2024 United States federal budget

[[File:Federal Government annual spending and revenue.webp|thumb|{{center|Federal Government annual spending and revenue}}

{{legend|#F2695A|Federal spending|outline=#B51700}}

{{legend|#6AC65D|Tax revenue|outline=#017100}}

]]Beginning after the 2010 Congressional elections, the fiscally conservative Tea Party movement within the Republican Party came to power in opposition to Obama-era increases in government spending, most visibly due to Obamacare and the Troubled Asset Relief Program (although the latter actually ended up providing a profit to the federal government). This led to the formation of the Freedom Caucus in January 2015 by a group of conservatives and Tea Party movement members,{{Cite web|last=French|first=Lauren|title=9 Republicans launch House Freedom Caucus|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/house-freedom-caucus-conservative-legislation-114593|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Politico|date=January 26, 2015 |language=en}}{{cite web |url= http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/conservative-lawmakers-form-house-freedom-caucus/article/2559258|title= Conservative lawmakers form House Freedom Caucus|last= Ferrechio|first= Susan|date= January 26, 2015|website= Washington Examiner|access-date= July 22, 2015}} with the aim of pushing the Republican leadership to the right.{{Cite web|last=Desilver|first=Drew|date=Oct 20, 2015|title=House Freedom Caucus: What is it, and who's in it?|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/10/20/house-freedom-caucus-what-is-it-and-whos-in-it/|access-date=2021-02-07|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US}}

The 2022 midterm elections resulted in a narrow Democratic Party majority in the U.S. Senate and a narrow majority for the Republican Party in the House of Representatives for the 118th Congress. The Freedom Caucus congressional caucus secured 45 House seats. Kevin McCarthy, leader of the House Republican Conference, was elected speaker of the House following several days after an unprecedented 15 ballots following opposition in the Republican caucus, primarily led by members of the Freedom Caucus. In order to secure the speakership, McCarthy was forced to make concessions to opponents including allowing any single member of Congress to trigger a motion to vacate.{{Cite web |last=Karni |first=Annie |date=June 7, 2023 |title=House Is Paralyzed as Far-Right Rebels Continue Mutiny Against McCarthy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/07/us/politics/mccarthy-house-republicans-mutiny.html |access-date=September 27, 2023 |work=The New York Times}}{{Cite web |last1=Tsirkin |first1=Julie |last2=Kaplan |first2=Rebecca |last3=Kapur |first3=Sahil |date=September 14, 2023 |title=McCarthy dares GOP detractors to 'file the f---ing motion' if they want to remove him |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/mccarthy-dares-conservatives-motion-vacate-speaker-government-shutdown-rcna105069 |access-date=September 27, 2023 |publisher=NBC News}} Members of the Freedom Caucus were also given influential committee positions, including three on the Rules Committee.{{Cite web |last1=Wong |first1=Scott |last2=Stewart |first2=Kyle |date=January 17, 2023 |title=What the 21 McCarthy holdouts got in committee assignments |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/21-mccarthy-holdouts-got-committee-assignments-rcna66152 |access-date=April 19, 2024 |publisher=NBC News}} With four Democrats as the minority members, that meant any bill that the Freedom Caucus strongly opposed could be blocked from advancement to the floor, as three votes against would result in a 7-7 tie and a defeated motion.

The Biden administration budget proposal was released in March 2023.{{cite press release |url=https://www.gpo.gov/who-we-are/news-media/news-and-press-releases/president-biden-s-fy2024-budget-now-available-at-govinfo |title=President Biden's FY2024 Budget Now Available at GovInfo |author= |date=9 March 2023 |publisher=United States Government Publishing Office |access-date=24 June 2023 }}

During the 2023 United States debt-ceiling crisis, McCarthy was forced to negotiate with Democratic President Joe Biden in order to resolve the crisis with a bill that would pass the Democrat controlled United States Senate and would not be vetoed. Economists said it would be "catastrophic" if the debt ceiling was not raised. The negotiations resulted in the bipartisan Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, which capped discretionary spending in FY2024 and FY2025, and increased work requirements for SNAP recipients.{{Cite web |date=May 28, 2023 |title=Here are the 6 must-know provisions of the new debt ceiling deal |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/05/28/6-pillars-of-the-debt-ceiling-deal-00099108 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528204626/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/05/28/6-pillars-of-the-debt-ceiling-deal-00099108 |archive-date=May 28, 2023 |access-date=May 28, 2023 |website=POLITICO}}{{Cite web |last=Luhby |first=Tami |date=May 30, 2023 |title=Here's what's in the debt ceiling deal | CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/30/politics/whats-in-the-debt-ceiling-deal/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530212109/https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/30/politics/whats-in-the-debt-ceiling-deal/index.html |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |access-date=May 30, 2023 |website=CNN}}{{Cite news |last=Walters |first=Joanna |date=May 29, 2023 |title=Biden hails debt ceiling deal and urges lawmakers to pass agreement |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/may/28/us-debt-ceiling-deal-latest-biden-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530212107/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/may/28/us-debt-ceiling-deal-latest-biden-mccarthy |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |access-date=May 30, 2023 |newspaper=The Guardian}}{{Cite news |last1=Politi |first1=James |last2=Williams |first2=Aime |date=May 28, 2023 |title=US debt crisis: Joe Biden gets the deal done but at a cost |url=https://www.ft.com/content/12ff8ac9-579a-44ab-a2e9-95093ecc5921 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528201232/https://www.ft.com/content/12ff8ac9-579a-44ab-a2e9-95093ecc5921 |archive-date=May 28, 2023 |access-date=May 28, 2023 |newspaper=Financial Times}}[https://www.npr.org/2023/05/31/1179201992/mountain-valley-pipeline-west-virginia-debt-ceiling-deal What to know about the Mountain Valley Pipeline in the debt ceiling deal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601034812/https://www.npr.org/2023/05/31/1179201992/mountain-valley-pipeline-west-virginia-debt-ceiling-deal|date=June 1, 2023}} NPR{{Cite news |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date=2023-05-29 |title=New Details in Debt Limit Deal: Where $136 Billion in Cuts Will Come From |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/29/us/politics/debt-ceiling-agreement.html |access-date=2023-06-19 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

The deal was opposed by members of the House Freedom Caucus who believed that the bill was not conservative enough.{{Cite web |title=What Happens When the U.S. Hits Its Debt Ceiling? {{!}} Council on Foreign Relations |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-happens-when-us-hits-its-debt-ceiling |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=www.cfr.org |language=en}} Two members of the Freedom Caucus voted with Democrats in an attempt to block the act in the Rules Committee, but failed by one vote.{{Cite news |last1=Hulse |first1=Carl |last2=Edmondson |first2=Catie |date=May 30, 2023 |title=G.O.P. Revolts Over Debt Limit Deal as Bill Moves Toward a House Vote |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/30/us/debt-limit-bill-house-rules-committee.html |access-date=April 19, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US}} On May 31, in a procedural rule vote on the House floor, which historically is supported by all members of the majority party and opposed by minority members regardless of their position on the underlying bill, 29 conservative Republicans opposed the vote. In order to ensure the bill's passage, Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries held up a green card to alert Democrats they could vote in favor of the measure, resulting in 52 Democrats showing their support for support the procedural vote.{{Cite news |last1=Weiss |first1=Laura |last2=Reilly |first2=Caitlin |last3=McPherson |first3=Lindsey |date=May 31, 2023 |title=Debt limit rule adopted after Democrats ride to rescue |url=https://rollcall.com/2023/05/31/debt-limit-rule-vote-emerges-as-key-question-mark/ |access-date=April 19, 2024 |work=Roll Call |language=en-US}}{{Cite news |last1=Carney |first1=Jordan |last2=Wu |first2=Nicholas |last3=Ferris |first3=Sarah |date=May 31, 2023 |title=House clears final procedural hurdle before expected passage of debt bill |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/05/31/mccarthy-drags-debt-deal-towards-floor-vote-00099410 |work=Politico}} A majority of both the Republican and Democratic parties voted for final passage of the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, but more Republicans (71) voted against the bill than Democrats (46).{{Cite news |last1=Becket |first1=Stefan |last2=Watson |first2=Kathryn |date=June 2, 2023 |title=Who voted against the debt ceiling bill in Congress, and who voted for it? |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/debt-ceiling-bill-house-senate-roll-call-votes/ |access-date=April 19, 2024 |work=CBS News |language=en-US}}

Following the passage of the Fiscal Responsibility Act, 11 angry members of the Freedom Caucus voted with Democrats to block a procedural rules vote on a Republican bill that would hinder the federal government's ability to regulate gas stoves. Freedom Caucus members said the vote was a protest of McCarthy's handling of the debt-ceiling crisis.{{Cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Ellis |last2=MacFarlane |first2=Scott |date=June 6, 2023 |title=House GOP rules vote on gas stoves goes up in flames |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gas-stoves-house-rules-vote-goes-up-in-flames/ |access-date=April 19, 2024 |work=CBS News |language=en-US}} On June 12, 2023, the Freedom Caucus and McCarthy reached an agreement that resulted in the Freedom Caucus not blocking procedural votes in exchange for conservative legislation being brought to the floor.{{Cite news |last1=Morgan |first1=David |date=June 12, 2023 |title=McCarthy, US House hardliners reach deal to allow votes |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/livid-us-house-conservatives-poised-next-battle-with-mccarthy-2023-06-12/ |access-date=April 19, 2024 |work=Reuters |language=en-US}}

File:Kevin McCarthy, official portrait, speaker.jpg served as the impetus to the potential shutdown.]]

Negotiations for funding the federal government for the 2024 fiscal year began in July, with Republicans demanding to cut government spending. Rosa DeLauro, the ranking member of the House Committee on Appropriations, stated that Republican opposition would ultimately result in a government shutdown. The Senate Committee on Appropriations remained committed to securing a deal according to ranking members Patty Murray and Susan Collins.{{Cite web |last1=Edmondson |first1=Catie |last2=Hulse |first2=Carl |author-link2=Carl Hulse |last3=Parlapiano |first3=Alicia |date=July 2, 2023 |title=House Republicans Demand Deep Cuts to Spending Bills They Rarely Support |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/02/us/house-republicans-spending.html |access-date=September 27, 2023 |work=The New York Times}}

In a show of austerity, members of the Freedom Caucus threatened to refuse to hold a vote on two spending bills supported by McCarthy in July 2023; representative Bob Good stated that members should not "fear a government shutdown".{{Cite web |last1=Karni |first1=Annie |last2=Draper |first2=Robert |author-link2=Robert Draper |last3=Broadwater |first3=Luke |date=July 25, 2023 |title=As Spending Fights Loom, Freedom Caucus Is at a Crossroads |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/25/us/politics/majorie-taylor-green-freedom-caucus.html |access-date=September 27, 2023 |work=The New York Times}} Republicans in the House of Representatives abandoned efforts to fund the Department of Agriculture and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that month but narrowly passed a bill to fund veterans programs and military construction projects. In particular, Republicans sought to include language that reversed an FDA ruling allowing the oral abortion pill mifepristone to be sold in retail pharmacies.{{Cite web |last=Hulse |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Hulse |date=July 27, 2023 |title=Divided Over Money and Policy, House G.O.P. Punts on Spending Bill |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/27/us/politics/house-republicans-spending.html |access-date=September 27, 2023 |work=The New York Times}} In August, Trump was federally indicted for attempting to overturn the 2020 presidential election, further complicating efforts to fund the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Department of Justice.{{Cite web |last=Hulse |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Hulse |date=August 4, 2023 |title=Trump Indictment Presents New Obstacle in Spending Fight as Shutdown Looms |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/04/us/politics/trump-house-budget-fbi-republicans.html |access-date=September 27, 2023 |work=The New York Times}} Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer agreed to a temporary spending bill with McCarthy to avert a shutdown that month.{{Cite web |last=Karni |first=Annie |date=August 16, 2023 |title=Schumer and McCarthy Agree Stopgap Spending Bill Necessary to Avoid Shutdown |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/16/us/politics/schumer-mccarthy-stopgap-spending-shutdown.html |access-date=September 27, 2023 |work=The New York Times}} McCarthy argued that a shutdown could prevent the House Committee on Oversight and Accountability from investigating the Biden family, but some Republicans remained dismissive.{{Cite web |last1=Hulse |first1=Carl |author-link1=Carl Hulse |last2=Broadwater |first2=Luke |date=August 30, 2023 |title=McCarthy Tries to Leverage Biden Impeachment to Avoid a Shutdown |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/30/us/politics/mccarthy-spending-shutdown.html |access-date=September 27, 2023 |work=The New York Times}}

House Republicans began considering a temporary bill to fund the government on September 17,{{Cite web |last=Hulse |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Hulse |date=September 17, 2023 |title=House G.O.P. Considers Stopgap Spending Bill to Avert a Shutdown |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/17/us/politics/mccarthy-gop-spending-impasse.html |access-date=September 27, 2023 |work=The New York Times}} but were met with opposition from within the party.{{Cite web |last=Hulse |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Hulse |date=September 18, 2023 |title=McCarthy's Plan to Avoid a Shutdown Hits Stiff G.O.P. Opposition |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/18/us/politics/mccarthy-shutdown-spending.html |access-date=September 27, 2023 |work=The New York Times}} However, by then the federal government appeared poised to shut down.{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/10/us/politics/congress-spending-battle.html |title=Congress Embarks on Spending Battle as Shutdown Looms at End of September |date=September 10, 2023 |last=Hulse |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Hulse |work=The New York Times |access-date=September 27, 2023}} The Freedom Caucus stated its opposition to any bill that would not include a border measure that revives Trump-era policies, including constructing the Trump border wall, detaining asylum seekers for longer, and deporting unaccompanied minors,{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/01/us/immigration-spending-shutdown.html |title=Hard Right Injects Immigration Into Spending Fight, Raising Shutdown Fears |date=September 1, 2023 |last=Demirjian |first=Karoun |work=The New York Times |access-date=September 27, 2023}} while many hardliners maintained their oppositions to any continuing resolutions to keep the government open.{{Cite magazine |date=2023-09-19 |title=These Are the Key GOP Players in the Government Shutdown Fight |url=https://time.com/6315821/key-republicans-spending-fight-congress-shutdown/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |magazine=TIME |language=en}} Despite the earlier agreement, in September 2023, Freedom Caucus members once again began joining with Democrats to block procedural rule votes. On September 19 and September 21, five members of the Freedom Caucus, voted with Democrats to block a vote on a military funding bill.{{Cite news |last1=Kapur |first1=Sahil |last2=Wong |first2=Scott |last3=Vitali |first3=Ali |last4=Kaplan |first4=Rebecca |date=September 19, 2023 |title=Republican infighting paralyzes the House as some call a shutdown inevitable |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/republican-infighting-paralyzes-house-call-shutdown-inevitable-rcna105882 |access-date=April 19, 2024 |work=NBC News |language=en-US}}{{Cite news |last1=Kapur |first1=Sahil |last2=Wong |first2=Scott |last3=Stewart |first3=Kyle |last4=Kaplan |first4=Rebecca |date=September 19, 2023 |title=Deflated House Republicans leave town with no solution for government shutdown |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-republicans-still-dont-votes-government-shutdown-looms-rcna111338 |access-date=April 19, 2024 |work=NBC News |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Hulse |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Hulse |date=September 19, 2023 |title=Right-Wing House Republicans Derail Pentagon G.O.P. Bill, Rebuking McCarthy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/19/us/politics/pentagon-gop-bill.html |access-date=September 27, 2023 |work=The New York Times}} Additionally, some hardliners threatened to depose McCarthy if he turned to Democrats to gather more votes.{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/11/us/politics/mccarthy-house-spending-fight.html |title=McCarthy Is Under the Gun as the House Returns for a Spending Fight |date=September 11, 2023 |last=Hulse |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Hulse |work=The New York Times |access-date=September 27, 2023}} Bowing to resistance, McCarthy pulled a Pentagon funding bill that month.{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/14/us/politics/mccarthy-spending-bill-pentagon.html |title=McCarthy Pulls Back Pentagon Spending Bill, Inching Closer to a Shutdown |date=September 14, 2023 |last=Hulse |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Hulse |work=The New York Times |access-date=September 27, 2023}} In spite of these actions, McCarthy remained optimistic and appeased his opponents.{{Cite web |last1=Hulse |first1=Carl |author-link1=Carl Hulse |last2=Karni |first2=Annie |date=September 20, 2023 |title=Republicans Inch Closer to Spending Deal, Spoiling for a Shutdown Showdown |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/20/us/politics/house-spending-bills-stalled.html |access-date=September 27, 2023 |work=The New York Times}}

{{Infobox U.S. legislation

| shorttitle = Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act

| longtitle = An act making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2024, and for other purposes.

| enacted by = 118th

| public lawurl =

| cite public law = {{USPL|118|15}}

| acts amended =

| acts repealed =

| sections created =

| sections amended =

| leghisturl = https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5860

| introducedin = House

| introducedbill = {{USBill|118|HR|5860}}

| introducedby = Kay Granger (R–TX)

| introduceddate = September 30, 2023

| committees =

| passedbody1 = House

| passeddate1 = September 30, 2023

| passedvote1 = [https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/2023513 335–91]

| passedbody2 = Senate

| passeddate2 = September 30, 2023

| passedvote2 = [https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1181/vote_118_1_00247.htm 88–9]

| signedpresident = Joe Biden

| signeddate = September 30, 2023

}}

On September 26, the Senate reached a tentative spending deal for a temporary continuing resolution to fund the government through November,{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/26/us/politics/senate-bill-government-shutdown.html |title=Senate Reaches Spending Deal to Head Off Government Shutdown |date=September 26, 2023 |last1=Hulse |first1=Carl |last2=Edmondson |first2=Catie |author-link1=Carl Hulse |work=The New York Times |access-date=September 27, 2023}} but the bill would not be able to pass before a shutdown due to a filibuster by Senator Rand Paul over aid to Ukraine.{{Cite web |last=BURGESS EVERETT, SARAH FERRIS, CAITLIN EMMA and URSULA PERANO |date=September 26, 2023 |title=Senate moves shutdown-prevention plan that's 'not gonna happen' in House |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/09/26/senate-shutdown-prevention-plan-00118277 |access-date=March 6, 2024 |website=Politico}} McCarthy opposed the deal, telling his conference that he would not put the Senate bill on the House floor.{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/09/27/government-shutdown-house-rejects-senate-spending-bill/ |title=Shutdown looks more likely, as House GOP leaders reject Senate plan |date=September 27, 2023 |last1=Bogage |first1=Jacob |last2=Sotomayor |first2=Marianna |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=September 30, 2023}} On September 29, twenty-one Freedom Caucus members joined with Democrats to block the continuing resolution which included spending cuts and immigration restrictions, by a vote of 198—232. Far-right Republicans defied McCarthy, with Freedom Caucus members who voted against the resolution said they would not support a temporary spending bill under any circumstance.{{Cite news |last1=Edmondson |first1=Catie |last2=Guo |first2=Kayla |last3=Hulse |first3=Carl |date=September 29, 2023 |title=Right Wing Tanks Stopgap Bill in House, Pushing Government Toward a Shutdown |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/29/us/politics/shutdown-mccarthy.html |access-date=April 19, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last1=Edmondson |first1=Catie |last2=Guo |first2=Kayla |last3=Hulse |first3=Carl |author-link3=Carl Hulse |date=September 29, 2023 |title=Right Wing Tanks Stopgap Bill in House, Pushing Government Toward a Shutdown |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/29/us/politics/shutdown-mccarthy.html |access-date=September 30, 2023 |work=The New York Times}}

In order to avert a government shutdown, McCarthy struck a deal with Democrats for a bipartisan continuing resolution that kept funding at 2023 levels but did not include aid to Ukraine.{{Cite news |last1=Kane |first1=Paul |last2=McDaniel |first2=Justine |date=September 29, 2023 |title=McCarthy says he'd support a bill without Ukraine aid or border funds |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/09/29/government-shutdown-updates/#link-NSMGDRYGRBECDKC7JVXC5S2D4I |access-date=September 30, 2023 |newspaper=The Washington Post}} The bill was passed under suspension of the rules, which allowed McCarthy to bypass procedural rules votes but required a two-thirds majority to pass the resolution.{{Cite news |last1=Bade |first1=Rachael |last2=Daniels |first2=Eugene |last3=Lizza |first3=Ryan |date=September 30, 2023 |title=Playbook: McCarthy dares the right to rebel |url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook/2023/09/30/mccarthy-dares-the-right-to-rebel-00119265 |access-date=April 19, 2024 |work=Politico |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2023 |title=Senate Voting to Keep Government Running Through Mid-November |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/09/30/us/government-shutdown-news |access-date=September 30, 2023 |work=The New York Times}} The bill passed in a 335–91 vote, with 90 Republicans and 1 Democrat voting against it.{{Cite news |last1=Wong |first1=Scptt |last2=Tsirkin |first2=Julie |last3=Stewart |first3=Kyle |last4=Kapur |first4=Sahil |date=September 30, 2023 |title=House passes 45-day funding bill, likely avoiding a government shutdown |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/government-shutdown-saturday-rcna118201 |access-date=April 19, 2024 |work=NBC News |language=en-US}}

{{Further|Removal of Kevin McCarthy as Speaker of the House|October 2023 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election}}

Angry over the passing of the bipartisan continuing resolution, Republican representative Matt Gaetz on October 2 filed a motion to vacate the chair, forcing a vote on McCarthy's removal within two legislative days.{{Cite web |last=Edmondson |first=Catie |date=October 2, 2023 |title=Gaetz Moves to Oust McCarthy, Threatening His Grip on the Speakership |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/02/us/politics/mccarthy-gaetz-house-speaker.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002095249/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/02/us/politics/mccarthy-gaetz-house-speaker.html |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |access-date=October 2, 2023 |work=The New York Times}} It passed it passed 216–210, with 8 Republicans joining every Democrat to oust McCarthy from the speakership.{{Cite web |last1=Cook Escobar |first1=Molly |last2=Elliott |first2=Kennedy |last3=Levitt |first3=Zach |last4=Murphy |first4=John-Michael |last5=Parlapiano |first5=Alicia |last6=Reinhard |first6=Scott |last7=Shorey |first7=Rachel |last8=Wu |first8=Ashley |last9=Yourish |first9=Yourish |date=October 3, 2023 |title=Live Vote Count: House Decides Whether to Oust McCarthy as Speaker |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/10/03/us/politics/mccarthy-house-speaker-vote-live.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003164341/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/10/03/us/politics/mccarthy-house-speaker-vote-live.html |archive-date=October 3, 2023 |access-date=October 3, 2023 |work=The New York Times}}

Afterwards, Republicans took 22 days to replace McCarthy, during which Freedom Caucus members refused to support the conference nominations of Steve Scalise and then Tom Emmer{{Cite web |last=Solender |first=Andrew |date=October 11, 2023 |title=GOP punts on speaker vote as Scalise holdouts dig in |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/10/11/gop-speaker-vote-steve-scalise-holdouts? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012060845/https://www.axios.com/2023/10/11/gop-speaker-vote-steve-scalise-holdouts |archive-date=October 12, 2023 |access-date=October 11, 2023 |website=Axios}}{{Cite web |last1=Neukam |first1=Stephen |last2=McPhearson |first2=Lindsey |last3=Rojas |first3=Warren |date=October 24, 2023 |title=Tom Emmer Flames Out Hours After Winning GOP Speaker Nomination |url=https://themessenger.com/politics/tom-emmer-flames-out-hours-after-winning-gop-speaker-nomination |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026142750/https://themessenger.com/politics/tom-emmer-flames-out-hours-after-winning-gop-speaker-nomination |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |access-date=October 24, 2023 |website=The Messenger |language=en-US}} while moderate Republicans refused to support the conference nomination of Jim Jordan.{{Cite magazine |date=October 20, 2023 |title=GOP Drops Jim Jordan as the House Speaker Circus Drags On |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2023/10/gop-drops-jim-jordan-as-the-house-speaker-circus-drags-on |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231020214852/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2023/10/gop-drops-jim-jordan-as-the-house-speaker-circus-drags-on |archive-date=October 20, 2023 |access-date=October 20, 2023 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en}} During this time, Patrick McHenry—a McCarthy ally—was made speaker pro tempore, and the House did not pass any legislation as it was obligated to resolve the speaker election. On October 7, the Gaza war broke out, and the House was also unable to pass any resolutions or military aid to Israel because of the lack of House leadership. During some of the GOP balloting discussions, proposals emerged for extending the CR to April 2024 and mandating a 1% across-the-board cut.{{cite web |last=Schapitl |first=Lexie |date=October 11, 2023 |title=Consensus remains elusive as Republicans try to elect a House speaker |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/10/11/1205025738/house-speaker-race-republicans |accessdate=January 18, 2024 |work=NPR}}{{cite web |last1=Weiss |first1=Laura |last2=Quigley |first2=Aidan |last3=Lerman |first3=David |date=October 10, 2023 |title=House GOP prepares for potentially long slog to elect speaker |url=https://rollcall.com/2023/10/10/house-gop-prepares-for-potentially-long-slog-to-elect-speaker/ |accessdate=January 18, 2024 |work=Roll Call}} Ultimately, Mike Johnson was elected Speaker of the House with unanimous support from the Republican conference, by a vote of 220–209.{{cite web |last1=Gamio |first1=Lazaro |last2=González Gómez |first2=Martín |last3=Migliozzi |first3=Blacki |last4=Shao |first4=Elena |last5=Wu |first5=Ashley |last6=Murphy |first6=John-Michael |date=October 25, 2023 |title=Vote Count: Mike Johnson Elected House Speaker After Three-Week Vacancy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/10/17/us/politics/house-speaker-vote-tally.html |access-date=November 1, 2023 |work=The New York Times}}{{Cite web |date=2023-10-25 |title=House elects Mike Johnson as Speaker, ending GOP chaos |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4274652-republicans-make-mike-johnson-house-speaker/ |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}

Following the vote to oust McCarthy, Jeffries penned an opinion column in The Washington Post calling for a "bipartisan governing coalition" in which he pitched a path for consensus legislation that could not be blocked by a "small handful of extreme members" when large swaths of the House supported a bill.{{Cite news |date=2023-10-06 |title=Opinion {{!}} Hakeem Jeffries: A bipartisan coalition is the way forward for the House |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2023/10/06/hakeem-jeffries-bipartisan-coalition-house-gop/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}{{Cite news |last=Tully-McManus |first=Katherine |date=October 6, 2023 |title=Hakeem Jeffries pitches coalition governing in the House, and major changes to the rules |url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2023/10/06/congress/jeffries-calls-for-bipartisan-coalition-rule-changes-00120387 |work=Politico}} While a coalition was never officially formed, Democrats became crucial votes for several bills between the end of 2023 and September 2024.

{{Infobox U.S. legislation

| shorttitle = Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024

| longtitle = An act making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2024, and for other purposes.

| enacted by = 118th

| public lawurl =

| cite public law = {{USPL|118|22}}

| acts amended =

| acts repealed =

| sections created =

| sections amended =

| leghisturl = https://congress.gov/bill/118-congress/house-bill/6363

| introducedin = House

| introducedbill = {{USBill|118|HR|6363}}

| introducedby = Kay Granger (R–TX)

| introduceddate = November 13, 2023

| committees =

| passedbody1 = House

| passeddate1 = November 14, 2023

| passedvote1 = [https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/2023658 336–95]

| passedbody2 = Senate

| passeddate2 = November 15, 2023

| passedvote2 = [https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1181/vote_118_1_00312.htm 87–11]

| signedpresident = Joe Biden

| signeddate = November 17, 2023

}}

Johnson implemented the strategy of passing individual appropriations, however only HR 4821, 4364 and 4394 passed the House before the budget deadline elapsed.

A second continuing resolution passed the House on November 14 with bipartisan support,{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/14/us/politics/government-shutdown-vote-mike-johnson.html |title=House Passes Johnson's Plan to Avert Shutdown in Bipartisan Vote |date=November 14, 2023 |last=Edmondson |first=Catie |work=The New York Times |access-date=November 14, 2023}} with 93 Republicans and 2 Democrats voting against the resolution.{{Cite web |last1=Hulse |first1=Carl |date=November 14, 2023 |title=In His First Big Showdown, an Unyielding Conservative Yields |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/14/us/politics/mike-johnson-shutdown-spending-bill.html |access-date=April 10, 2024 |website=The New York Times |language=en}} The Senate passed the bill on November 15. It extended funding for four appropriations bills—Transportation/Housing and Urban Development, Military Construction/Veterans Affairs, Energy/Water, and Agriculture/Rural Development/Food and Drug Administration—until January 19, 2024, with the remaining bills extended until February 2.{{Cite news |last=Bogage |first=Jacob |date=2023-11-16 |title=Senate passes bill to avert government shutdown, sending it to Biden to sign |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/11/15/senate-vote-avert-government-shutdown/ |access-date=2023-11-16 |issn=0190-8286}}

The continuing resolution once again led to retaliation from Freedom Caucus members. On November 15, 19 Freedom Caucus members joined with Democrats to block a rule vote on a bill funding the Justice Department.{{Cite news |last1=Kane |first1=Paul |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Speaker Johnson's honeymoon period is over — or never even began |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/11/15/johnson-mccarthy-republican-house/ |access-date=April 10, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en}}

{{Infobox U.S. legislation

| shorttitle = Further Additional Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024

| longtitle = An act making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2024, and for other purposes.

| enacted by = 118th

| public lawurl =

| cite public law = {{USPL|118|35}}

| acts amended =

| acts repealed =

| sections created =

| sections amended =

| leghisturl = https://congress.gov/bill/118-congress/house-bill/2872

| introducedin = House

| introducedbill = {{USBill|118|HR|2872}}

| introducedby = Garret Graves (R–LA)

| introduceddate = April 26, 2023{{efn|H.R. 2872 was originally meant to be a relatively inconsequential bill providing for a minor amendment to the Permanent Electronic Duck Stamp Act of 2013; the bill passed the House in 2023, but was not initially acted upon by the Senate; in January 2024, the Senate passed the bill with an amendment which completely altered its content, turning it into a continuing appropriations act. This was done in order to circumvent the origination clause, which requires spending bills to start in the House.}}

| committees =

| passedbody1 = House

| passeddate1 = September 20, 2023

| passedvote1 = Passed voice vote

| passedbody2 = Senate

| passedas2 =

| passeddate2 = January 18, 2024

| passedvote2 = [https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1182/vote_118_2_00012.htm 77–18]

| agreedbody3 = House

| agreeddate3 = January 18, 2024

| agreedvote3 = [https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/202415 314–108]

| signedpresident = Joe Biden

| signeddate = January 19, 2024

}}

Following the passage of the November continuing resolution, neither the House nor the Senate advanced any funding bills,{{Cite web |title=Appropriations Status Table |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/AppropriationsStatusTable/ |access-date=January 13, 2024 |website=crsreports.congress.gov}} as hardline Republicans successfully pushed Speaker Johnson to abandon the funding levels reached in the Fiscal Responsibility Act.{{Cite web |last=punchbowlnews |date=2023-12-21 |title=☀️ AM: How Congress jammed itself on spending |url=https://punchbowl.news/archive/122123-punchbowl-news-am/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Punchbowl News |language=en-US}} On January 7, 2024, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and House Speaker Johnson agreed to a $1.59 trillion topline spending deal. The topline spending levels agreed for 2024 that was not substantially different from the deal McCarthy and President Biden had negotiated.{{Cite news |last=Bogage |first=Jacob |date=January 7, 2024 |title=Congressional leaders reach deal that would avert government shutdown |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2024/01/07/congress-budget-deal/ |access-date=January 7, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}{{Cite web |last=Quigley |first=Aidan |date=2024-01-07 |title=Congressional leaders announce topline deal on appropriations |url=https://rollcall.com/2024/01/07/deal-reached-on-appropriations-toplines-sources-say/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=Roll Call |language=en-US}} Following the agreement, hardline Republicans again attempted to push Johnson to abandon the deal,{{Cite news |last=Edmondson |first=Catie |date=2024-01-10 |title=Conservatives Revolt Anew Over Johnson Deal to Avert Shutdown |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/10/us/politics/house-republicans-johnson-deal-shutdown.html |access-date=2024-01-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} essentially ensuring Democrats would be required to join Republicans to pass a finalized spending bill in the House.{{cite news |last=Sotomayor |first=Marianna |date=January 8, 2024 |title=House GOP stares down another internal fiscal fight as deadline looms |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/01/08/house-republicans-spending-debate/ |access-date=April 24, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}

On January 10, twelve Freedom Caucus members joined Democrats to block a rule vote on an unrelated bill about electric cars in protest of the spending deal.{{cite web |last=Morgan |first=David |date=January 10, 2024 |title=US House Republican hardliners challenge Johnson over spending deal |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-house-republican-hardliners-challenge-johnson-over-spending-deal-2024-01-10/ |access-date=April 24, 2024 |publisher=Reuters}} Conventionally, the majority party unanimously backs rules, while the minority party unanimously opposes them. Democrats decided they would continue to follow the convention in this instance and continue to vote against rules.{{Cite web |date=21 September 2023 |title=How unusual is it for the House to fail to pass a rule? A look at the recent history |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/21/politics/house-failure-to-pass-rule-explainer/index.html}} This, combined with the House Freedom Caucus' determination to also oppose rules on any bill they did not support, caused Speaker Johnson to rely on suspension of rules procedures, which allow the immediate passage of a legislative proposal without the need for a rule vote, but required the support of two-thirds of the House. Democrats opted to vote in favor of suspension of the rules for budget legislation.{{cite web |last1=Mascaro |first1=Lisa |date=January 20, 2024 |title=GOP Speaker Mike Johnson has a House majority in name only. He's left with daunting choices ahead |url=https://apnews.com/article/republicans-speaker-johnson-conservatives-biden-border-shutdown-87d0a2a6a0159e0af9b7c91eac8f3b62 |access-date=April 24, 2024 |publisher=The AP}}{{Cite news |last1=Nichols |first1=Hans |last2=Brufke |first2=Juliegrace |date=January 17, 2024 |title=The House's suspended majority |url=https://www.axios.com/2024/01/18/house-republicans-suspension-democrat-votes |access-date=April 19, 2024 |work=Axios |language=en-US}}

Several senior members of Congress indicated an interest in passing another continuing resolution into March to allow for more time to draw up funding bills aligned with the deal.{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Ted |date=2024-01-09 |title=Senate Republican whip says Congress may need to pass short-term government funding bill into March {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/09/politics/senate-republican-government-funding-bill/index.html |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=CNN |language=en}} The CR was passed on January 18, 2024,{{Cite web |date=2024-01-18 |title=Congress passes stopgap bill to prevent a shutdown until March1, sending it to Biden |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/congress-vote-prevent-government-shutdown-one-day-deadline-rcna134368 |access-date=2024-01-18 |website=NBC News |language=en}} through a suspension of the rules, with 106 Republicans and two Democrats voting against it.{{cite web |last1=Thorp V |first1=Frank |last2=Kaplan |first2=Rebecca |last3=Kapur |first3=Sahail |last4=Stewart |first4=Kyle |date=January 18, 2024 |title=Congress passes stopgap bill to prevent a shutdown until March, sending it to Biden |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/congress-vote-prevent-government-shutdown-one-day-deadline-rcna134368 |access-date=April 24, 2024 |publisher=NBC News}} The CR extended funding for the first four appropriations bills until March 1, with the remainder extended until March 8.

Later in January, the House passed a bipartisan Tax Bill,{{Specify|date=March 2025}} also through a suspension of the rules.{{cite news |last1=Bogage |first1=Jacob |last2=Stein |first2=Jeff |date=January 31, 2024 |title=House votes to expand child tax credit, beef up corporate tax breaks |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2024/01/31/child-tax-credit-vote-congress/ |access-date=April 24, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post}} Despite its bipartisan passage, the bill was opposed by both Progressive Democrats and the House Freedom Caucus.{{cite web |last1=Guggenheim |first1=Benjamin |last2=Wu |first2=Nicholas |date=January 31, 2024 |title=Johnson plans to bring bipartisan tax package to House floor Wednesday |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/01/31/bipartisan-tax-package-johnson-00138747 |access-date=April 24, 2024 |publisher=Politico}}

{{Infobox U.S. legislation

| shorttitle = Extension of Continuing Appropriations and Other Matters Act, 2024

| longtitle = An act making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2024, and for other purposes.

| enacted by = 118th

| public lawurl =

| cite public law = {{USPL|118|40}}

| acts amended =

| acts repealed =

| sections created =

| sections amended =

| leghisturl = https://congress.gov/bill/118-congress/house-bill/7463

| introducedin = House

| introducedbill = {{USBill|118|HR|7463}}

| introducedby = Kay Granger (R–TX)

| introduceddate = February 28, 2024

| committees =

| passedbody1 = House

| passeddate1 = February 29, 2024

| passedvote1 = [https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/202458?Page=2 320–99]

| passedbody2 = Senate

| passedas2 =

| passeddate2 = March 1, 2024

| passedvote2 = [https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1182/vote_118_2_00067.htm#position 77–13]

| signedpresident = Joe Biden

| signeddate = March 1, 2024

}}

On February 13, the Senate took their scheduled break until the 26th, and the House designated the 15th through to the 27th as a district work period. This combination meant that all appropriations bills would need to be passed in the three days between the reconvening and first deadlines.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

On February 29, the House passed a short-term continuing resolution extending the funding deadline to March 8 for the first four appropriations bills in the November and January CRs, and to March 22 for the rest.{{Cite web |last=Yilek |first=Caitlin |date=2024-02-29 |title=Congress passes short-term funding extension to avert government shutdown - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/government-shutdown-house-vote-short-term-funding/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}} The bill passed the Senate as well on March 1, and was signed into law by President Biden later the same day.

{{Infobox U.S. legislation

| shorttitle = Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024

| longtitle = An Act making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes.

| enacted by =

| cite public law = {{USPL|118|42}}

| sections amended =

| leghisturl = https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4366

| introducedin = House

| introducedbill = the Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024 ({{USBill|118|HR|4366}})

| introducedby = John Carter (R–TX)

| introduceddate = June 27, 2023

| committees = United States House Committee on Appropriations

| passedbody1 = House

| passeddate1 = July 27, 2023

| passedvote1 = [https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/2023380 219–211]

| passedbody2 = Senate

| passedas2 = Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024

| passeddate2 = November 1, 2023

| passedvote2 = [https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1181/vote_118_1_00284.htm 82–15]

| agreedbody3 = House

| agreeddate3 = March 6, 2024

| agreedvote3 = [https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/202464 339–85]

| agreedbody4 = Senate

| agreeddate4 = March 8, 2024

| agreedvote4 = [https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1182/vote_118_2_00084.htm 75–22]

| signedpresident = Joe Biden

| signeddate = March 9, 2024

}}

On March 3, 2024, House and Senate appropriators released a $459 billion "minibus" spending package containing six of the twelve appropriations bills. The bill provided funding for the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Justice, Energy, Interior, Veterans Affairs, Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, as well as the EPA, the Army Corps of Engineers, and other military construction.{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Ashley |date=2024-03-05 |title=Five months late, Congress is poised to pass a huge chunk of federal spending |url=https://www.marylandmatters.org/2024/03/04/five-months-late-congress-is-poised-to-pass-a-huge-chunk-of-federal-spending/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Maryland Matters |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=2024-03-06 |title=House passes first funding package to avert a partial government shutdown |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-passes-first-funding-package-avert-partial-government-shutdown-rcna142048 |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=NBC News |language=en}} Democrats cheered full funding for WIC programs, which provide food assistance for women, infants and children; provisions for rental assistance, a pay raise for firefighters, and investments in new air traffic controllers;{{Cite web |title=LEADER JEFFRIES STATEMENT ON PASSAGE OF THE GOVERNMENT FUNDING PACKAGE – Congressman Hakeem Jeffries |url=https://jeffries.house.gov/2024/03/06/leader-jeffries-statement-on-passage-of-the-government-funding-package/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |language=en-US}} and the lack of "poison pill" riders promoted by Republicans. Republicans cheered cuts to the FBI, ATF, and EPA, although Democrats contested the extent of the cuts.{{Cite web |last=punchbowlnews |date=2024-03-04 |title=☀️ AM: Congress' big week: SOTU and government funding |url=https://punchbowl.news/archive/3424-punchbowl-news-am/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Punchbowl News |language=en-US}} The rightmost faction of the Republican conference harshly opposed the deal, arguing it did not contain any substantial conservative policy;{{Cite web |last=Mike Lillis |first=Mychael Schnell |date=2024-03-05 |title=House conservatives fume over deal backed by Johnson |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4507677-spending-deal-rankles-frustrated-conservatives/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}} the proposal also drew criticism from some Democrats, who expressed concern over a provision allowing mentally incompetent veterans to buy guns in certain circumstances.{{Cite web |last=Planas |first=Roque |date=2024-03-06 |title=Veterans Deemed 'Mentally Incompetent' Will Gain Gun Rights |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/must-pass-government-funding-bill-expands-gun-rights-to-mentally-incompetent_n_65e89c51e4b0c65f1094b524 |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}

The minibus deal passed the House on Wednesday, March 6, and the Senate on March 8; it was signed into law by President Biden on Saturday, March 9. The passage of the bill on coincided with two other major political events that week: Super Tuesday (on Tuesday, March 5) and 2024 State of the Union Address (on Thursday, March 7).

{{Infobox U.S. legislation

| shorttitle = Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024

| longtitle = An Act making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes.

| enacted by =

| cite public law = {{USPL|118|47}}

| public lawurl =

| sections amended =

| leghisturl = https://congress.gov/bill/118-congress/house-bill/2882

| introducedin = House

| introducedbill = the Udall Foundation Reauthorization Act of 2023 ({{USBill|118|HR|2882}})

| introducedby = Juan Ciscomani (R–AZ)

| introduceddate = April 26, 2023

| committees = United States House Committee on Appropriations

| passedbody1 = House

| passeddate1 = February 5, 2024

| passedvote1 = [https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/202432 350–58]

| passedbody2 = Senate

| passedas2 =

| passeddate2 = March 12, 2024

| passedvote2 = unanimous consent

| agreedbody3 = House

| agreeddate3 = March 22, 2024

| agreedvote3 = [https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/2024102 286–134]

| agreedbody4 = Senate

| agreeddate4 = March 23, 2024

| agreedvote4 = [https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1182/vote_118_2_00114.htm 74–24]

| signedpresident = Joe Biden

| signeddate = March 23, 2024

}}

Following the passage of the first minibus, negotiators shifted to work on a second minibus bill to fund the remaining federal departments. Funding for the Department of Homeland Security emerged as a sticking point, with both parties seeking various riders related to border policy,{{Cite web |first1=Caitlin |last1=Emma |first2=Jennifer |last2=Scholtes |first3=Daniella |last3=Diaz |date=2024-03-06 |title=Inside Congress - Border battle makes appropriators nervous |url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/inside-congress/2024/03/06/border-battle-makes-appropriators-nervous-00145515 |access-date=March 19, 2024 |website=Politico}} with negotiators pivoting to a full-year CR for that department, which would keep funding flat.{{Cite web |last=Quigley |first=Aidan |date=2024-03-14 |title=DHS headed for yearlong stopgap as appropriations finale comes into focus |url=https://rollcall.com/2024/03/14/dhs-headed-for-yearlong-stopgap-as-appropriations-finale-comes-into-focus/ |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=Roll Call |language=en-US}} That plan ran into a last-minute pushback from the Biden administration, which wanted more funding and flexibility on the border.

On March 18, negotiators reached an agreement, with text to come.{{Cite web |last1=Peller |first1=Lauren |last2=Pecorin |first2=Alison |title=A government shutdown is looming, again. Why time is running out to avert it, despite agreement on DHS funding |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/congressional-leaders-white-house-reach-dhs-funding-agreement/story?id=108272113 |date=2024-03-19 |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=ABC News |language=en}} Jeffries touted the work of a bipartisan coalition, saying: "[W]e've said from the very beginning of this Congress, as Democrats, that we will find bipartisan common ground with our Republican colleagues on any issue, whenever and wherever possible, as long as it will make life better for the American people. That's exactly what House Democrats continue to do".{{Cite web |title=VIDEO: LEADER JEFFRIES FLOOR SPEECH IN SUPPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT FUNDING PACKAGE – Congressman Hakeem Jeffries |url=https://jeffries.house.gov/2024/03/22/video-leader-jeffries-floor-speech-in-support-of-the-government-funding-package/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |language=en-US}}{{Cite news |last=Hulse |first=Carl |date=March 27, 2023 |title=Speaker Johnson's only path to legislative salvation: House Democrats |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/03/27/speaker-johnsons-only-path-legislative-salvation-house-democrats/ |newspaper=The Washington Post}} As part of negotiations to avert a government shutdown, Jeffries and Democrats helped secure at least one project as an earmark for every Democratic member. According to CNN, most members saw their share of earmarks go up $616,279 over what had passed in committee.{{Cite web |last=Zanona |first=Lauren Fox, Melanie |date=2024-05-22 |title=In fractured GOP majority, Jeffries amasses unusual amount of power as minority leader {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/22/politics/house-democratic-leader-jeffries/index.html |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=CNN |language=en}} Rep. Rosa DeLauro, Ranking Member of the House Appropriations Committee, said, "He negotiated. He got what we needed to have".

The second "minibus" spending package passed the House on March 22 by a vote of 286 to 134 (101 Republicans and 184 Democrats voted in favor; 112 Republicans and 22 Democrats voted against). The Senate voted 74-24 early Saturday morning on March 23 to pass the $1.2 trillion government funding bill after heated last-minute negotiations caused senators to breach the midnight deadline to avert a funding gap. While the final passage came after the midnight deadline, the Senate's actions prevented any lapse in government function. President Biden signed the bill on March 23, completing the regular appropriations process for the fiscal year.{{Cite web |last=House |first=The White |date=2024-03-23 |title=Press Release: Bill Signed: H.R. 2882 |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/legislation/2024/03/23/press-release-bill-signed-h-r-2882/ |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}

On April 20, over two months after the Senate had passed a previous funding bill for Israel, Taiwan, and Ukraine,{{Cite web |last=Shutt |first=Jennifer |date=2024-02-13 |title=U.S. Senate sends to the House a $95 billion aid package for Ukraine, Israel, Taiwan • Missouri Independent |url=https://missouriindependent.com/2024/02/13/u-s-senate-sends-to-the-house-a-95-billion-aid-package-for-ukraine-israel-taiwan/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=Missouri Independent |language=en-US}} Jeffries negotiated the legislative path for the bill and delivered a majority of Democratic votes to pass a new legislative package providing aid to the three countries in separate bills, each of which passed Congress with bipartisan support and large majorities and was signed into law by President Biden.{{Cite news |last=Hulse |first=Carl |date=April 21, 2024 |title=Necessity Gives Rise to Bipartisanship — for Now |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/21/us/politics/house-aid-coalition-ukraine-israel.html |work=The New York Times}} The bill was voted against in committee by three Freedom Caucus members - enough to prevent it progressing under normal circumstances - but all Democrats voted for it.{{cite web |last1=Greyer |first1=Annie |last2=Talbot |first2=Haley |date=April 19, 2024 |title=House takes key step forward on foreign aid bills with Democratic support, setting up final vote Saturday |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/18/politics/foreign-aid-bills-house-rule-vote/index.html |work=CNN Politics}} The legislative package also included a House-passed bill to force the app TikTok to divest from its Chinese Communist Party-owned parent company, ByteDance, as well as the REPO for Ukrainians Act, a measure that allows the U.S. government to fund the Ukrainian war effort with assets seized from Russian oligarchs.

Pursuant to a resolution agreed to by the House, the bills were merged into a single Act before being sent to the Senate: the latter therefore held one vote on the whole package, which passed on April 23. President Biden signed it into law the following day.{{Cite web |last1=Lerman |first1=David |last2=Quigley |first2=Aidan |date=2024-04-16 |title=Lifeline for foreign aid package, speaker's job up to Democrats |url=https://rollcall.com/2024/04/16/lifeline-for-foreign-aid-package-speakers-job-up-to-democrats/ |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=Roll Call |language=en-US}}{{Cite news |last1=Gambino |first1=Lauren |last2=Greve |first2=Joan E. |date=2024-04-24 |title=US Senate passes $95bn in aid for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/23/senate-aid-bill-ukraine-israel-taiwan |access-date=2025-01-04 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite web |last1=Kapur |first1=Sahil |last2=Thorp |first2=Frank V |last3=Alba |first3=Monica |last4=Concepcion |first4=Summer |date=24 April 2024 |title=Senate passes Ukraine aid, Israel funding and TikTok crackdown, sending bill to Biden's desk |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/senate-hold-key-test-vote-ukraine-aid-israel-funding-tiktok-ban-rcna148685 |website=NBC News}}{{Cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Michael |last2=Saenz |first2=Arlette |last3=Liptak |first3=Kevin |date=24 April 2024 |title=Biden signs foreign aid bill providing crucial military assistance to Ukraine |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/24/politics/biden-signs-foreign-aid-bill/index.html |website=CNN}}

During debate on the bill, Jeffries emphasized the role of the bipartisan legislative coalition by stating, "We have a responsibility, not as Democrats or Republicans, but as Americans to defend democracy wherever it is at risk".{{Cite web |date=2024-04-20 |title=The House passes billions in aid for Ukraine and Israel after months of struggle. Next is the Senate |url=https://apnews.com/article/ukraine-aid-israel-tiktok-congress-a8910452e623413bf1da1e491d1d94ba |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=AP News |language=en}} In an interview with CBS's 60 Minutes following the major vote, Jeffries added "effectively have been governing as if we were in the majority."{{Cite web |last1=O'Donnell |first1=Norah |last2=Chasan |first2=Aliza |last3=Sharman |first3=Keith |last4=Feitel |first4=Roxanne |date=2024-05-05 |title=House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries says Democrats "effectively have been governing as if we were in the majority" - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hakeem-jeffries-house-talks-house-divisions-israel-issues-facing-voters-60-minutes/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}} Following the votes to stave off a federal government shutdown and send foreign assistance abroad, the Associated Press said that Jeffries, as the minority leader, "might very well be the most powerful person in Congress right now."{{Cite web |last=Mascaro |first=Lisa |date=2024-05-02 |title=Hakeem Jeffries isn't speaker yet, but the Democrat may be the most powerful person in Congress |url=https://apnews.com/article/house-speaker-jeffries-johnson-marjorie-taylor-greene-41bf396eca6b0ef3b2bfb71a3cf1fc91 |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=AP News |language=en}}

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

• [https://crsreports.congress.gov/AppropriationsStatusTable?id=2024 Appropriations status table] on Congress.gov
• [https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/budget/2024 Proposed budget] in the GPO [https://www.govinfo.gov/help/budget Budget of the United States Government collection]
• [https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-17485/uslm/COMPS-17485.xml Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023] as amended ([https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-17485/pdf/COMPS-17485.pdf PDF]/[https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/COMPS-17485 details]) in the GPO [https://www.govinfo.gov/help/comps Statute Compilations collection]
• [https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-17750/uslm/COMPS-17750.xml Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024] as amended ([https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-17750/pdf/COMPS-17750.pdf PDF]/[https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/COMPS-17750 details])
• [https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-17756/uslm/COMPS-17756.xml Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024] as amended ([https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-17756/pdf/COMPS-17756.pdf PDF]/[https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/COMPS-17756 details])
• [https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-17758/uslm/COMPS-17758.xml Public Law 118–50] as amended ([https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-17758/pdf/COMPS-17758.pdf PDF]/[https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/COMPS-17758 details])

{{US federal budget}}

{{Joe Biden}}

{{118th Congress}}

Category:118th United States Congress

Category:2023 in American politics

United States

Category:Kevin McCarthy

Category:Presidency of Joe Biden

Category:United States federal budgets by year