13|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al15/al152016.discus.013.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=October 6, 2016|access-date=March 31, 2017|archive-date=April 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401054849/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al15/al152016.discus.013.shtml|url-status=live}} Nicole rapidly weakened to a strong tropical storm on October 7. Further weakening occurred as it drifted southward, and by October 8, the circulation was exposed and the system was barely a tropical storm, with all convection displaced to the south.{{cite web|author=Richard J. Pasch|title=Tropical Storm Nicole Discussion Number 18|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al15/al152016.discus.018.shtml|date=October 8, 2016|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=May 12, 2017|archive-date=May 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518053235/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al15/al152016.discus.018.shtml|url-status=live}} Later that day, an impressive burst of convection flared up over the center, and Nicole again became more organized as it began to turn to the north.{{cite web|author=Todd B. Kimberlain|title=Tropical Storm Nicole Discussion Number 19|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al15/al152016.discus.019.shtml|date=October 8, 2016|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=March 31, 2017|archive-date=March 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304171930/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al15/al152016.discus.019.shtml|url-status=live}}
Gradual intensification continued throughout the next few days before briefly stopping, then later resuming on October 11 as the storm turned towards Bermuda and re-strengthened to Category 1 status. On October 12, Nicole became a Category 2 hurricane again. Later on the same day, Nicole became a major hurricane upon reaching Category 3 intensity. The next day, Nicole briefly strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane, peaking with maximum sustained winds of {{convert|140|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. However, the storm weakened back to a Category 3 hurricane several hours later due to increasing vertical wind shear. At 15:00 UTC on October 13, the hurricane's eye passed directly over Bermuda, where automated surface station measured sustained winds of {{convert|87|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and a gust reaching {{convert|119|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|author=Daniel P. Brown|author2=Robbie J. Berg|name-list-style=amp|title=Hurricane Nicole Public Advisory Number 38|date=October 13, 2016|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al15/al152016.public.038.shtml?|access-date=October 13, 2016|publisher=National Hurricane Center|archive-date=October 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013222039/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2016/al15/al152016.public.038.shtml|url-status=live}} At 06:00 UTC on October 14, southwesterly wind shear reduced the system to Category 1 status. The storm slowly began to weaken the next day, falling to a tropical storm intensity early on October 18. Nicole transitioned into an extratropical cyclone at 06:00 UTC later that day.
Overall, Nicole was responsible for $15 million in damages across Bermuda. Along the East Coast of the United States, a swimmer in North Carolina drowned due to rip currents produced by Nicole.{{cite news |author=Irene Nolan |newspaper=Island Free Press |date=October 17, 2016 |access-date=October 19, 2016 |title=Update: Body of missing swimmer found near Avon pier |url=http://islandfreepress.org/2016Archives/10.17.2016-UPDATEBodyOfMissingSwimmerFoundNearAvonPier.html |archive-date=October 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020042904/http://islandfreepress.org/2016Archives/10.17.2016-UPDATEBodyOfMissingSwimmerFoundNearAvonPier.html |url-status=live }}
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=Hurricane Otto=
{{Infobox tropical cyclone small
| Basin=Atl
| Image=Otto 2016-11-24 1605Z (gallery).jpg
| Track=Otto 2016 path.png
| Formed=November 20
| Dissipated=November 25
(Exited basin)
| 1-min winds=100
| Pressure=975
}}
{{main|Hurricane Otto}}
On November 15, a broad low-pressure area developed in the southwestern Caribbean Sea. After an increase in convective organization, the system developed into a tropical depression about {{convert|120|mi|km|abbr=on}} north of Colón, Panama late on November 20. Fueled by warm waters and good outflow, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Otto by 06:00 UTC on November 21. Otto deepened into a hurricane on November 23 while drifting westward; this was the latest date for a tropical cyclone to reach that intensity over the Caribbean Sea, one day later than the previous record set by Hurricane Martha in 1969. Otto rapidly intensified throughout the following day, and at 17:30 UTC November 24, the storm made landfall on the southern Nicaragua coast near San Juan de Nicaragua at peak intensity, as a Category 3 hurricane with winds of {{convert|115|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. This was the southernmost hurricane landfall in Central America. Weakening ensued as Otto moved inland. Around 03:30 UTC on November 25, Otto exited into the Eastern Pacific, marking the first time a tropical cyclone survived the crossover from the Atlantic to the Eastern Pacific since Hurricane Cesar–Douglas in 1996.{{cite report|author=Daniel P. Brown|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=February 1, 2017|access-date=February 1, 2017|title=Hurricane Otto|series=Tropical Cyclone Report|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL162016_Otto.pdf|pages=2, 3, 5|format=PDF|archive-date=April 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428164339/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL162016_Otto.pdf|url-status=live}}
In Panama, the outer bands of Otto brought heavy precipitation and strong winds. The hurricane left nine deaths in the country, with one after a house was struck by a falling tree in Panama City, three from landslides, two by drowning in a rain-swollen river, and three others after the ship Jessica sank.{{cite news|language=es|newspaper=Noticias RCN|date=November 28, 2016|access-date=December 6, 2016|title=Ya son nueve los muertos por coletazo de huracán Otto en Panamá|url=http://www.noticiasrcn.com/internacional-america/son-nueve-los-muertos-coletazo-huracan-otto-panama|archive-date=October 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016185525/https://noticias.canalrcn.com/internacional-america/son-nueve-los-muertos-coletazo-huracan-otto-panama|url-status=live}} Generally, rainfall of {{convert|3|to|6|in|mm|abbr=on}} was observed in Nicaragua. Throughout the country, Otto damaged 857 houses, 8 schools, and 2 health facilities. About 5,600 ft (1,700 m) of power lines were damaged, causing power and water outages.{{cite report|work=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|date=November 29, 2016|access-date=May 12, 2017|title=Flash Email 5 Central America Tropical Storm Otto 29 November 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/costa-rica/flash-email-5-central-america-tropical-storm-otto-29-november-2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116173359/https://reliefweb.int/report/costa-rica/flash-email-5-central-america-tropical-storm-otto-29-november-2016|url-status=live}} Four deaths were reported.{{cite news|title=Hurricane Otto leaves at least nine dead in Costa Rica|newspaper=Al Jazeera|date=November 26, 2016|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/11/hurricane-otto-leaves-dead-costa-rica-161126083019588.html|access-date=November 26, 2016|archive-date=June 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622165240/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/11/hurricane-otto-leaves-dead-costa-rica-161126083019588.html|url-status=live}}. In Costa Rica, rainfall peaked at {{convert|12.11|in|mm|abbr=on}} at Miravalles Volcano. Flooding and mudslides left 42 communities isolated and damaged 14 water systems. Damage reached at least $190 million and there were 10 fatalities.{{cite news|author=Angeles Rodriguez|title=Costa Rica has hurricane Otto reconstruction price tag|url=https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/waterandwaste/costa-rica-has-hurricane-otto-reconstruction-price-tag/|date=November 25, 2016|newspaper=BNamericas|access-date=May 12, 2017|archive-date=March 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327082842/https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/waterandwaste/costa-rica-has-hurricane-otto-reconstruction-price-tag/|url-status=live}}
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Storm names
{{Tropical cyclone naming}}
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2016. This was the same list used in the 2010 season, with the exceptions of Ian and Tobias, which replaced Igor and Tomas, respectively.{{cite web|title=2016 Hurricane Names for the Atlantic|date=June 30, 2016|url=https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/atlantic-hurricane-season-names-2016|publisher=The Weather Channel|access-date=January 22, 2024|archive-date=January 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123133722/https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/atlantic-hurricane-season-names-2016|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=Two Tropical Cyclone Names Retired from List of Atlantic Storms|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/tropical_cyclone_names_retired_2011.pdf|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|location=Washington, D.C.|date=March 16, 2011|access-date=January 22, 2024|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120190839/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/tropical_cyclone_names_retired_2011.pdf|url-status=live}} The name Ian was used for the first time in 2016.
| style="width:90%;"
| | |
|
=Retirement=
{{see also|List of retired Atlantic hurricane names}}
On March 26, 2017, at the 39th session of the RA IV hurricane committee, the World Meteorological Organization retired the names Matthew and Otto from its rotating name lists due to the amount of damage and deaths each one caused, and they will not be used again in the North Atlantic basin. They were replaced with Martin and Owen, respectively, when the list was used again for the 2022 season.{{cite web|url=http://www.noaa.gov/media-release/world-meteorological-organization-retires-storm-names-matthew-and-otto|title=World Meteorological Organization retires storm names Matthew and Otto|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|location=Washington, D.C.|date=March 27, 2017|access-date=January 22, 2024|archive-date=March 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327175929/http://www.noaa.gov/media-release/world-meteorological-organization-retires-storm-names-matthew-and-otto|url-status=live}}{{cite report|url=https://www.weather.gov/media/nws/IHC2022/2022_NHOP_June_1.pdf|page=3-8|publisher=NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research|location=Washington, D.C.|title=National Hurricane Operations Plan|date=May 2022|access-date=January 22, 2024|archive-date=November 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123211025/https://www.weather.gov/media/nws/IHC2022/2022_NHOP_June_1.pdf|url-status=live}}
Season effects
This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 2016 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2016 USD.
{{Saffir–Simpson small|align=center}}
{{center|{{TC stats table start3|year=2016|basin=North Atlantic tropical cyclone}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=Alex|dates=January 12–15|max-winds=85 (140)|min-press=981|areas=The Bahamas, Bermuda, Azores, Southern Greenland|damage=Minimal|deaths=(1)}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Bonnie|dates=May 27 – June 4|max-winds=45 (75)|min-press=1006|areas=The Bahamas, Southeastern United States|damage=$640,000|deaths=2}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Colin|dates=June 5–7|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=1001|areas=Yucatán Peninsula, Greater Antilles, East Coast of the United States|damage=$1.04 million|deaths=6}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Danielle|dates=June 19–21|max-winds=45 (75)|min-press=1007|areas=Yucatán Peninsula, Eastern Mexico|damage=Minimal|deaths=1}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=Earl|dates=August 2–6|max-winds=85 (140)|min-press=979|areas=Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Central America, East Mexico|damage=$250 million|deaths=94}}{{cite news |language=es |agency=Notimex |publisher=El Financierio |date=August 4, 2016 |access-date=August 8, 2016 |title=Tormenta 'Earl' deja en Guatemala 500 afectados |url=http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/mundo/tormenta-earl-deja-en-guatemala-500-afectados.html |archive-date=August 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807013621/http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/mundo/tormenta-earl-deja-en-guatemala-500-afectados.html |url-status=live }}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Fiona|dates=August 16–23|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=1004|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat3|name=Gaston|dates=August 22 – September 2|max-winds=120 (195)|min-press=955|areas=Azores|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=Eight|dates=August 28 – September 1|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1010|areas=North Carolina|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=Hermine|dates=August 28 – September 3|max-winds=80 (130)|min-press=981|areas=Greater Antilles, Gulf Coast of the United States, The Bahamas, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada|damage=$550 million|deaths=4 (1)}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Ian|dates=September 12–16|max-winds=60 (95)|min-press=994|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Julia|dates=September 13–18|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=1007|areas=Southeastern United States|damage=$6.13 million|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Karl|dates=September 14–25|max-winds=70 (110)|min-press=988|areas=Cape Verde, Bermuda|damage=Minimal|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Lisa|dates=September 19–25|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=999|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat5|name=Matthew|dates=September 28 – October 9|max-winds=165 (270)|min-press=934|areas=Windward Islands, Leeward Antilles, South America, Greater Antilles, Lucayan Archipelago, Southeastern United States, Atlantic Canada|damage=$16.47 billion|deaths=586 (17)}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat4|name=Nicole|dates=October 4–18|max-winds=140 (220)|min-press=950|areas=Bermuda|damage=$15 million|deaths=1}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat3|name=Otto|dates=November 20–25|max-winds = 115 (185)|min-press=975|areas=Central America|damage=≥ $192.2 million|deaths=23}}
{{TC stats table end3|num-cyclones=16|dates=January 12 – November 25|max-winds=165 (270)|min-press=934|tot-areas=|tot-damage=≥ $17.485 billion|tot-deaths=717 (19)}}}}
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See also
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
- Weather of 2016
- Tropical cyclones in 2016
- 2016 Pacific hurricane season
- 2016 Pacific typhoon season
- 2016 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2015–16, 2016–17
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 2015–16, 2016–17
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2015–16, 2016–17
- South Atlantic tropical cyclone
- Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
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Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov National Hurricane Center Website]
{{2016 Atlantic hurricane season buttons}}
{{TC Decades|Year=2010|basin=Atlantic|type=hurricane}}
{{Tropical cyclone season|2016}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:2016 Atlantic Hurricane Season}}
Category:Atlantic hurricane seasons