25D-NBOMe
{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
{{Drugbox
| IUPAC_name = 2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine
| image = 25D-NBOMe2DACS.svg
| width = 240
| tradename =
| legal_BR = F2
| legal_BR_comment = {{Cite web |author=Anvisa |author-link=Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency |date=2023-07-24 |title=RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial |trans-title=Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control|url=https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-804-de-24-de-julho-de-2023-498447451 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827163149/https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-804-de-24-de-julho-de-2023-498447451 |archive-date=2023-08-27 |access-date=2023-08-27 |publisher=Diário Oficial da União |language=pt-BR |publication-date=2023-07-25}}
| legal_DE = NpSG
| legal_UK = Class A
| legal_status = Illegal in China and Sweden
| CAS_number = 1354632-02-2
| PubChem = 118536027
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 48059920
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 7RET11HE13
| synonyms = NBOMe-2C-D
| C=19 | H=25 | N=1 | O=3
| SMILES = COC1=C(C=C(C(=C1)C)OC)CCNCC2=C(C=CC=C2)OC
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C19H25NO3/c1-14-11-19(23-4)15(12-18(14)22-3)9-10-20-13-16-7-5-6-8-17(16)21-2/h5-8,11-12,20H,9-10,13H2,1-4H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = UTVHBNXCFSATDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
25D-NBOMe, also known as NBOMe-2C-D, is a derivative of the phenethylamine derived hallucinogen 2C-D. It acts in a similar manner to related compounds such as 25I-NBOMe, which is a potent agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor.{{cite journal | vauthors = Hansen M, Phonekeo K, Paine JS, Leth-Petersen S, Begtrup M, Bräuner-Osborne H, Kristensen JL | title = Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-benzyl phenethylamines as 5-HT2A/2C agonists | journal = ACS Chemical Neuroscience | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = 243–9 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24397362 | pmc = 3963123 | doi = 10.1021/cn400216u }}{{cite thesis | vauthors = Hansen M | title = Design and Synthesis of Selective Serotonin Receptor Agonists for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of the Brain. | degree = Ph.D. | publisher = University of Copenhagen | date = 2010-12-16 | doi = 10.13140/RG.2.2.33671.14245}} 25D-NBOMe has been sold as a street drug since 2010 and produces similar effects in humans to related compounds such as 25I-NBOMe and 25C-NBOMe.{{cite journal |vauthors=Casale JF, Hays PA |title=Characterization of Eleven 2,5-Dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (NBOMe) Derivatives and Differentiation from their 3- and 4-Methoxybenzyl Analogues - Part I |journal=Microgram Journal |year=2012 |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=84–109 |url=https://www.dea.gov/pr/microgram-journals/2012/mj9_84-109.pdf |access-date=14 January 2014 |archive-date=13 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513130505/https://www.dea.gov/pr/microgram-journals/2012/mj9_84-109.pdf |url-status=dead }} It was banned as a Temporary Class Drug in the UK on 10 June 2013 after concerns about its recreational use.{{cite web | url = https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/temporary-class-drug-order-report-on-benzofury-and-nbome-compounds | title = Temporary class drug order report on 5-6APB and NBOMe compounds | access-date = 2013-07-10 | date = 4 Jun 2013 | publisher = UK Home Office}}
Interactions
{{See also|Psychedelic drug#Interactions|Trip killer#Serotonergic psychedelic antidotes}}
Toxicity and harm potential
{{Excerpt | 25-NB | Toxicity and harm potential}}
=Neurotoxic and cardiotoxic actions=
{{Excerpt | 25-NB | Neurotoxic and cardiotoxic actions}}
=Emergency treatment=
{{Excerpt | 25-NB | Emergency treatment}}
Pharmacology
25D-NBOMe acts as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors.{{cite journal | vauthors = Gil-Martins E, Barbosa DJ, Borges F, Remião F, Silva R | title = Toxicodynamic insights of 2C and NBOMe drugs - Is there abuse potential? | journal = Toxicol Rep | volume = 14 | issue = | pages = 101890 | date = June 2025 | pmid = 39867514 | doi = 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101890 | url = | pmc = 11762925 | bibcode = 2025ToxR...1401890G }}
The drug produces the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic-like effects, in rodents.{{cite journal | vauthors = Halberstadt AL, Chatha M, Klein AK, Wallach J, Brandt SD | title = Correlation between the potency of hallucinogens in the mouse head-twitch response assay and their behavioral and subjective effects in other species | journal = Neuropharmacology | volume = 167 | issue = | pages = 107933 | date = May 2020 | pmid = 31917152 | pmc = 9191653 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107933 | url = http://usdbiology.com/cliff/Courses/Advanced%20Seminars%20in%20Neuroendocrinology/Serotonergic%20Psychedelics%2020/Halberstadt%2020%20Neuropharm%20potency%20of%20hallucinogens%20%20head-twitch.pdf}}
25D-NBOMe has shown reinforcing effects in rodents.{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee JG, Hur KH, Hwang SB, Lee S, Lee SY, Jang CG | title = Designer Drug, 25D-NBOMe, Has Reinforcing and Rewarding Effects through Change of a Dopaminergic Neurochemical System | journal = ACS Chem Neurosci | volume = 14 | issue = 15 | pages = 2658–2666 | date = August 2023 | pmid = 37463338 | doi = 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00196 | url = }} This included conditioned place preference (CPP) and self-administration. Relatedly, the drug has been found to increase dopaminergic signaling in the nucleus accumbens.
Society and culture
=Legal status=
==China==
As of October 2015 25D-NBOMe is a controlled substance in China.{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | access-date=1 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001222554/http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | archive-date=1 October 2015 | url-status=dead }}
==Sweden==
Sveriges riksdag added 25D-NBOMe to schedule I ("substances, plant materials and fungi which normally do not have medical use") as narcotics in Sweden as of Aug 1, 2013, published by Medical Products Agency in their regulation LVFS 2013:15 listed as 25D-NBOMe 2-(2,5-dimetoxi-4-metylfenyl)-N-(2-metoxibensyl)etanamin.{{cite web | title = Läkemedelsverkets författningssamling | trans-title = The Swedish Medicines Agency's constitutional collection | url = https://lakemedelsverket.se/upload/lvfs/LVFS_2013-15.pdf | language = Swedish | work = Läkemedelsverkets }}
==United Kingdom==
{{N-benzylphenethylamine-Legality-United Kingdom}}
==United States==
Unregulated at a federal and state level, though arguably may contravene the Federal Analog Act under certain circumstances given its structural and functional similarity to controlled substance 2C-D.
See also
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://isomerdesign.com/pihkal/explore/342 25D-NBOMe - Isomer Design]
{{Psychedelics}}
{{Serotonin receptor modulators}}
{{Phenethylamines}}