2023 European heatwaves

{{Further|Climate change in Europe}}

On 1 January 2023, at least eight European countries recorded their warmest January day ever: Liechtenstein, the Czech Republic, Poland, the Netherlands, Belarus, Lithuania, Denmark and Latvia.{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=Christian |date=2023-01-03 |title='Uncharted territory': January heat records smashed across Europe |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/03/europe/europe-heat-records-climate-intl/index.html |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615221812/https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/03/europe/europe-heat-records-climate-intl/index.html |url-status=live }} This was attributed to climate change.{{Cite web |date=2023-01-03 |title=Europe Sees 'Unprecedented' Winter Heat Wave As 2023 Begins |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/europe-winter-heat-wave-2023_n_63b378f6e4b0fe267caa8a7a |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=HuffPost UK |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615221812/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/europe-winter-heat-wave-2023_n_63b378f6e4b0fe267caa8a7a |url-status=live }}

Scientists have attributed the 2023 heat waves to human-made climate change.{{cite web |title=Extreme heat in North America, Europe and China in July 2023 made much more likely by climate change |url=https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/extreme-heat-in-north-america-europe-and-china-in-july-2023-made-much-more-likely-by-climate-change/ |website=World Weather Attribution |access-date=3 August 2023}}{{cite web |title=July 2023 Is Hottest Month Ever Recorded on Earth |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/july-2023-is-hottest-month-ever-recorded-on-earth/ |website=Scientific American |access-date=3 August 2023}} During each day in July 2023, two billion people experience heat conditions made at least three times more likely due to climate change and 6.5 billion people experienced this impact at least one day in this month. The heatwaves caused severe damage in southern US, Southern Europe, South and southeast Asia.{{cite web |last1=IGINI |first1=MARTINA |title=More than 80% of People on Earth Experienced a Hotter July Triggered by Climate Change: Report |url=https://earth.org/more-than-80-of-people-on-earth-experienced-a-hotter-july-triggered-by-climate-change-report/# |website=Earth.Org |date=4 August 2023 |publisher=Climate central |access-date=4 August 2023}}

Heatwaves becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change are a big problem for Europe. The heatwaves in the year 2003 killed 70,000 people, while in the record breaking summer of 2022, 61,672 people died. The mortality was 56% higher among women in comparison to men. The countries with the highest rates of mortality were Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal. According to one climate researcher Hicham Achebak: "The fact that more than 61,600 people in Europe died of heat stress in the summer of 2022, even though, unlike in 2003, many countries already had active prevention plans in place, suggests that the adaptation strategies currently available may still be insufficient,". In the future heat related mortality can be significantly higher. According to NASA senior scientist Katherine Calvin: "Future warming depends on future emissions".{{cite news |last1=Treisman |first1=Rachel |title=Heat waves in Europe killed more than 61,600 people last summer, a study estimates |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/07/12/1187068731/heat-waves-europe-deaths-study |access-date=4 August 2023 |agency=NPR |publisher=Nature |date=12 July 2023}}

Albania set its all-time high temperature record at {{cvt|44|C}} in Kuçovë.{{cite news |last1=Ian |first1=Livingston |title=Albania hits all-time high as heat blasts southern Europe and fires rage |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2023/07/24/greece-southern-europe-heatwave-fires/ |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=7 August 2023 |date=25 July 2023}}

On 18 June, temperatures above {{cvt|30.0|C}} were recorded at eight stations in the Ubimet network, reaching {{cvt|31.3|C}} in Bludenz and marking the beginning of a heat wave that was expected to peak on 22 June.{{Cite web |last=Brandes |first=Konstantin |date=19 June 2023 |title=Diese Woche große Hitze und schwere Gewitter |url=https://uwz.at/de/a/diese-woche-grosse-hitze-und-schwere-gewitter |access-date=23 June 2023 |website=UWZ.at |publisher=UBIMET GmbH |language=de |archive-date=23 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623054644/https://uwz.at/de/a/diese-woche-grosse-hitze-und-schwere-gewitter |url-status=live }} Prior to 18 June, a temperature of {{cvt|30.0|C}} was not recorded at any official station in Austria since the beginning of 2023, marking the country's latest first occurrence of the value in a calendar year since 1990. On 22 June, temperatures of {{cvt|35.0|C}} or higher were recorded at eight stations in the Ubimet network, reaching {{cvt|36.2|C}} in Bad Goisern am Hallstättersee.{{Cite web |date=22 June 2023 |title=Mit bis zu 36,2 Grad in Bad Goisern war heute der bislang heißeste Tag des Jahres in Österreich. Im Vorfeld einer Kaltfront steigt die Gewittergefahr in den Alpen aber an und in der Nacht herrscht an der Alpennordseite erhöhte Sturmgefahr! ⚠️ |url=https://twitter.com/uwz_at/status/1671910104914960384 |access-date=23 June 2023 |website=Twitter |language=de |archive-date=23 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623060123/https://twitter.com/uwz_at/status/1671910104914960384 |url-status=live }}

The second heat wave of 2023 was expected to affect Austria between 10 July and 13 July, with maximum temperatures of up to {{cvt|36|C}} predicted to occur during the first two days.{{Cite web |last=Zimmermann |first=Nikolas |date=9 July 2023 |title=Zu Wochenbeginn große Hitze mit bis zu 36 Grad, danach kräftige Gewitter |url=https://uwz.at/de/a/zu-wochenbeginn-grosse-hitze-mit-bis-zu-36-grad-danach-kraeftige-gewitter |access-date=9 July 2023 |website=UWZ.at |publisher=UBIMET GmbH |language=de |archive-date=9 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709182107/https://uwz.at/de/a/zu-wochenbeginn-grosse-hitze-mit-bis-zu-36-grad-danach-kraeftige-gewitter |url-status=live }} After two days of heavy thunderstorms, temperatures in excess of {{cvt|30|C}} were expected to return on 14 July and reach as high as {{cvt|38|C}} in areas north of the Alps on 15 July.{{Cite web |last=Brandes |first=Konstantin |date=13 July 2023 |title=Nach Unwettern kehrt Hitze zurück |url=https://uwz.at/de/a/nach-unwettern-kehrt-hitze-zurueck |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=UWZ.at |publisher=UBIMET GmbH |language=de |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718025702/https://uwz.at/de/a/nach-unwettern-kehrt-hitze-zurueck |url-status=live }} During the week starting on 17 July, heavy thunderstorms kept forming in western and southern Austria on a daily basis. They were especially intense in Styria and Carinthia, and also affected parts of Italy, Slovenia and Croatia.{{Cite web |last=Salmi |first=Michele |date=18 July 2023 |title=Kräftige Gewitter im Westen und Süden am 18. Juli 2023 |url=https://uwz.at/de/a/heute-kraeftige-gewitter-im-westen-und-sueden-besonders-in-kaernten |access-date=20 July 2023 |website=UWZ.at |publisher=UBIMET GmbH |language=de }}{{Cite web |last=Salmi |first=Michele |date=19 July 2023 |title=Starke Gewitter im Süden am 19.07.2023 |url=https://uwz.at/de/a/naechste-runde-heute-starke-gewitter-im-sueden |access-date=20 July 2023 |website=UWZ.at |publisher=UBIMET GmbH |language=de }}

On 12 June 2023, officials issued a heat wave health warning.{{Cite web |title=Belgium issues heatwave warning - Timeturk Haber |url=https://www.timeturk.com/en/belgium-issues-heatwave-warning/news-77304 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.timeturk.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615221814/https://www.timeturk.com/en/belgium-issues-heatwave-warning/news-77304 |url-status=live }}

The highest temperature was measured on 8 July in Westmalle when it reached {{cvt|34.4|C|F}}.[https://www.meteo.be/uploads/media/64c8ccf63c19c/klimatologisch-maandoverzicht-202307.pdf?token=/uploads/media/64c8ccf63c19c/klimatologisch-maandoverzicht-202307.pdf Klimatologisch maandoverzicht] meteo.be

Temperatures in Bulgaria reached {{Cvt|41|C}} during the Cerberus heat wave. Temperatures stayed above {{Cvt|35|C}} for more than 2 weeks.

Temperatures reached {{cvt|40|C}} by 13 July, sparking a significant wildfire near Šibenik.{{Cite news |date=13 July 2023 |title=Cerberus heatwave fans out to Balkans |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/cerberus-heatwave-fans-out-balkans-2023-07-13/}}

Temperatures in Cyprus neared {{cvt|45|C}} inland during the heatwave, with even elevated mountainous areas such as the Troodos region reaching a record-breaking {{cvt|36|C}}.{{Cite web |title=Eastern Mediterranean: High temperatures forecast to persist across Cyprus and parts of the Middle East through at least July 17 |url=https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2023/07/eastern-mediterranean-high-temperatures-forecast-to-persist-across-cyprus-and-parts-of-the-middle-east-through-at-least-july-17 |website=Crisis24}} Government officials issued heat warnings and set up "heat shelters" in various cities.{{Cite news |date=12 July 2023 |title=Heatwave set to sizzle Cyprus (Updated) |work=Cyprus Mail |url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2023/07/12/heatwave-set-to-sizzle-cyprus/}}

The Czech Republic experienced the hottest day of the year so far on 15 July. In several places, it was above {{cvt|38|C}}, the warmest in Plzeň-Bolevec and Řež near Prague, where temperatures reached {{cvt|38.6|C}}. Nearly 100 of the 160 or so stations measuring 30 years or more recorded temperature highs for 15 July.{{Cite web |date=2023-07-15 |title=Nejteplejší den roku přinesl stovku rekordů, v Plzni a Řeži naměřili 38,6 stupně |url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/vlna-veder-extremni-pocasi-cesko-teploty-rekordy.A230715_075808_domaci_ivos |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=iDNES.cz |language=cs}}

By 1 June 2023, 50 departments of France were under orange vigilance and 24 under yellow vigilance.{{Cite web |title=Heatwave in Ile-de-France this summer 2023? Which departments are expected to be the hottest? |url=https://www.sortiraparis.com/en/news/in-paris/articles/294391-heatwave-in-ile-de-france-this-summer-2023-which-departments-are-expected-to-be-the-hottest |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.sortiraparis.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615221815/https://www.sortiraparis.com/en/news/in-paris/articles/294391-heatwave-in-ile-de-france-this-summer-2023-which-departments-are-expected-to-be-the-hottest |url-status=live }} At least 80 heat-related deaths were recorded from 7–13 July.{{Cite web |title=France reports 80 deaths in July's heat wave|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/environment/france-reports-80-deaths-in-july-s-heat-wave/2960132|date=2 August 2023|access-date=22 August 2023}}

The highest temperature was measured on 23 August in Toulouse, when it reached {{cvt|42.4|C|F}}.{{Cite web|url=https://www.extremeweatherwatch.com/cities/toulouse/year-2023|title=Toulouse Weather in 2023|website=www.extremeweatherwatch.com|accessdate=18 November 2023}} A report released by Public Health France on February 8, 2024, confirmed that 5,167 people died due to the heat during the summer in France in 2023.{{cite web|url=https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/plus-de-5-000-morts-lies-a-la-chaleur-lors-de-lete-2023-20240208_UFBI7UKESFFJ7MHLRKWS4DPUM4/|title=Plus de 5 000 morts liés à la chaleur lors de l'été 2023|work=Libération|date=8 February 2024|language=French}}

Germany saw warmer than usual temperatures.{{Cite news |date=2023-06-15 |title=Hot Temperatures in Germany Poised to Last Through Next Week |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-15/hot-temperatures-in-germany-poised-to-last-through-next-week |access-date=2023-06-15 |archive-date=2023-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718025703/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-15/hot-temperatures-in-germany-poised-to-last-through-next-week |url-status=live }} The German government has promised a plan to prevent heatwave deaths.{{Cite web |title=Germany draws up plan to prevent heatwave deaths – DW – 06/13/2023 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-draws-up-plan-to-prevent-heatwave-deaths/a-65904829 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=dw.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614212951/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-draws-up-plan-to-prevent-heatwave-deaths/a-65904829 |url-status=live }} On 22 June, temperatures rose to 35.7 °C during the nations first heatwave of 2023.{{Cite web |title=@DWD_klima |url=https://twitter.com/DWD_klima/status/1672217549184835585 |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=Twitter |language=en}} A second period of high temperatures in early July lead the temperatures to rise to 38 °C on 9 July.{{Cite web |title=@DWD_presse |url=https://twitter.com/DWD_presse/status/1678303419449110528 |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=Twitter |language=en}} On 15 July the temperature reached 38.8 °C in Möhrendorf-Kleinseebach.{{Cite web |title=@DWD_presse |url=https://twitter.com/DWD_presse/status/1680496544913530880 |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=Twitter |language=en}}

On 20 July, the Robert Koch Institute estimated that at least 830 heat-related excess deaths occurred in the country between 10 April and 9 July.{{Cite web |title=RKI - Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen von Hitze - Wochenbericht zur hitzebedingten Mortalität |url=https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/GesundAZ/H/Hitzefolgekrankheiten/Bericht_Hitzemortalitaet.html?nn=13282292 |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=www.rki.de}}

{{See also|2023 Greece wildfires}}

On 14 July 2023, the World Meteorological Organization station in Thiva registered {{cvt|44.2|C}} making it the highest temperature in the country for that day.{{Cite web |title=World Meteorological Organization |url=https://oscar.wmo.int/surface/#/search/station/stationReportDetails/0-300-1-thiva |access-date=14 July 2023 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620125224/https://oscar.wmo.int/surface/#/search/station/stationReportDetails/0-300-1-thiva |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Thiva Met station |url=https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/thiva/ |access-date=14 July 2023 |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714153130/https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/thiva/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Karditsalive.net |url=https://www.karditsalive.net/eidiseis/ellada/epikerwthta/%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82-%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%89%CE%BD-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82-44-%CE%B7-%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%B2%CE%B1-%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BE%CE%B5-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82-42-%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82-%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%B7-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1-%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%AE-14-7 |access-date=14 July 2023 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718025648/https://www.karditsalive.net/eidiseis/ellada/epikerwthta/%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82-%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%89%CE%BD-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82-44-%CE%B7-%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%B2%CE%B1-%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BE%CE%B5-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82-42-%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82-%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%B7-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1-%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%AE-14-7 |url-status=live }} On the same day Athens recorded {{cvt|43.4|C}} in the suburb of Filothei.{{cite web | url=https://www.citizenweather.gr/2023/07/15/megistes-thermokrasies-kausona-attiki-paraskeyi/ | title=Attica heatwave maximum temperatures 14-07-2023 | date=14 July 2023 | accessdate=16 July 2023 | archive-date=16 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716070924/https://www.citizenweather.gr/2023/07/15/megistes-thermokrasies-kausona-attiki-paraskeyi/ | url-status=live }} Officials in Athens announced midday closure of the Acropolis.{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=Europe, China and US swelter in record-breaking heatwaves |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230714-europe-china-and-us-swelter-in-record-breaking-heatwaves |website=France 24}} On 15 July 2023, the National Observatory of Athens station in Elafonisi also recorded a maximum temperature of {{cvt|44.2|C}}.{{cite web | url=http://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/elafonisi/ | title=N.O.A | accessdate=15 July 2023 | archive-date=15 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715112625/http://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/elafonisi/ | url-status=live }}

On 15 July, five people in Athens Urban Area were reported to have suffered from hyperthermia, while at least 10 more reportedly fainted, though it is not clear how many of them did so due to the heat.

The Hellenic National Meteorological Service issued an Orange Warning for Extremely High Temperatures.{{Cite web|title=Πέντε θερμοπληξίες στο Λεκανοπέδιο Αττικής λόγω καύσωνα|date=15 July 2023 |url=https://www.ertnews.gr/eidiseis/ellada/pente-thermopliksies-sto-lekanopedio-attikis-logo-kaysona/?amp|access-date=15 July 2023|archive-date=18 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718025634/https://www.ertnews.gr/eidiseis/ellada/pente-thermopliksies-sto-lekanopedio-attikis-logo-kaysona/?amp|url-status=live}} On that day the highest temperature in the Athens metropolitan area was {{cvt|43.6|C}} in Aspropyrgos.{{cite web | url=https://temperature.gr/details/A%CF%83%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82%20%28%CE%94%CE%B9%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%29 | title=Aspropyrgos (Refinery) Met Station | accessdate=16 July 2023 | archive-date=16 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716071837/https://temperature.gr/details/A%CF%83%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82%20%28%CE%94%CE%B9%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%29 | url-status=live }} On 20 July 2023, a delivery driver in Chalcis died from cardiac arrest, a few hours after he ended his shift. The man was found out to be uninsured and the owner of the grill house was later arrested. He was working for hours outdoors with temperatures exceeding {{cvt|40|C}}.{{Cite web |title=Greece's first heatwave victim was uninsured and working double shifts |url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2023/07/22/greeces-first-heatwave-victim/ |url-status=live |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=greekcitytimes.com |archive-date=23 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723073011/https://greekcitytimes.com/2023/07/22/greeces-first-heatwave-victim/ }}{{Cite web |last=Lina |first=Kekesi |date=21 July 2023 |title=Χαλκίδα: "Δούλευε ανασφάλιστος και διπλοβάρδιες ο 46χρόνος που πέθανε από θερμοπληξία" |url=https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/1394919/halkida-douleue-anasfalistos-kai-diplovardies-o-46hronos-pou-pethane-apo-thermoplixia/ |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=protothema.gr}} On 22 July 2023, Kato Tithorea registered {{cvt|44.2|C}} making it the highest temperature in the country for that day,{{cite web | url=http://www.emy.gr/emy/el/observation/yesterday_weather | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723021547/http://www.emy.gr/emy/el/observation/yesterday_weather | archive-date=2023-07-23 | title=Ο Καιρός Χτες, ΕΜΥ, Εθνική Μετεωρολογική Υπηρεσία }} while the World Meteorological Organization station in Lefkohori recorded {{cvt|44.1|C}}.[https://oscar.wmo.int/surface/#/search/station/stationReportDetails/0-300-1-lefkochori Lefkochori] oscar.wmo.int{{cite web | url=https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/lefkochori/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722141917/https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/lefkochori/ | archive-date=2023-07-22 | title=Latest Conditions in Lefkochori }}

On 23 July 2023, the World Meteorological Organization station in Gytheio recorded {{cvt|46.4|C}} making it the highest temperature in the country for that day[https://oscar.wmo.int/surface/#/search/station/stationReportDetails/0-300-1-gytheio Gytheio] oscar.wmo.int{{cite web | url=https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/gytheio | title=Latest Conditions in Gytheio }}{{cite web | url=https://www.meteo.gr/article_view.cfm?entryID=2850 | title=Gytheio record | accessdate=23 July 2023}} while Nea Filadelfeia in Athens recorded {{cvt|45.4|C}}.{{cite web | url=http://www.emy.gr/emy/el/observation/yesterday_weather | title=Attica temperatures | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724031805/http://www.emy.gr/emy/el/observation/yesterday_weather | accessdate=24 July 2023| archive-date=2023-07-24 }} On 26 July 2023, the World Meteorological Organization station in Agia Triada recorded {{cvt|46.1|C}} making it the highest temperature in the country for that day.[https://oscar.wmo.int/surface/#/search/station/stationReportDetails/0-300-1-agiatriada Agia Triada (Greece)] oscar.wmo.int{{cite web | url=https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/agia_triada/ | title=Agia Triada met station | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726202048/https://penteli.meteo.gr/stations/agia_triada/ | accessdate=28 July 2023| archive-date=2023-07-26 }}

Throughout the prolonged heat wave, wildfires devastated parts of the country, killing at least 28 people,{{Cite web |last=ertnews.gr |first=Συντακτική Ομάδα |date=2023-08-25 |title=Έβρος: Άλλος ένας μετανάστης νεκρός στις φλόγες κι ένας από παθολογικά αίτια - Μάχη με τις αναζωπυρώσεις |url=https://www.ertnews.gr/featured/evros-allos-enas-metanastis-nekros-stis-floges-ki-enas-apo-pathologika-aitia-maxi-me-tis-anazopyroseis/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=ertnews.gr |language=el}} mostly in the Athens metropolitan area and Rhodes.[https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/1395165/fotia-sti-rodo-mainetai-to-megalo-metopo-anisuhia-gia-ton-akraio-kinduno-simera/ Φωτιά στη Ρόδο: Μαίνεται το μεγάλο μέτωπο - Ανησυχία για τον «ακραίο κίνδυνο» σήμερα] protothema.gr (in Greek)

Met Éireann stated that 2023 had the hottest June on record with an average monthly temperature of greater than 16 °C and a maximum of 28.8 °C at Oak Park in County Carlow on Tuesday 13 June, setting a heat record for 13 June in Ireland.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-06-30 |title=Hottest June on record for Ireland as average temperatures of 16+°C break 83-year-old record |url=https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/b7076-hottest-june-on-record-for-ireland-as-average-temperatures-of-16c-break-83-year-old-record/# |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729142137/https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/b7076-hottest-june-on-record-for-ireland-as-average-temperatures-of-16c-break-83-year-old-record/ |archive-date=2023-07-29 |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=gov.ie |language=en}}

Since 11 July, at least six men{{cite web|url=https://milano.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/23_luglio_12/lodi-lavora-sotto-al-sole-con-40-gradi-muore-operaio-di-44-anni-stava-tracciando-la-segnaletica-stradale-da26617c-17d7-4764-8013-1cd19fadcxlk.shtml|title=Lodi, lavora sotto al sole con 40 gradi, muore operaio di 44 anni: stava tracciando la segnaletica stradale|work=Corriere della Sera|date=11 July 2023|language=Italian}}{{cite web|url=https://www.today.it/cronaca/muore-sul-lavoro-per-caldo.html|title=Muore per il caldo soffocante sul lavoro: è il secondo caso in pochi giorni|work=Today|date=14 July 2023|language=Italian}}{{cite web|url=https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2023/07/18/news/operaio_morto_cantiere_tav_lonato_garda-408220685/|title=Operaio trovato morto in un container del cantiere Tav di Lonato del Garda: ipotesi malore per il caldo|work=La Repubblica|date=18 July 2023|language=Italian}}{{cite web|url=https://www.leggo.it/italia/milano/brescia_malore_caldo_camionista_oggi_19_7_2023-7529052.html|title=Morto per il caldo, autista 62enne trovato morto a bordo del suo camion|work=Leggo|date=19 July 2023|language=Italian}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/primopiano/cronaca/colpo_calore_caldo_morto_panettiere_olindo-7529216.html|title=Panettiere muore di caldo a lavoro, Olindo Zuanon aveva 63 anni. I medici: un colpo di calore|work=Il Mattino|date=19 July 2023|language=Italian}}{{cite web|url=https://www.corriereadriatico.it/ancona/jesi_dramma_ultime_notizie_malore_fatale_caldo_ciro_adinolfi_muore_gru_cantiere_amazon-7529716.html|title=Malore fatale per il caldo, Ciro muore a 75 anni: era su una gru nel cantiere Amazon|work=Corriere Adriaticodate=20 July 2023|date=20 July 2023 |language=Italian}} have died after collapsing while working due to the intense heat. Most of Southern Italy saw temperatures above {{cvt|40|C}}, with temperatures as high as {{cvt|48|C}} estimated to hit Sicily and Sardinia by the middle of July.{{Cite web |date=12 July 2023 |title=European heatwave Cerberus claims first life as worker dies in 40C heat |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/weather/italy-europe-cerberus-heatwave-b2373689.html |access-date=12 July 2023 |newspaper=The Independent |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717184354/https://www.independent.co.uk/weather/italy-europe-cerberus-heatwave-b2373689.html |url-status=live }}

The European Space Agency predicted that temperatures would exceed {{cvt|48|C}} in Sardinia some time in July.{{Cite news |last1=Maltezou |first1=Renee |last2=Amante |first2=Angelo |date=13 July 2023 |title=Cerberus heatwave threatens new record temperatures for Europe |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/southern-europe-swelters-cerberus-heatwave-bites-2023-07-13/}} Tourists throughout the country were also observed to suffer from heat stroke, with a British visitor fainting at the Colosseum.{{Cite news |title=Europe's Cerberus heatwave claims first life as worker dies in 40C heat and British tourist faints at Colosseum |url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/cerberus-heatwave-italy-road-worker-collapses-british-tourist-faints-colosseum/ |website=LBC | first=Emma | last=Soteriou | date=12 July 2023 | accessdate=19 July 2023}} It is also expected that an anticyclone dubbed "Charon" originating from North Africa may raise the temperature to above {{cvt|45|C}} in parts of Italy early in the week beginning 17 July.{{cite news |last1=Balmer |first1=Crispian |date=16 July 2023 |title='Heat storm' stretches into southern Europe, health alerts issued |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/heat-storm-stretches-into-southern-europe-health-alerts-issued-2023-07-16 |access-date=17 July 2023}}

On the two main islands temperatures reached their peak on July 24:

in Sardinia, despite unofficial higher values having been reached, the highest reliable temperature recorded by a regional station belongs to Bari Sardo with {{cvt|47.5|C}}. The same day on the island two national stations recorded their all-time record with {{cvt|47.4|C}} in Olbia and {{cvt|46.8|C}} in Decimomannu Air Base.

In Sicily the highest temperature will be reached by the Syracuse station with {{cvt|47.8|C}}, the same weather station that holds the highest official temperature in Europe. The same day the Palermo Astronomical Observatory observed a temperature of {{cvt|47.0|C}}, the highest ever recorded in the Sicilian capital city since the beginning of the meteorological data records started in 1791. The heat was infernal and unbearable for practically the entire month, so much that July 2023 was the hottest month of July in Sicily so far: some stations in the Sicilian inland regions such as those of Caltanissetta and Enna recorded 11 consecutive days with maximum temperatures exceeding {{cvt|40|C}}, as reported by the regional office SIAS (Sicilian agrometeorological information service).

From 8 June to 26 June the Netherlands experienced regional heatwaves.{{Cite web|url=https://www.weer.nl/nieuws/2023/eerste-regionale-hittegolf-van-2023-een-feit|title=Eerste regionale hittegolf van 2023 een feit|date=11 June 2023|website=Weer.nl|accessdate=18 November 2023}}

On 11 June the temperature reached {{cvt|32.3|C|F}} in Gilze-Rijen and Hoek van Holland, setting a heat record for June 11.{{Cite web|url=https://www.wetterzentrale.de/extremes_day.php?station=9999999&maand=6&dag=11&country=3&order=1&extreem=X_TX|title=Maandrecords van het weer van KNMI stations in Nederland - De records van all stations van|website=www.wetterzentrale.de|accessdate=18 November 2023}}

Also on 12 June a heat record was broken when the temperature reached {{cvt|31.8|C|F}} in Gilze-Rijen.{{Cite web|url=https://www.wetterzentrale.de/extremes_day.php?station=9999999&maand=6&dag=12&country=3&order=1&extreem=X_TX|title=Maandrecords van het weer van KNMI stations in Nederland - De records van all stations van|website=www.wetterzentrale.de|accessdate=18 November 2023}}

The unusually high temperatures continued, and on 25 June it was once again hot, with the temperature reaching {{cvt|32.2|C|F}} in Maastricht.{{Cite web|url=https://www.wetterzentrale.de/weatherdata.php?station=380&jaar=2023&maand=6&dag=25|title=Dagoverzichten van het verleden weer van KNMI weerstations in Nederland|website=www.wetterzentrale.de|accessdate=18 November 2023}}

After the June heatwaves temperatures went down, however another heatwave took place from 7 July to 12 July.{{Cite web|url=https://www.weer.nl/nieuws/2023/tweede-regionale-hittegolf-2023-een-feit|title=Tweede regionale hittegolf 2023 een feit!|date=11 July 2023|website=Weer.nl|accessdate=18 November 2023}}

On 8 July the temperature reached {{cvt|34.6|C|F}} in Eindhoven, setting a heat record for 8 July.{{Cite web|url=https://www.wetterzentrale.de/extremes_day.php?station=9999999&maand=7&dag=8&country=3&order=1&extreem=X_TX|title=Maandrecords van het weer van KNMI stations in Nederland - De records van all stations van|website=www.wetterzentrale.de|accessdate=18 November 2023}}

The highest temperature was measured on 9 July when it reached {{cvt|34.8|C|F}} in Arcen.{{Cite web|url=https://www.wetterzentrale.de/weatherdata.php?station=391&jaar=2023&maand=7&dag=9|title=Dagoverzichten van het verleden weer van KNMI weerstations in Nederland|website=www.wetterzentrale.de|accessdate=18 November 2023}}

There was a third regional heatwave in September, with temperatures reaching {{cvt|32.2|C|F}} on 10 September in Eindhoven and Ell, setting a heat record for 10 September in the Netherlands.[https://www.wetterzentrale.de/maps/archive/2023/obsday/NL_TX_2023091000.png Temperature map] wetterzentrale.de

On 13 July, temperatures of {{cvt|28.8|C}} were observed at northern Norway's Slettnes Lighthouse, breaking a record previously held for 80 years.{{Cite news |date=14 July 2023 |title=A heat wave named Cerberus has southern Europe in its jaws, and it's only going to get worse |work=Mainichi Daily News |url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20230714/p2g/00m/0in/023000c}}

On 15 June the temperature reached {{cvt|31.8|C|F}} in Oslo, setting a heat record for 15 June in Norway.{{Cite web|url=https://www.extremeweatherwatch.com/cities/oslo/year-2023|title=Oslo Weather in 2023|website=www.extremeweatherwatch.com|accessdate=18 November 2023}}

A first heat wave struck Romania after 3 July, with temperatures exceeding {{cvt|35|C}}. A second heat wave arrived after 12 July, with temperatures reaching 39 Celsius degrees, prompting Romanian authorities to issue yellow and orange alerts. On 16 July, Elena Mateescu, the director of Romania's National Administration of Meteorology stated this month could be the warmest July in Romania in 120 years.{{Cite news |date=19 July 2023 |title=Cod portocaliu de caniculă în jumătate de țară! Un nou val de căldură peste România {{!}} Prognoza meteo actualizată |language=ro |publisher=Antena 3 |url=https://www.antena3.ro/meteo/cod-portocaliu-canicula-jumatate-tara-nou-val-caldura-romania-680441.html |access-date=17 July 2023 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718025627/https://www.antena3.ro/meteo/cod-portocaliu-canicula-jumatate-tara-nou-val-caldura-romania-680441.html |url-status=live }} As of 17 July, temperatures are expected to go even higher, eventually surpassing {{cvt|40|C}}.

The first heat wave of 2023 in Slovenia began on 19 June and ended on 23 June, when many parts of the country experienced heavy thunderstorms due to the arrival of a cold front.{{cite book |title=Vročina in neurja od 21. do 23. junija 2023 |date=3 July 2023 |publisher=Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje |page=2 |url=https://www.meteo.si/uploads/probase/www/climate/text/sl/weather_events/vrocina-neurja_21-23jun2023.pdf |access-date=19 July 2023 |language=sl }} Between 21 June and 23 June, the Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO) recorded temperatures in excess of {{cvt|34|C}} at several stations in their network. The highest temperature during the period was {{cvt|35.5|C}}, recorded at the ARSO station at Cerklje ob Krki Airport on 21 June, whilst temperatures at the ARSO station in Dobliče reached {{cvt|34.9|C}} on both 21 June and 23 June.{{cite book |title=Vročina in neurja od 21. do 23. junija 2023 |date=3 July 2023 |publisher=Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje |page=16 |url=https://www.meteo.si/uploads/probase/www/climate/text/sl/weather_events/vrocina-neurja_21-23jun2023.pdf |access-date=19 July 2023 |language=sl }}

The second heat wave of 2023 in Slovenia lasted from 8 July to 12 July, before heavy rain and high winds affected much of the country on the morning of 13 July.{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=Reportaža: Neurja v četrtek, 13.07. |url=https://neurje.si/reportaza-neurja-v-cetrtek-13-07/ |access-date=16 July 2023 |website=Neurje.si |language=sl |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718030209/https://neurje.si/reportaza-neurja-v-cetrtek-13-07/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |date=17 July 2023 |title=Nevihte popoldne klestile na severovzhodu države, zvečer na Koroškem |language=sl |work=Delo |url=https://www.delo.si/novice/slovenija/danes-do-okoli-37-stopinj-mozne-nevihte/ |access-date=24 July 2023}} On 10 July, several stations in the ARSO network recorded temperatures between {{cvt|33|C}} and {{cvt|35|C}}, reaching as high as {{cvt|35.1|C}} in Osilnica, as well as {{cvt|35.0|C}} in both Bilje and Podnanos.{{Cite web |date=10 July 2023 |title=Popoldne smo marsikje po Sloveniji izmerili več kot 33 °C: Osilnica 35,1 Bilje in Podnanos 35,0 [...] |url=https://twitter.com/meteoSI/status/1678435684162453507 |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=Twitter |language=sl |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718030128/https://twitter.com/meteoSI/status/1678435684162453507 |url-status=live }}

The third heat wave to affect Slovenia in 2023 began on 15 July and ended on 19 July, reaching its peak when temperatures between {{cvt|32|C}} and {{cvt|37|C}} were recorded in the lowlands on 17 July.{{cite book |title=Neurja in vročina med 15. in 19. julijem 2023 |date=24 July 2023 |publisher=Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje |page=11 |url=https://www.meteo.si/uploads/probase/www/climate/text/sl/weather_events/neurja-vrocina_15-19julij2023.pdf |access-date=24 July 2023 |language=sl }} The same day, temperatures at the ARSO station in Dobliče reached {{cvt|37.2|C}}, which was the highest officially recorded temperature in Slovenia in 2023.{{cite book |title=Neurja in vročina med 15. in 19. julijem 2023 |date=24 July 2023 |publisher=Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje |page=23 |url=https://www.meteo.si/uploads/probase/www/climate/text/sl/weather_events/neurja-vrocina_15-19julij2023.pdf |access-date=24 July 2023 |language=sl }} A further three stations in the ARSO network recorded temperatures of up to {{cvt|36.1|C}} during the third heat wave, and the value of {{cvt|35.0|C}} was reached or exceeded at a further seven stations in the ARSO network.

Spain experienced the hottest April on record, with temperatures up to {{Cvt|39|C}} recorded that month.{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Sam |date=2023-04-27 |title=Spain braced for record April temperature of 39C as extreme heat causes misery |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/27/spain-braced-for-record-april-temperature-of-39c-as-heatwave-causes-misery |access-date=2023-06-15 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2023-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615221813/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/27/spain-braced-for-record-april-temperature-of-39c-as-heatwave-causes-misery |url-status=live }} Agriculture was heavily disrupted.{{Cite news |last=Carrington |first=Damian |date=2023-05-05 |title=April Mediterranean heatwave 'almost impossible' without climate crisis |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/05/april-mediterranean-heatwave-almost-impossible-without-climate-crisis |access-date=2023-06-15 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2023-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614202641/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/05/april-mediterranean-heatwave-almost-impossible-without-climate-crisis |url-status=live }} In June and July three people died by heatstroke.{{Cite web |date=2023-07-20 |title=Muere un hombre de 42 años por un golpe de calor en Murcia |url=https://www.publico.es/espana/muere-hombre-42-anos-golpe-calor-murcia.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=www.publico.es}}

According to Carlos III Health Institute 659 mainly elderly people died between 8 July and 17 July due to heat.{{Cite web |date=2023-07-22 |title=El calor extremo causa estragos en España: 659 personas mayores fallecidas en solo 10 días - Diario16 |url=https://diario16.com/el-calor-extremo-causa-estragos-en-espana-659-personas-mayores-fallecidas-en-solo-10-dias/ |access-date=2023-07-22 |language=es}} Between 21 June and 8 July 309 excess deaths were recorded, bringing the total to 968.{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Confidencial |date=2023-07-11 |title=El Instituto Carlos III registra 108 muertes atribuibles a temperaturas extremas en 8 días |url=https://www.elconfidencialdigital.com/articulo/vivir/instituto-carlos-iii-registra-108-muertes-atribuibles-temperaturas-extremas-8-dias/20230710170104605559.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=Confidencial Digital |language=es}}

=== Switzerland ===

During the summer Switzerland experienced multiple heatwaves in July, August and September. The highest temperature measured during the heatwaves was {{cvt|39.3|C|F}} in Geneva on 24 August.{{Cite web |title=Geneva Weather in 2023 |url=https://www.extremeweatherwatch.com/cities/geneva/year-2023 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=www.extremeweatherwatch.com}}

Four per cent of its total glacier volume disappeared.{{cite news |author= |title=Swiss glaciers are disappearing, with 'massive ice loss' tracked in past 2 years |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/swiss-scientists-alps-glacier-melt-1.6980722 |work=The Associated Press |agency=Associated Press |date=2023-09-28 |access-date=2023-09-29|ref=none}}

The United Kingdom did not experience heatwaves as defined by the Met Office during the meteorological summer.{{Cite web |date=2023-08-02 |title=Heatwave Northern Ireland? Met Office sets record straight for NI after media reports of pending UK hot spell |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/heatwave-northern-ireland-met-office-110655976.html |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=uk.style.yahoo.com |language=en-GB}} Nevertheless, the mean temperature in June was {{Cvt|15.8|C}}, the warmest since records began in 1884, and 0.9 °C higher than the previous record, set in 1940 and 1976.{{Cite news |date=2023-07-03 |title=UK weather: hottest June since records began - Met Office |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66084543 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703131428/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66084543 |archive-date=2023-07-03}} The highest temperature was {{Cvt|32.2|C}}, recorded in Chertsey on the 10th and Coningsby on the 25th,{{Cite web |title=June 2023 Monthly Weather Report |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/metofficegovuk/pdf/weather/learn-about/uk-past-events/summaries/mwr_2023_06_for_print.pdf |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=Met Office |page=5 }} and records were also broken in 72 of the 97 areas where temperature data are collected. The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) and the Met Office issued the first heat-health alert of the year on 7 June, after the launch of a new high temperature alert system.{{Cite web |title=England 'not ready' to respond to extreme heatwaves this summer - and resources are at 'breaking point' |url=https://news.sky.com/story/england-not-ready-to-respond-to-extreme-heatwaves-this-summer-and-resources-are-at-breaking-point-12893810 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615221812/https://news.sky.com/story/england-not-ready-to-respond-to-extreme-heatwaves-this-summer-and-resources-are-at-breaking-point-12893810 |archive-date=2023-06-15 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Sky News |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=First heat-health alert of year issued as UK set for hottest day of 2023 so far |url=https://news.sky.com/story/uk-set-for-hottest-day-of-2023-so-far-but-thundery-conditions-will-end-mini-heatwave-12898178 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615221814/https://news.sky.com/story/uk-set-for-hottest-day-of-2023-so-far-but-thundery-conditions-will-end-mini-heatwave-12898178 |archive-date=2023-06-15 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Sky News |language=en}} A yellow heat alert was issued for London, the east and west Midlands, and the east, south-east and south-west.{{Cite web |date=2023-06-09 |title='Extreme' hot weather health alert escalated as UK set to be hotter than Spain |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/weather/met-office-weather-warnings-uk-heatwave-b2354398.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615221812/https://www.independent.co.uk/weather/met-office-weather-warnings-uk-heatwave-b2354398.html |archive-date=2023-06-15 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=The Independent |language=en}}{{Cite news |last=McKie |first=Robin |date=2023-06-10 |title=Risk of hot summer in UK is more than twice normal figure, forecasters warn |language=en-GB |work=The Observer |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/10/risk-record-heatwave-uk-twice-normal-forecasters-40c-meteorologists |url-status=live |access-date=2023-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614153117/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/10/risk-record-heatwave-uk-twice-normal-forecasters-40c-meteorologists |archive-date=2023-06-14 |issn=0029-7712}} A yellow alert was also issued for Northern Ireland on 12 June.{{Cite news |date=2023-06-12 |title=NI weather: Heatwave to hit Northern Ireland this week |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-65873712 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615153413/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-65873712 |archive-date=2023-06-15}} A low pressure system over the country produced cooler, wetter weather in July and August.{{Cite web |last=Sundaravelu |first=Anugraha |date=2023-07-19 |title=Why isn't the UK affected by Europe's heatwave? Weather experts explain |url=https://metro.co.uk/2023/07/19/why-isnt-uk-affected-by-the-europe-heatwave-weather-experts-explain-19154944/ |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=Metro |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Fellowes |first=Jon |date=2023-08-24 |title=Met Office reveals whether it will be hot over the August bank holiday weekend |url=https://metro.co.uk/2023/08/10/met-office-reveals-whether-it-will-be-hot-over-the-august-bank-holiday-19311063/ |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=Metro |language=en}}

In September, the UK was hit by a record-breaking heatwave, which lasted eight consecutive days. On 4 September, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) issued a yellow heat-health alert from 2 p.m. that day to 9 p.m. on 10 September for all areas of England except the North East.{{Cite news |date=2023-09-04 |title=Heat health alert issued as UK temperatures to hit 32C during heatwave |work=ITV News |url=https://www.itv.com/news/2023-09-04/uk-could-hit-hottest-temperatures-of-2023-during-heatwave-this-week |access-date=2023-09-07}} This was increased to an amber heat-health alert on 5 September for all areas of except the North East, which received a yellow alert.{{Cite news |date=2023-09-05 |title=UK weather: Amber heat-health alert issued for most of England as temperatures rise |work=Sky News |url=https://news.sky.com/story/uk-weather-parts-of-the-country-could-be-hotter-than-ibiza-this-week-as-temperatures-may-hit-32c-12955105 |access-date=2023-09-07}}

On 7 September, the record for most consecutive September days where temperatures reached {{cvt|30|C}}, which was previously five days, was broken. Also on 7 September, a provisional temperature of {{cvt|32.6|C}} was recorded in Wisley, Surrey, which was the hottest day of the year until 9 September. The previous record for the greatest number of September days where temperatures have reached {{cvt|30|C}} or more was five, set in 1911, however it was broken on 9 September.{{Cite news |last=Gregory |first=James |date=2023-09-07 |title=September heatwave longest on record |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-66743788 |access-date=2023-09-07}}

On 8 September, the record for highest September temperature in Northern Ireland was broken, with {{cvt|28|C}} recorded in Castlederg, County Tyrone. The previous record, set on 1 September 1906, was {{cvt|27.6|C}} in Armagh.{{Cite news |last=Daly |first=Cecilia |date=8 September 2023 |title=Heatwave: Hottest September temperature on record broken in Castlederg |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-66750129 |access-date=9 September 2023}}

On 9 September, a temperature of {{cvt|32.7|C}} was recorded at Heathrow, making it the hottest day of the year.{{Cite news |last=Moloney |first=Marita |date=9 September 2023 |title=UK heatwave: Hottest day recorded as thunderstorms warning in some areas |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-66759254 |access-date=10 September 2023}} Kew Gardens later recorded {{cvt|33.2|C}}, making 9 September 2023 London's second-hottest September day ever recorded. All operational London stations broke their previous records. Stations that have achieved higher temperatures in the past like Gravesend, Kent and Hampstead in London may have recorded even higher temperatures were they still operational during the heatwave.

On 10 September, the final day of the heatwave, temperatures exceeded {{cvt|30|C}} for the seventh consecutive day, peaking at {{cvt|33.5|C}} at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.[https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/metofficegovuk/pdf/weather/learn-about/uk-past-events/interesting/2023/2023_05_september_heatwave.pdf September heatwave] metoffice.gov.uk This would also make September 10 the hottest day of 2023. As the heatwave broke, a yellow weather warning for thunderstorms was put in place for most Northern Ireland and parts of northern England and Wales and southern Scotland.{{Cite news |last=Moloney |first=Marita |date=10 September 2023 |title=UK weather: Heatwave continues but thunderstorm warning for many |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-66766703 |access-date=10 September 2023}}

On 22 June Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany experienced rainstorms that came paired with flooding. In the south of Limburg 60-80 millimeters of precipitation fell. Also in Wallonia and North Rhine-Westphalia there was flooding due to the rainstorms, with 60-100 millimeters near Plombières and Mönchengladbach.{{Cite web|url=https://www.meteo.be/nl/info/nieuwsoverzicht/eerste-informatie-over-de-hevige-regenval-op-22-juni-2023|title=KMI - Eerste informatie over de hevige regenval op 22 juni 2023|website=KMI|accessdate=18 November 2023}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.persinfo.org/nl/nieuws/artikel/het-weer-donderdag-22-juni-2023-kans-op-wateroverlast/56694|title=HET WEER : Donderdag 22 Juni 2023 - kans op wateroverlast {{pipe}} Persinfo|accessdate=18 November 2023}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.dwd.de/DE/wetter/thema_des_tages/2023/6/23.html|title=Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Thema des Tages - Ein Rückblick auf die Unwetterlage vom 22.06.2023|website=www.dwd.de|accessdate=18 November 2023}}

From 4–6 July Storm Poly ravaged Northern Europe.

On 5 July the storm caused much damage and inconvenience in the Benelux and Germany. On the morning of 5 July, a wind gust of 146 km/h (41 m/s) was measured at IJmuiden. Storm Poly was the most severe summer storm in the Netherlands since at least 1911.{{Cite web|url=https://www.knmi.nl/over-het-knmi/nieuws/zeer-zware-zomerstorm-poly|title=KNMI - Zeer zware zomerstorm Poly|website=www.knmi.nl|accessdate=18 November 2023}}

In late June and mid-July, the combination of daytime temperatures of {{cvt|35|to|40|C}} and high humidity led to formation of a series of uncommonly strong, supercell storms in the area ranging from Slovenia to Romania.{{cite web |title=Meteorolozi u susjedstvu najavljuju superćelijske oluje: 'Imaju snagu atomske bombe' |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/meteorolozi-u-susjedstvu-najavljuju-supercelijske-oluje-imaju-snagu-atomske-bombe-1695610 |website=Večernji list |access-date=19 July 2023 |location=Zagreb |language=hr |date=16 July 2023}} On 23 June, large hail destroyed crops in parts of Slovenia and Hrvatsko Zagorje. In Croatia, the storm also broke windows in Varaždin and tore roofs off several houses in Međimurje.{{cite web |title=Snažno nevrijeme stiglo i na sjever Hrvatske, stižu snimke. Tuča veličine oraha u Varaždinu razbijala prozore |trans-title= |url=https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/vijesti/regija/snazno-nevrijeme-s-tucom-velicine-jajeta-pogodilo-sloveniju-na-putu-je-prema-hrvatskoj-1300820 |website=Slobodna Dalmacija |access-date=19 July 2023 |location=Split |language=hr |date=23 June 2023}}{{cite web |title=Snažna oluja poharala Sloveniju i Međimurje: vjetar nosio krovove kuća, neke izgledaju kao da su u ratnoj zoni |url=https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/snazna-oluja-poharala-sloveniju-i-medimurje-vjetar-nosio-krovove-kuca-neke-izgledaju-kao-da-su-u-ratnoj-zoni-1306218 |website=Slobodna Dalmacija |access-date=19 July 2023 |date=13 July 2023}} On 13 July, one such storm travelled {{cvt|1100|km}}, producing hail throughout its distance with stones up to {{convert|14|cm}} in diameter in Krško, Slovenia, and a wind speed in excess of {{cvt|100|km/h|mph m/s}} in Zrenjanin, Serbia.{{cite web |title=Od Slovenije do Rumunjske: Superćelija putovala 15h, zrno leda 14cm |url=https://www.vrijemeradar.hr/vijesti-o-vremenu/od-slovenije-do-rumunjske-supercelija-putovala-15h-zrno-leda-14cm--dd01c94d-042d-404c-a0f3-e55cf72b6533 |website=Vrijeme & Radar |access-date=19 July 2023 |language=hr |date=15 July 2023}}

File:2023 European heat waves Storm Banovci (Nijemci), Croatia 03.jpg, Croatia.]]

On 19 July, a particularly strong supercell caused extreme wind damage in Slovenia and northern Croatia. Six people were killed:{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=3 people die in Serbia as a second deadly storm rips through the Balkans this week |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/child-woman-die-serbia-deadly-storm-rips-balkans-101573716 |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=ABC News |language=en}} four in Croatia (two in Zagreb, one in Cernik, Brod-Posavina County, and an on-duty firefighter in Tovarnik in the Vukovar-Srijem County),{{Cite web |last=Bradarić |first=Branimir |date=2023-07-20 |title=Posljedice snažne oluje: Ozlijeđeno više od 100 osoba, u dvije županije angažirana i vojska |trans-title=Consequences of the powerful storm: More than 100 people injured, army deployed in two counties |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/nezapamceno-nevrijeme-poharalo-hrvatsku-zivot-izgubilo-troje-ljudi-brojni-su-ozlijedeni-1696492 |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=Večernji list |language=hr}} one near Lake Bled, Slovenia, and one in Brčko, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Many more were injured, including at least 60 in Zagreb, 10 of them severely. The storm caused extensive wind damage and electricity outages in parts of Slovenia, northern Croatia and northern Serbia. Winds of {{cvt|115|km/h|mph m/s}} were recorded at the Zagreb Airport, and over 100 km/h in Belgrade and Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia.{{cite web |last1=Arapović |first1=Dražen |last2=Patković |first2=Nikola |last3=Krnić |first3=Ivana |title=Treća žrtva nezapamćene oluje, muškarac (40) poginuo u Slavoniji. Dvoje mrtvih u Zagrebu |trans-title=Third victim of unfathomable storm, a 40-year-old man found dead in Slavonia. Two dead in Zagreb |url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/treca-zrtva-nezapamcene-oluje-muskarac-40-poginuo-u-slavoniji-dvoje-mrtvih-u-zagrebu-15357113 |website=Jutarnji list |access-date=19 July 2023 |location=Zagreb |language=hr |date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719180928/https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/treca-zrtva-nezapamcene-oluje-muskarac-40-poginuo-u-slavoniji-dvoje-mrtvih-u-zagrebu-15357113 |archive-date=2023-07-19 }}{{cite web |title=Prva žrtva oluje u BiH |trans-title=First storm fatality in BiH |url=https://n1info.ba/vijesti/prva-zrtva-oluje-u-bih/ |website=N1 |access-date=19 July 2023 |language=bs |date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719205348/https://n1info.ba/vijesti/prva-zrtva-oluje-u-bih/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 }}{{cite web |title=Jako nevrijeme u regionu, ima poginulih u BiH, Sloveniji, Hrvatskoj... |trans-title=Powerful storm hits the region, fatalities in BiH, Slovenia, Croatia... |url=https://n1info.ba/vijesti/jako-nevrijeme-u-bih-hrvatskoj-srbiji-tri-osobe-poginule/ |website=N1 |access-date=19 July 2023 |language=bs |date=19 July 2023}}{{cite web |agency=Associated Press |title=A powerful storm sweeps Croatia and Slovenia after days of heat, killing at least 4 people |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/nation-world/story/2023-07-19/powerful-storm-sweeps-croatia-and-slovenia-after-days-of-heat-killing-at-least-3-people |website=The San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=19 July 2023 |language=en |date=19 July 2023}} A state-operated automated weather station near Županja, Croatia recorded a {{cvt|180|km/h|mph m/s}} wind gust.{{cite web |agency=HINA |title=Zagreb je pogodila jedna od najjačih grmljavinskih oluja otkad je mjerenja |trans-title=Zagreb hit by one of the strongest storms on record |url=https://vijesti.hrt.hr/hrvatska/zagreb-je-pogodila-jedna-od-najjacih-grmljavinskih-oluja-otkad-postoje-mjerenja-10908846 |publisher=Croatian Radiotelevision |access-date=21 July 2023 |language=hr |date=20 July 2023}} The storm moved quickly, hitting Zagreb around 4 pm and Belgrade around 8 pm (CEST).{{cite web |last1=Trajković |first1=Suzana |title=Oluja je ipak srušila dva krana na Novom Beogradu? Jezivi snimci samo pristižu, padaju kao domine |trans-title=Storm topples two construction cranes in New Belgrade |url=https://www.alo.rs/vesti/beograd/784943/oluja-je-ipak-srusila-dva-krana-na-novom-beogradu-jezivi-snimci-samo-pristizu-padaju-kao-domine/vest |website=Alo.rs |access-date=19 July 2023 |language=sr-lat |date=19 July 2023}} Zagreb saw {{cvt|20|-|35|mm|in}} of rainfall within 10 minutes.

In the afternoon of 21 July, a similar storm travelled over northern Croatia, dealing the brunt of its damage in Istria and Rijeka, where seven people were injured and one was missing. It subsequently hit Zagreb with wind gusts up to {{cvt|80|km/h|mph m/s}}, downing more trees, stopping tram traffic, and damaging the Croatian Parliament building among others.{{cite web |agency=HINA |title=Velika oluja u pet županija. Iščupana stabla, razoren kamp, osoba nestala na moru |trans-title=Large storm hits five counties. Trees torn down, campsite destroyed, one person missing at sea |url=https://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/velika-oluja-u-pet-zupanija-iscupana-stabla-razoren-kamp-osoba-nestala-na-moru/2481439.aspx?index_ref=clanak_vijesti_najcitanije_d |website=Index.hr |access-date=21 July 2023 |language=hr |date=21 July 2023}}{{cite web |agency=HINA |title=Grad poslao apel Zagrepčanima. Oluja opet čupala drveće i nosila krovove |trans-title=Zagreb sends another appeal to citizens. Storm tore trees and roofs again |url=https://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/grad-poslao-apel-zagrepcanima-oluja-opet-cupala-drvece-i-nosila-krovove/2481530.aspx |website=Index.hr |access-date=21 July 2023 |language=hr |date=21 July 2023}} Three deaths were recorded in Serbia. In Novi Sad, a well-known celtis australis in the city centre, more than 150 years old and a first-class listed natural heritage object, was obliterated, with its trunk shattered.{{Cite web |date=2023-07-21 |title=FOTO, VIDEO: Uništen čuveni koprivić, spomenik prirode u centru Novog Sada |trans-title=PHOTO, VIDEO: The famous Koprivić, a natural heritage object in the centre of Novi Sad, was destroyed |url=https://www.021.rs/story/Novi-Sad/Vesti/347497/FOTO-Unisten-cuveni-koprivic-spomenik-prirode-u-centru-Novog-Sada.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=www.021.rs |language=sr}}

On 24 July, a particularly strong supercell storm caused extreme wind damage in Lombardy, Veneto and all northern Italy.{{cite news |title=Maltempo, l'esperto del Cnr: "Il Nord Italia devastato da tre fenomeni estremi" |url=https://www.tgcom24.mediaset.it/cronaca/maltempo-esperto-tre-fenomeni-estremi_67604462-202302k.shtml |access-date=25 July 2023 |agency=tgcom24.mediaset.it |publisher=tgcom24.mediaset.it |date=25 July 2023}}{{cite news |title=Fiamme e nubifragi, mappa delle emergenze nelle regioni |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cronaca/2023/07/25/fiamme-e-nubifragi-mappa-delle-emergenze-nelle-regioni_3f349c4f-a9bd-40a1-82e0-76efba9db9ad.html |access-date=25 July 2023 |agency=ansa.it |publisher=ansa.it |date=25 July 2023}} The Delta DL 185 flight departing from Milan Malpensa Airport and bound for New York JFK was diverted to Rome-Fiumicino Airport, after being damaged by a violent hailstorm.{{cite news |title=Malpensa, grandine danneggia aereo per New York: dirottato a Fiumicino |url=https://www.tgcom24.mediaset.it/cronaca/malpensa-grandine-danneggia-aereo-dirottato-fiumicino_67568053-202302k.shtml |access-date=25 July 2023 |agency=tgcom24.mediaset.it |publisher=tgcom24.mediaset.it |date=25 July 2023}}

In Lombardy, two people were killed by falling trees,{{cite news |title=Maltempo in Lombardia, donna muore schiacciata da un albero a Lissone |url=https://www.tgcom24.mediaset.it/cronaca/lombardia/maltempo-milano-alberi-caduti-metro-interrotta_67560621-202302k.shtml |access-date=25 July 2023 |agency=tgcom24.mediaset.it |publisher=tgcom24.mediaset.it |date=25 July 2023}}{{cite news |title=Brescia, albero sradicato dal vento si schianta su tenda: muore una scout di 16 anni |url=https://www.tgcom24.mediaset.it/cronaca/brescia-albero-tenda-muore-scout-16-anni_67594066-202302k.shtml |access-date=25 July 2023 |agency=tgcom24.mediaset.it |publisher=tgcom24.mediaset.it |date=25 July 2023}} while two more people died in a road accident caused by the road surface slippery from the rain.{{cite news|url=https://www.fanpage.it/milano/live/maltempo-oggi-a-milano-violento-temporale-durante-la-notte-molti-i-danni-in-tutta-la-lombardia/|title=Maltempo Milano, violento nubifragio nella notte: danni e allagamenti in Lombardia, 4 le vittime. News e video in diretta|work=Fanpage|date=25 July 2023}} Several others were injured across the region.

{{main|2023 Slovenia floods}}

In the first week of August, a cut-off low led to torrential rains in excess of {{cvt|100|-|200|mm|in|0}} and flooding in Slovenia and parts of Croatia and Austria. The June and July storms led to the soil in the region being highly saturated with water,{{cite web |title=Zbog nove promjene izgledni visoki vodostaji rijeka |trans-title=Inclement weather likely to lead to increased water levels in rivers |url=https://meteo.hr/objave_najave_natjecaji.php?section=onn¶m=objave&el=priopcenja&daj=pr03082023 |publisher=Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service |access-date=7 August 2023 |language=hr |date=2 August 2023}} which caused rivers to overflow, producing historic flooding{{cite web|title="Toliko padavin ni v enem dnevu padlo nikoli. Posledice so hude." Ni še konec.|trans-title="So much rainfall in one day has not happened yet. The consequences are terrible." The situation is not over yet.|url=https://www.rtvslo.si/okolje/toliko-padavin-ni-v-enem-dnevu-padlo-nikoli-posledice-so-hude-ni-se-konec/677033|website=rtvslo.si|accessdate=2023-08-04|language=sl|first=A.|last=S}}{{cite web|title=Nočna mora na Gorenjskem in Koroškem. Razmere so katastrofalne. #video|trans-title=Nightmare in Upper Carniola and [Slovenian] Carinthia of catastrophic proportions|url=https://siol.net/novice/slovenija/vse-te-ceste-so-zaradi-posledic-neurja-zaprte-612667|website=siol.net|accessdate=2023-08-04|language=sl}}{{Cite web |last=red |first=ORF at/Agenturen |date=2023-08-06 |title=Hochwasser: Ein Todesopfer in Kärnten |trans-title=High water: One fatality in [Austrian] Carinthia |url=https://orf.at/stories/3326584/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=news.ORF.at |language=de}} at a time of year when the local nivo-pluvial river regime predicts minimum levels.{{cite web |title=Sava |url=https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/sava |website=Croatian Encyclopedia |publisher=Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography |access-date=10 November 2021 |location=Zagreb |language=hr}} At least seven people were killed in Slovenia and Austria. The flood wave crest entered Croatia on the night of 5–6 August, causing localised flooding and breaking records at several gauges. In Drnje, Croatia, near the confluence of Mura and Drava, a century-old record was broken by more than half a metre (2 ft). Croatian Armed Forces deployed 150 soldiers to assist with flood defences.{{cite web |title=Drava srušila stoljetni rekord: Na teren stižu vojnici, oštećene su i kuće, odroni na cesti |trans-title=Drava breaks 100-year-old record: Soldiers arrive at the scene, homes inundated, roads blocked by mudslides |url=https://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/mura-i-sava-oborile-nocas-rekordne-vodostaje-no-prema-posljednjim-mjerenjima-jutros-je-zaustavljen-rast---795727.html |website=Dnevnik.hr |publisher=Nova TV |access-date=7 August 2023 |language=hr |date=6 August 2023}}

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