2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East

{{Infobox event

| title = 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East

| partof = Second presidency of Donald Trump

| image = P20250513DT-0178.jpg

| caption = Trump with Mohammed bin Salman in the Royal Palace

| date = {{Start and end date|2025|5|13|2025|5|16}}

| location = {{Ubl|Saudi Arabia|Qatar|United Arab Emirates{{efn|name=UK|group=lower-alpha|Trump briefly landed in the United Kingdom for a refueling stop.}}}}

| motive =

}}{{Donald Trump series}}

From May 13 to 16, 2025, Donald Trump, the 47th president of the United States, undertook his first major international trip of his second term, visiting Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. Trump was joined by a Republican delegation and several business chief executives, including senior advisor Elon Musk. The four-day tour primarily focused on securing business deals and investments in the United States, which Trump claimed could reach as high as $4 trillion, as well as lifting sanctions on the transitional government of Syria.

Background

=Planning=

In April 2025, Karoline Leavitt, the White House press secretary, announced that Trump would visit Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates in May, his second foreign trip of his second term after the funeral of Pope Francis.{{Sfn|Friedman|2025}} The visit notably excluded Israel, though Steve Witkoff, Trump's Middle East envoy, met with Edan Alexander, a hostage who was released on May 12 in a deal between the United States and Hamas.{{Sfn|Keller-Lynn|2025}} Trump later denied that Israel was deliberately excluded from the visit.{{Sfn|Wang|Viser|2025a}} The following month, Axios reported that a Gulf Cooperation Council summit would be held during the visit.{{Sfn|Ravid|2025}}

Newswires were excluded from traveling on Air Force One; the White House Correspondents' Association formally objected to the move.{{Sfn|Grynbaum|2025}}

=Negotiations=

Leading up to the visit, the Trump administration set out to resolve the aftermath of the fall of the Assad regime, the Gaza war hostage crisis, the Russo-Ukrainian War, and Iran's nuclear program.{{Sfn|Ravid|Basu|2025}} The administration intended to sign agreements on minerals and semiconductors.{{Sfn|Dwoskin|2025}} Trump additionally proposed moving to have the Geographic Names Information System refer to the Persian Gulf as the "Arabian Gulf", increasing tensions with Iran by reviving the Persian Gulf naming dispute,{{Sfn|Fassihi|2025a}} though plans to rename the gulf were later abandoned over Iranian opposition, according to CNN.{{Sfn|Waldenberg|2025}}

Visit

=Saudi Arabia (May 13–14)=

File:President Trump Participates in an Arrival Ceremony, May 13, 2025.webm, Saudi Arabia, 2025]]

On May 12, Trump temporarily stopped at RAF Mildenhall in Suffolk to refuel before going to Riyadh.{{Sfn|"Donald Trump lands at UK air base to refuel". BBC News}} As he traveled to Saudi Arabia, he was interviewed by Sean Hannity of Fox News.{{Sfn|Tucker|2025a}} Trump met with Mohammed bin Salman the following day, where he repeated his calls to increase Saudi Arabia's investment in the United States from {{USD|600}} billion to {{USD|1}} trillion;{{Sfn|Broadwater|2025a}} the figure is approximately equal to Saudi Arabia's gross domestic product for a year and exceeds the Public Investment Fund's assets.{{Sfn|Nereim|2025a}} Trump and Mohammed signed a "strategic economic partnership" agreement that includes a {{USD|142}} billion{{Sfn|Broadwater|Nereim|Swan|2025}} letter of intent to improve defense capabilities, a memorandum of understanding with the United States Department of Justice and on energy resources, cooperations on diseases, and agreements between the Saudi Space Agency and NASA and between the government of Saudi Arabia and the National Zoological Park to establish a dedicated exhibit for the Arabian leopard.{{Sfn|Broadwater|2025b}} The visit elevated Mohammed's standing within the Saudi government as Salman, who did not appear during the Saudi visit, has largely receded from public view. In contrast to the 2017 Riyadh summit, Mohammed greeted Trump at King Khalid International Airport, rather than Salman.{{Sfn|Naar|2025a}}

Trump's visit coincided with the Saudi-U.S. Investment Forum, an event that included the chief executives of Blackstone, Citigroup, and Palantir Technologies.{{Sfn|Nereim|2025b}} During the forum, Nvidia and AMD announced that they would provide semiconductors to Humain, a Saudi artificial intelligence company, in a {{USD|10}} billion project.{{Sfn|El Chmouri|King|2025}} Elon Musk, an advisor to Trump, stated that the Saudi government had approved plans to use Starlink for aviation and maritime shipping and that he had shown Optimus robots to Trump and Mohammed.{{Sfn|El Chmouri|Al-Rashdan|2025}} Speaking at the forum, Trump encouraged Saudi Arabia to join the Abraham Accords—drawing silence from the audience{{Sfn|Nereim|2025c}}—announced that he would lift sanctions on Syria,{{Sfn|Swan|Hubbard|2025}} and implored Iran to negotiate over its nuclear program.{{Sfn|George|2025a}} DataVolt, a Saudi company, committed to invest {{USD|20}} billion into U.S. energy infrastructure and data centers; in turn, American firms invested {{USD|2}} billion into Saudi projects, including King Salman International Airport, King Salman Park, and Qiddiya. The announced deals amounted to approximately {{USD|283}} billion in investments.{{Sfn|Broadwater|Nereim|Swan|2025}} Trump attended a state dinner in Diriyah after speaking at the Saudi-U.S. Investment Forum.{{Sfn|Vazquez|2025}}

File:President Donald Trump with Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman and President of Syria Ahmed al-Sharaa (2025) (cropped).jpg and President of Syria Ahmed al-Sharaa in Riyadh, 2025]]

Prior to going to Doha, Trump met with Syrian president Ahmed al-Sharaa, the first time that the leaders had met since a meeting was convened between Bill Clinton and Hafez al-Assad in Geneva in 2000,{{Sfn|George|2025b}} and urged him to join the Abraham Accords.{{Sfn|Cheeseman|2025}} Mohammed bin Salman and Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan took part in the meeting.{{Sfn|Naar|Liston|2025}} Trump attended a Gulf Cooperation Council summit with Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani of Qatar, Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah of Kuwait, Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa of Bahrain. Oman and the United Arab Emirates sent representatives, Asa'ad bin Tariq Al Said and Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan respectively.{{Sfn|Nereim|2025d}} In his opening remarks, Mohammed advocated for a conclusion to the Gaza war that would lead to the goals set forth in the Arab Peace Initiative.{{Sfn|Nereim|2025e}}

=Qatar (May 14–15)=

Trump arrived in Doha on May 14, where he met with Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani.{{Sfn|Naar|2025c}} Hours later, Qatar Airways signed an agreement to purchase as many as 210 planes from Boeing,{{Sfn|Al-Rashdan|Johnsson|2025}} in what Trump described as "the largest order of jets in the history of Boeing".{{Sfn|Broadwater|2025c}} The United States announced over {{USD|243}} billion in deals with Qatar, including a {{USD|1}} billion defense agreement with Raytheon for Qatari counter-drone capabilities, a {{USD|2}} billion contract with General Atomics for MQ-9B unmanned aerial vehicles, and {{USD|38}} billion for Al Udeid Air Base.{{Sfn|Broadwater|Swan|2025}} Trump later attended a state dinner at Lusail Palace{{Sfn|Wang|Viser|2025b}} where he appealed to Qatar to improve Iran–United States relations.{{Sfn|Svitek|2025}} After the dinner, Trump and Tamim gathered for a ceremony passing the hosting duties of the FIFA World Cup to the United States.{{Sfn|Tucker|2025b}} The following day, he participated in a business roundtable at St. Regis Doha{{Sfn|Broadwater|2025d}} and visited Al Udeid Air Base.{{Sfn|Zhuang|2025}}

=United Arab Emirates (May 15–16)=

Trump arrived in Abu Dhabi on May 15, becoming the second serving U.S. president to visit the country.{{Sfn|Naar|2025d}} He toured the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque with Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan.{{Sfn|Naar|2025e}} The United Arab Emirates awarded Trump the Order of Zayed, the country's highest civil decoration.{{Sfn|Broadwater|2025e}} During the visit, the United States Department of Commerce announced a deal with the Emirates and Emirati artificial intelligence firm G42 to establish the largest data center for artificial intelligence outside of the United States in Abu Dhabi.{{Sfn|Swanson|2025b}} Trump attended a business event and visited an interfaith center the following day before returning to the United States.{{Sfn|Nauman|2025}}

Impact

Trump's visit to Saudi Arabia marked a "significant shift in U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East" in which the U.S. has no enemies, according to The Washington Post.{{Sfn|Viser|Birnbaum|2025}} The New York Times noted that Trump's pledge to no longer give "lectures on how to live" to the Middle East denounced decades of U.S. foreign policy in the region.{{Sfn|Nereim|2025f}} His visit to Qatar was also viewed amid changes to the country's global reputation, including hosting the 2022 FIFA World Cup.{{Sfn|Shear|Rasgon|Panja|2025}}

Trump's decision to lift sanctions from Syria was seen as critical to rebuilding the country.{{Sfn|Hubbard|2025}}

Responses

=Ethics concerns=

The visit came amid business deals with the Trump family, including Trump-branded residential towers in Dubai{{Sfn|Nereim|Lipton|2025}} and in Jeddah, a Trump-branded golf resort in Qatar,{{Sfn|Brown|Kalin|2025}} a deal between MGX Fund Management Limited and World Liberty Financial,{{Sfn|Yaffe-Bellany|2025}} and investments by the Public Investment Fund in Jared Kushner's ventures.{{Sfn|Dagher|2025}} On May 11, ABC News reported that Trump intended to accept a Boeing 747-8KB from the House of Thani, a move that posed ethical issues.{{Sfn|Haberman|Schmitt|Thrush|2025}} Republicans expressed national security concerns over the plane.{{Sfn|Wise|Linskey|2025}}

=Geopolitical response=

Negotiations between the United States and Iran and Trump's lighter tone on Iran were praised by Bahrain's Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa; following an attack on Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran in 2016, Bahrain severed diplomatic relations with Iran, though it has attempted to restore them.{{Sfn|Naar|2025b}} Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei condemned Trump's critical remarks about Iran during the visit, referring to him as a liar.{{Sfn|Shahla|2025}} The New York Times{{'}}s Farnaz Fassihi noted that the visit accentuated the belief that Iran has been economically held back.{{Sfn|Fassihi|2025b}}

Celebrations in Syria were held following Trump's announcement that he would lift sanctions on the country.{{Sfn|Loveluck|Zakaria|2025}}

=Business deals=

The United States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party criticized a planned agreement to sell semiconductors to countries in the Middle East, viewing it as a potential vulnerability for China to leverage.{{Sfn|Swanson|2025a}}

Notes

References

Works cited

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{{Cite web |last1=Ravid |first1=Barak |last2=Basu |first2=Zachary |url=https://www.axios.com/2025/05/14/trump-syria-iran-gaza-ukraine-diplomacy-saudi-trip |title=Trump tries to tackle four global crises all at once |date=May 14, 2025 |author-link1=Barak Ravid |work=Axios |access-date=May 14, 2025}}
{{Cite web |last=Shahla |first=Arsalan |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-05-17/iran-s-khamenei-brands-trump-a-liar-in-escalation-of-rhetoric |title=Iran's Khamenei Brands Trump a Liar in Escalation of Rhetoric |date=May 17, 2025 |publisher=Bloomberg News |access-date=May 17, 2025}}
{{Cite web |last1=Shear |first1=Michael |last2=Rasgon |first2=Adam |last3=Panja |first3=Tariq |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/14/world/middleeast/trump-qatar.html |title=With Trump Visit, Qatar's Image Makeover Scores Another Success |date=May 14, 2025 |author-link1=Michael D. Shear |author-link3=Tariq Panja |work=The New York Times |access-date=May 14, 2025}}
{{Cite web |last=Svitek |first=Patrick |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/05/14/trump-saudi-arabia-qatar/#link-UNPJ74TKQZFSJE2OXMMSI3LBCI |title=Trump appeals to Qatar for help with Iran tensions |date=May 14, 2025 |work=The Washington Post |access-date=May 14, 2025}}
{{Cite web |last1=Swan |first1=Jonathan |last2=Hubbard |first2=Ben |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/13/us/politics/trump-syria-president-meeting.html |title=Trump will lift sanctions on Syria, meet with new president. |date=May 13, 2025 |author-link1=Jonathan Swan |work=The New York Times |access-date=May 13, 2025}}
{{Cite web |last=Swanson |first=Ana |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/05/13/us/trump-news-saudi-arabia/37680e81-be99-556c-ac41-4176f4d65a4d |title=As Trump begins his Gulf trip in Saudi Arabia, his plan to sign agreements that would sell large numbers of American-designed A.I. chips to countries in the Middle East is getting some blowback in Congress. |date=May 13, 2025 |work=The New York Times |access-date=May 13, 2025 |ref={{Harvid|Swanson|2025a}}}}
{{Cite web |last=Swanson |first=Ana |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/05/15/us/trump-news/aee61e33-8ef3-5e65-a27c-92081cd75ea9 |title=The Trump administration just announced that it is working with the United Arab Emirates to establish the largest A.I. data center outside of the United States. |date=May 15, 2025 |work=The New York Times |access-date=May 15, 2025 |ref={{Harvid|Swanson|2025b}}}}
{{Cite web |last=Tucker |first=Brianna |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/05/13/trump-middle-east-saudi-arabia-qatar-uae/#link-FXUZFP7CC5HDZLAXSVDX5FU4NQ |title=Sean Hannity interviewed President Donald Trump en route to Saudi Arabia, and that conversation will air on the Fox News host's show Tuesday at 9 p.m. Eastern time. |date=May 13, 2025 |work=The Washington Post |access-date=May 13, 2025 |ref={{Harvid|Tucker|2025a}}}}
{{Cite web |last=Tucker |first=Brianna |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/05/14/trump-saudi-arabia-qatar/#link-EK7XTCLJNNF4VNXVB7HBRX4OEM |title=Qatari leader holds ceremony to pass World Cup to Trump, U.S. |date=May 14, 2025 |work=The Washington Post |access-date=May 14, 2025 |ref={{Harvid|Tucker|2025b}}}}
{{Cite web |last=Vazquez |first=Maegan |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/05/13/trump-middle-east-saudi-arabia-qatar-uae/#link-EMZS4AR6YRE67DLL2WHUPSIK2Y |title=President Donald Trump arrived at a Saudi state dinner on Tuesday evening, according to the White House press pool. |date=May 13, 2025 |work=The Washington Post |access-date=May 13, 2025}}
{{Cite web |last1=Viser |first1=Matt |last2=Birnbaum |first2=Michael |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/05/13/trump-iran-syria-middle-east/ |title=Trump pulls sanctions on Syria, extends olive branch to Iran |date=May 13, 2025 |work=The Washington Post |access-date=May 13, 2025}}
{{Cite web |last1=Wang |first1=Amy |last2=Viser |first2=Matt |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/05/14/trump-saudi-arabia-qatar/#link-EEY4C7LP4RC7BNDVGWQLFOBOM4 |title=President Donald Trump denied that his trip to the Middle East this week — which includes stops in Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates — snubs Israel. |date=May 14, 2025 |work=The Washington Post |access-date=May 14, 2025 |ref={{Harvid|Wang|Viser|2025a}}}}
{{Cite web |last1=Wang |first1=Amy |last2=Viser |first2=Matt |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/05/14/trump-saudi-arabia-qatar/#link-OTHUJ5ASFNFTJPGGDU62KID4QI |title=President Donald Trump has arrived at Lusail Palace for a state dinner hosted by Qatar. |date=May 14, 2025 |work=The Washington Post |access-date=May 14, 2025 |ref={{Harvid|Wang|Viser|2025b}}}}
{{Cite web |last1=Wise |first1=Lindsay |last2=Linskey |first2=Annie |url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/republicans-raise-concerns-over-trumps-plane-gift-as-he-heads-to-qatar-0060bdec |title=Republicans Raise Concerns Over Trump's Plane Gift as He Heads to Qatar |date=May 13, 2025 |work=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=May 14, 2025}}
{{Cite web |last=Waldenberg |first=Samantha |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/trump-middle-east-news-05-13-25#cmampr81s00003b6qutgper00 |title=Trump says "disaster" is unfolding in Persian Gulf before recalling "they wanted" to name it "Gulf of Iran" |date=May 13, 2025 |publisher=CNN |access-date=May 14, 2025}}
{{Cite web |last=Yaffe-Bellany |first=David |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/01/us/politics/trump-cryptocurrency-usd1-dubai-conference-announcement.html |title=At a Dubai Conference, Trump's Conflicts Take Center Stage |date=May 1, 2025 |work=The New York Times |access-date=May 13, 2025}}
{{Cite web |last=Zhuang |first=Yan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/15/us/politics/trump-qatar-us-military-base.html?smid=url-share |title=On Gulf Tour, Trump Visits U.S. Base in Mideast |date=May 15, 2025 |work=The New York Times |access-date=May 15, 2025}}