4D film
{{Short description|3D film with in-theater physical effects}}File:4D venue.jpg theater.]]
4D film is a presentation system combining motion pictures with synchronized physical effects that occur in the theater. Effects simulated in 4D films include motion, vibration, scent, rain, mist, bubbles, fog, smoke, wind, temperature changes, and strobe lights.Archived at[https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/FN03zZRHSHA Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20181115120500/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FN03zZRHSHA Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FN03zZRHSHA| title = 4DX Cinemas Next Generation - Motion Seats, Wind, Fog, Lighting, Bubbles, Water & Scents | website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/0Gtcjn4uvjE Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20150329174357/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Gtcjn4uvjE Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Gtcjn4uvjE| title = Smelly Screens & Moving Seats At The UK's First 4DX Cinema {{!}} Swipe | website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}} Seats in 4D venues vibrate and move.
As of 2022, 4D films have been exhibited in more than 65 countries.{{Cite web |date=2019-04-01 |title=4DX Continues to Dominate The 4D Marketplace by Inking Deal with Cineplex Germany |url=https://www.dcinematoday.com/dc/pr?newsID=5415 |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=DCinemaToday}} 4D motion pictures are also exhibited in theme parks.{{Cite web |title=Weekly Top 10: The World's Best Theme Park Movie Attractions |url=https://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201501/4382/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=Theme Park Insider}}
History
The term "4D film" is an extension of 3D film, which gives the illusion of three-dimensional solidity.{{cite web|url=https://time.com/2936808/watch-first-4d-theater-opens-in-the-u-s/|title=Watch: First 4D Theater Opens in the U.S.|date=June 24, 2014|access-date=December 13, 2023|work=Time}} Precursors of the modern 4D film presentation include Sensurround, which debuted in 1974 with the film Earthquake. Only a few films were presented in Sensurround, and it was supplanted by Dolby Stereo in 1977, which featured extended low frequencies and made subwoofers a common addition to cinema.{{cite web |url= http://www.in70mm.com/news/2011/in_sensurround/english/index.htm|title= …in Sensurround|last= Hauersley|first= Thomas|date= May 25, 2011|publisher= In 70mm|access-date= October 23, 2017}} Other notable efforts at pushing the boundaries of the film viewing experience include Fantasound, the first use of stereo sound; Cinemiracle and Cinerama, both widescreen formats utilizing multiple projectors; and Smell-O-Vision.
The Sensorium is regarded as the world's first commercial 4D film and was first screened in 1984 at Six Flags Power Plant in Baltimore. It was produced in partnership with Landmark Entertainment.{{cite book|last= Zone|first= Ray|date= 2012|title= 3-D Revolution: The History of Modern Stereoscopic Cinema|url= http://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_book/120/|publisher= The University Press of Kentucky|pages= 143–155|isbn= 978-0-8131-3611-0|access-date= 2017-10-23|archive-date= 2017-10-23|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171023230917/http://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_book/120/|url-status= dead}}
4DX, D-Box Technologies, and Mediamation all currently integrate 4D technology in global stadium seating multiplexes.{{cite web |url= https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/cinema-with-a-new-dimension-20111005-1la3c#ixzz3Ci7Na2Cx|title= Cinema with a new dimension|last= Maddox|first= Gary|date= October 7, 2011|publisher= The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date= October 23, 2017}}
List of 4D presentation systems for film theatres
The following is a list of 4D presentation systems developed for traditional film theatres.
| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+Overview of 4D providers |
| scope="col"|Format
! scope="col"| Date ! scope="col"|Developer ! scope="col"|3D format ! scope="col"|Motion seat ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Effects ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Remarks ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes |
|---|
| scope="row"|4DX
|align=center| |CJ 4D Plex |align=center|yes |motion, vibration, scent/olfactory, water sprays, wind/air, snow, fog, strobes, lightning, bubbles | |
| scope="row"|D-Box
|align=center| |Stereoscopic 3D |align=center|yes |motion, vibration | |
| scope="row"|MX4D{{cite web |url= https://www.showcasecinemas.com/theatres/theatre-technology/MX4D|title= Showcase Cinemas|date= 2017|publisher= National Amusements, Inc|access-date= October 22, 2017}}
|align=center| |MediaMation |Stereoscopic 3D |align=center|yes |motion, vibration, scent/olfactory, water sprays, wind/air, snow, fog, strobes, lightning, bubbles | |
| scope="row"|4D E-Motion
|align=center| |Lumma |Stereoscopic 3D |align=center|yes |motion, vibration, scent/olfactory, water sprays, wind/air, snow, fog, strobes, lightning, bubbles | | |
| scope="row"|(Not named by developer)
|align=center| |Red Rover |Stereoscopic 3D |align=center|yes |motion, water sprays, wind/air, scent/olfactory, fog, strobes, bubbles, | |Branded as Super 4D in Lotte Cinema installations. |
Selected filmography
See also
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
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{{Stereoscopy|state=expanded}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:4D Film}}