AIM-120 AMRAAM#Variants and upgrades

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The AIM-7 Sparrow medium range missile (MRM) was purchased by the US Navy from original developer Hughes Aircraft in the 1950s as its first operational air-to-air missile with "beyond visual range" (BVR) capability. With an effective range of about {{convert|12|mi|km}}, it was introduced as a radar beam-riding missile and then it was improved to a semi-active radar guided missile which would home in on reflections from a target illuminated by the radar of the launching aircraft. It was effective at visual to beyond visual range. The early beam riding versions of the Sparrow missiles were integrated onto the McDonnell F3H Demon and Vought F7U Cutlass, but the definitive AIM-7 Sparrow was the primary weapon for the all-weather McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II fighter/interceptor, which lacked an internal gun in its U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and early U.S. Air Force versions. The F-4 carried up to four AIM-7s in built-in recesses under its belly.

Designed for use against non-maneuvering targets such as bombers, the missiles initially performed poorly against fighters over North Vietnam, and were progressively improved until they proved highly effective in dogfights. Together with the short-range, infrared-guided AIM-9 Sidewinder, they replaced the AIM-4 Falcon IR and radar guided series for use in air combat by the USAF as well. A disadvantage to semi-active homing was that only one target could be illuminated by the launching fighter plane at a time. Also, the launching aircraft had to remain pointed in the direction of the target (within the azimuth and elevation of its own radar set) which could be difficult or dangerous in air-to-air combat.

An active-radar variant called the Sparrow II was developed to address these drawbacks, but the U.S. Navy pulled out of the project in 1956. The Royal Canadian Air Force, which took over development in the hopes of using the missile to arm their prospective Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow interceptor, soon followed in 1958.{{cite web|url=http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-7.html|title=Raytheon AIM/RIM-7 Sparrow|work=designation-systems.net|access-date=April 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202152/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-7.html|archive-date=March 3, 2016|url-status=live}} The electronics of the time simply could not be miniaturized enough to make Sparrow II a viable working weapon. It would take decades, and a new generation of digital electronics, to produce an effective active-radar air-to-air missile as compact as the Sparrow.

The US Navy later developed the AIM-54 Phoenix long-range missile (LRM) for the fleet air defense mission. It was a large {{convert|1000|lb|kg|-2|abbr=on}}, Mach 5 missile designed to counter cruise missiles and the bombers that launched them. Originally intended for the straight-wing Douglas F6D Missileer and then the navalized General Dynamics–Grumman F-111B, it finally saw service with the Grumman F-14 Tomcat, the only fighter capable of carrying such a heavy missile. The Phoenix was the first US fire-and-forget, multiple-launch, radar-guided missile: one which used its own active guidance system to guide itself without help from the launch aircraft when it closed on its target. This, in theory, gave a Tomcat with a six-Phoenix load the unprecedented capability of tracking and destroying up to six targets beyond visual range, as far as {{convert|100|mi|km|-1}} away—the only US fighter with such capability.

A full load of six Phoenix missiles and its {{convert|2000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} dedicated launcher exceeded a typical Vietnam-era bomb load. Its service in the US Navy was primarily as a deterrent, as its use was hampered by restrictive rules of engagement in conflicts such as 1991 Gulf War, Southern Watch (enforcing no-fly zones), and Iraq War. The US Navy retired the Phoenix in 2004{{Citation | title = Navy Retires AIM-54 Phoenix Missile | url = http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=15422 | place = United States | publisher = Navy | access-date = November 26, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110305105351/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=15422 | archive-date = March 5, 2011 | url-status = dead }} in light of availability of the AIM-120 AMRAAM on the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet and the pending retirement of the F-14 Tomcat from active service in late 2006.

The Department of Defense conducted an extensive evaluation of air combat tactics and missile technology from 1974 to 1978 at Nellis AFB using the F-14 Tomcat and F-15 Eagle equipped with Sparrow and Sidewinder missiles as the blue force and aggressor F-5E aircraft equipped with AIM-9L all-aspect Sidewinders as the red force. This joint test and evaluation (JT&E) was designated Air Combat Evaluation/Air Intercept Missile Evaluation (ACEVAL/AIMVAL).{{citation needed| date= July 2010| reason= Dead link removed}} A principal finding was that the necessity to produce illumination for the Sparrow until impact resulted in the red force's being able to launch their all-aspect Sidewinders before impact, resulting in mutual kills. What was needed was Phoenix-type multiple-launch and terminal active capability in a Sparrow-size airframe. This led to a memorandum of agreement (MOA) with European allies (principally the UK and Germany for development) for the US to develop an advanced, medium-range, air-to-air missile with the USAF as lead service.

The MOA also saw an agreement to develop a replacement for the Sidewinder, specifically; an advanced ‘dogfight’ air-to-air missile, capable of better covering the range disparity that would emerge between such short-range missiles and the eventual AMRAAM. This task fell to a British-German design team, with the Germans leaving the project in 1989. The missile would emerge as the British Advanced Short Range Air-to-Air Missile (ASRAAM), entering service in 1998. While the U.S. never adopted the ASRAAM — instead opting to continue upgrading the Sidewinder — the ASRAAM did enter into service with the British, Indian, and Australian militaries. The UK has continued to upgrade the ASRAAM, with the ‘Block 6’ variant entering service in 2022.{{cite journal |last=Allison |first=George |date=2 May 2022 |title=ASRAAM Block 6 enters service on Typhoon |url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/asraam-block-6-enters-service-on-typhoon/ |url-status=live |journal=UK Defence Journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502152133/https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/asraam-block-6-enters-service-on-typhoon/ |archive-date=2 May 2022 |accessdate=2 May 2022}}

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By the 1990s, the reliability of the Sparrow had improved significantly, relative to its use in Vietnam, with it accounting for the largest number of aerial targets destroyed in the Desert Storm phase of the Gulf War. However, while the USAF had passed on the Phoenix and its own similar AIM-47 Falcon/Lockheed YF-12 to optimize dogfight performance, it still needed a multiple-launch fire-and-forget capability for the F-15 and F-16. The AMRAAM would need to be fitted on fighters as small as the F-16, and fit in the same spaces that were designed to fit the Sparrow on the F-4 Phantom. The European partners needed AMRAAM to be integrated on aircraft as small as the BAe Sea Harrier. The US Navy needed the AMRAAM to be carried on the F/A-18 Hornet and wanted capability for two to be carried on a launcher that normally carried one Sparrow to allow for more air-to-ground weapons. Finally, the AMRAAM became one of the primary air-to-air weapons of the new Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor fighter, which needed to place all of its weapons into internal weapons bays in order to help achieve an extremely low radar cross-section.

File:AIM-120 first kill.jpg

AMRAAM was developed as the result of an agreement (the Family of Weapons MOA, no longer in effect by 1990), among the United States and several other NATO nations to develop air-to-air missiles and to share production technology. Under this agreement, the U.S. was to develop the next generation medium range missile (AMRAAM) and Europe would develop the next generation short range missile (ASRAAM). Although Europe initially adopted the AMRAAM, an effort to develop the MDBA Meteor, a competitor to AMRAAM, was begun in UK. Eventually, the ASRAAM was developed solely by the British, but using another source for its infrared seeker. After protracted development, the deployment of AMRAAM (AIM-120A) began in September 1991 in US Air Force McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle fighter squadrons. The US Navy soon followed (in 1993) in its McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet squadrons.

The Russian Air Force counterpart of AMRAAM is the somewhat similar R-77 (NATO codename AA-12 Adder), sometimes referred to in the West as the "AMRAAMski". Likewise, France began its own air-to-air missile development with the MICA concept that used a common airframe for separate radar-guided and infrared-guided versions.

The AMRAAM was used operationally for the first time on December 27, 1992, when a USAF General Dynamics F-16D Fighting Falcon shot down an Iraqi MiG-25 that violated the southern no-fly-zone.Bjorkman, Eileen, "Small, fast and in your face", Air & Space, February/March 2014, p. 35. This missile had been returned from the flight line as defective a day earlier. The AMRAAM gained a second victory in January 1993 when an Iraqi MiG-23 was shot down by a USAF F-16C.

On 28 February 1994, a Republika Srpska Air Force J-21 Jastreb aircraft was shot down by a USAF F-16C that was patrolling the UN-imposed no-fly zone over Bosnia. In that engagement, at least three other Serbian aircraft were shot down by USAF F-16Cs using AIM-9 missiles (Banja Luka incident). At that point, three launches in combat had resulted in three kills, resulting in the AMRAAMs being informally named "slammer" in the second half of the 1990s.{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}}

In 1994, two USAF F-15 fighters patrolling Iraq's Northern No-Fly Zone mistook a pair of US Army Black Hawk helicopters for Iraqi helicopters, and shot them down. One was downed with an AIM-120, and one with an AIM-9 Sidewinder.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/15/world/us-jets-over-iraq-attack-own-helicopters-in-error-all-26-on-board-are-killed.html |title=U.S. Jets Over Iraq Attack Own Helicopters in Error; All 26 on Board Are Killed |last=R. Gordon |first=Michael |date=April 15, 1994 |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 18, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520123816/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/15/world/us-jets-over-iraq-attack-own-helicopters-in-error-all-26-on-board-are-killed.html |archive-date=May 20, 2013 |url-status=live }}

In 1998 and 1999 AMRAAMs were again fired by USAF F-15 fighters at Iraqi aircraft violating the No-Fly-Zone, but this time they failed to hit their targets. During spring 1999, AMRAAMs saw their main combat action during Operation Allied Force, the Kosovo bombing campaign. Six Serbian MiG-29s were shot down by NATO (four USAF F-15Cs, one USAF F-16C, and one Dutch F-16A MLU), all of them using AIM-120 missiles (the supposed kill by the F-16C may have actually been friendly fire, a man-portable SA-7 fired by Serbian infantry).{{cite web |author=Air Power Australia |url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-BVR-AAM.html |title=Air Power Australia: Technical Report APA-TR-2008-0301 |pages=1 |publisher=Ausairpower.net |access-date=April 12, 2012 |date=2008-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430182655/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-BVR-AAM.html |archive-date=April 30, 2012 |url-status=live }}

On 18 June 2017, a US Boeing F/A-18E Super Hornet engaged and shot down a Sukhoi Su-22 of the Syrian Air Force over northern Syria,[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-40322666 "US coalition downs first Syria government jet."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930211844/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-40322666|date=September 30, 2018}} Retrieved 19 June 2017. using an AIM-120. An AIM-9X Sidewinder had failed to bring down the Syrian jet. Some sources have claimed the AIM-9X was decoyed by flares,{{cite web |url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/news/a27094/su-22-dodge-aim-9x-sidewinder/ |title=How Did a 30-Year-Old Jet Dodge the Pentagon's Latest Missile? |last=Mizokami |first=Kyle |date=June 27, 2017 |website=Popular Mechanics |access-date=December 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207192704/http://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/news/a27094/su-22-dodge-aim-9x-sidewinder/ |archive-date=December 7, 2017 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Browne |first=Ryan |date=June 22, 2017 |title=New details on US shoot down of Syrian jet |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/21/politics/us-syria-russia-dogfight/index.html |work=CNN |access-date=December 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204191838/http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/21/politics/us-syria-russia-dogfight/index.html |archive-date=December 4, 2017 |url-status=live }}[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2017/06/18/a-u-s-aircraft-has-shot-down-a-syrian-government-jet-over-northern-syria-pentagon-says/ "A U.S. aircraft has shot down a Syrian government jet over northern Syria, Pentagon says"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620153944/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2017/06/18/a-u-s-aircraft-has-shot-down-a-syrian-government-jet-over-northern-syria-pentagon-says/ |date=June 20, 2017 }}. Retrieved 18 June 2017. although the F/A-18E pilot, Lieutenant Commander Michael "MOB" Tremel stated it was unclear why the AIM-9X failed, mentioning no use of flares by the Su-22, saying "I [lost] the smoke trail, and I have no idea what happened to the missile at that point".{{cite web |title=Su-22 Shoot Down 4 USN Pilots Explain ALL at TAILHOOK 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uston4gybSk |website=YouTube.com | date=September 16, 2017 |access-date=17 December 2021 |archive-date=December 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217032302/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uston4gybSk |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last=Rogoway |first=Tyler |title=Here's The Definitive Account Of The Syrian Su-22 Shoot Down From The Pilots Themselves |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/14344/heres-the-definitive-account-of-the-syrian-su-22-shoot-down-from-the-pilots-themselves |website=The War Zone {{!}} The Drive |date=September 14, 2017 |access-date=November 14, 2019 |archive-date=September 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913021038/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/14344/heres-the-definitive-account-of-the-syrian-su-22-shoot-down-from-the-pilots-themselves |url-status=live }}

On 23 March 2014 a Turkish Air Force F-16 from 182 Squadron shot down a Syrian Arab Air Force MiG-23BN with an AIM-120C-7.{{cite news |last1=Donald |first1=David |title=Turkey Shoots Down Syrian MiG |url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2014-03-25/turkey-shoots-down-syrian-mig?amp |access-date=28 February 2023 |work=AINonline |date=Mar 25, 2014}}

On 24 November 2015 a Turkish Air Force F-16 shot down a Russian Su-24M strike aircraft with an AIM-120 missile over northern Syria after it allegedly crossed into Turkish airspace.[https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/heres-reason-why-russian-aircraft-keep-dying-syria-128527 Here's the Reason why Russian Aircraft Keep Dying In Syria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301161035/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/heres-reason-why-russian-aircraft-keep-dying-syria-128527 |date=March 1, 2020 }}, 29 February 2020, The National Interest.

On 1 March 2020, Turkish Air Force F-16s downed two Su-24s belonging to the Syrian Air Force using two AIM-120C-7s.{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/syria-closes-airspace-idlib-plane-shot-200301094353040.html|title=Turkey shoots down two Syrian fighter jets over Idlib|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2020-03-01|archive-date=March 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301114157/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/syria-closes-airspace-idlib-plane-shot-200301094353040.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.savunmasanayist.com/iki-su-24u-ayni-turk-pilotu-vurdu/|title=İki Su-24'ü aynı Türk pilotu vurdu|last=ŞAHİN|first=ANIL|date=2020-03-01|website=SavunmaSanayiST|language=tr|access-date=2020-03-01|archive-date=March 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301173109/https://www.savunmasanayist.com/iki-su-24u-ayni-turk-pilotu-vurdu/|url-status=live}}{{failed verification|date=August 2022|reason=Neither source mentions the weapons used}}

On 3 March 2020, a Syrian Air Force L-39 was shot down over Idlib by Turkish Air Force F-16s from inside Turkish airspace with AIM-120C-7 at a distance of about {{cvt|45|km|mi}}. As of 2020, this has been the longest range AIM-120 kill.{{Cite web|date=2020-03-03|title=Syrian L-39 Shot Down By Turkish Air Force F-16 Over Syria|url=https://theaviationist.com/2020/03/03/syrian-l-39-shot-down-by-turkish-air-force-f-16-over-syria/|access-date=2020-12-07|website=The Aviationist|language=en-US|archive-date=March 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307212040/https://theaviationist.com/2020/03/03/syrian-l-39-shot-down-by-turkish-air-force-f-16-over-syria/|url-status=live}}{{Cite tweet |last=Bekci |first=Abdullah |author-link= |user=1savasansahin |number=1280910781761159172 |date= |title=ABD üretimi AIM-120 AMRAAM füzelerinin şuan itibariyle bilinen en uzun menzilden vuruş rekoru Türk Hava Kuvvetlerindedir. Bahar Kalkanı Harekatı sırasında F-16'mızdan ateşlenen AIM-120C7 AMRAAM füzesi yaklaşık 45 KM'den bir adet L-39 Albatros uçağını vurmuştur. |script-title= |trans-title=The Turkish Air Force holds the record for the longest range hit by the US-made AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles. During the Spring Shield Operation, the AIM-120C7 AMRAAM missile fired from our F-16 hit an L-39 Albatros aircraft from approximately 45 KM. |language=Turkish |retweet= |location= |access-date=2020-12-07 |link= |ref=}}

{{Main|2019 Jammu and Kashmir airstrikes}}

On 27 February 2019, India stated that Pakistan Air Force (PAF) used AMRAAMs during Operation Swift Retort. Indian officials displayed fragments of an alleged AIM-120C-5 missile as a proof of its usage during the engagement. Pakistan Air Force (PAF) shot down an Indian Mig 21 and claimed to have shot down an Indian Su-30MKI as well. Neutral observers have confirmed the downing of an Indian Mig-21 whose pilot was captured by the Pakistani forces and later released as a goodwill gesture.[https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/how-jf-17-became-backbone-pakistans-air-force-137332 This Is How The JF-17 Became The Backbone Of Pakistan's Air Force] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929234241/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/how-jf-17-became-backbone-pakistans-air-force-137332 |date=September 29, 2021 }}, 26 March 2020, The National Interest.{{cite web |last1=Trevithick |first1=Joseph |title=India Shows Proof U.S. Made F-16s And AIM-120 Missiles Were Used By Pakistan In Aerial Brawl |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/26689/india-shows-proof-u-s-made-f-16s-and-aim-120-missiles-were-used-by-pakistan-in-aerial-brawl |website=The Drive |access-date=21 February 2022 |date=28 February 2019 |archive-date=May 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506053838/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/26689/india-shows-proof-u-s-made-f-16s-and-aim-120-missiles-were-used-by-pakistan-in-aerial-brawl |url-status=live }}

During the Yemeni War, Saudi Arabia extensively used F-15 and Typhoon aircraft together with Patriot batteries to intercept and down Yemeni drones and missiles. In November 2021, a possible Foreign Military Sales contract was notified to the US Congress regarding the provision to Saudi Arabia for a mix of 280 AIM-120C-7 and C-8 missiles and related support equipment and service that would be used on Saudi F-15 and Typhoon aircraft.{{Cite web|url = https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/us-aim-120c-amraam-missiles-sale/|title = US approves $650m AIM-120C AMRAAM missiles sale to Saudi Arabia|date = November 5, 2021|access-date = January 18, 2022|archive-date = January 18, 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220118194513/https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/us-aim-120c-amraam-missiles-sale/|url-status = live}} The deal was required to replenish Saudi missiles stock, running low due to extensive use of AMRAAMs and Patriots against Yemeni missiles and drones.{{cite web |last1=Newdick |first1=Thomas |title=Saudis Cleared To Buy Hundreds More AMRAAM Missiles They've Been Using To Shoot Down Drones |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/43022/saudis-cleared-to-buy-hundreds-more-amraam-missiles-theyve-been-using-to-shoot-down-drones |website=The Drive |access-date=21 February 2022 |date=5 November 2021 |archive-date=January 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118083700/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/43022/saudis-cleared-to-buy-hundreds-more-amraam-missiles-theyve-been-using-to-shoot-down-drones |url-status=live }}

On 7 August 2018, a Spanish Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon accidentally launched a missile in Estonia.{{Cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/spanish-fighter-jet-accidentally-fires-missile-estonia-57091457 |title=Spanish fighter jet accidentally fires missile In Estonia |website=ABC News |access-date=August 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808100555/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/spanish-fighter-jet-accidentally-fires-missile-estonia-57091457 |archive-date=August 8, 2018 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }} There were no human casualties, but a ten-day search operation for the missile was unsuccessful.{{Cite news |url=https://elpais.com/politica/2018/09/27/actualidad/1538068366_828355.html |title=Sanción mínima para el piloto al que se le escapó un misil en Estonia |newspaper=El País |date=September 28, 2018 |access-date=October 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002214925/https://elpais.com/politica/2018/09/27/actualidad/1538068366_828355.html |archive-date=October 2, 2018 |url-status=live |last1=González |first1=Miguel }}

The kill probability (P_k) is determined by several factors, including aspect (head-on interception, side-on or tail-chase), altitude, the speed of the missile and the target, and how hard the target can turn. Typically, if the missile has sufficient energy during the terminal phase, which comes from being launched at close range to the target from an aircraft with an altitude and speed advantage, it will have a good chance of success.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} This chance drops as the missile is fired at longer ranges as it runs out of overtake speed at long ranges, and if the target can force the missile to turn it might bleed off enough speed that it can no longer chase the target. Operationally, the missile, which was designed for beyond visual range combat, has a P_k of 0.59.{{cite web |title=Coffin Corners for the Joint Strike Fighter |url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-NOTAM-070109-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322111910/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-NOTAM-070109-1.html |archive-date=March 22, 2016 |access-date=April 12, 2016 |work=ausairpower.net}} The targets included six MiG-29s, a MiG-25, a MiG-23, two Su-22s, a Galeb, and a US Army Blackhawk that was targeted by mistake.{{cite journal |author=Dr C Kopp |date=2008-03-15 |title=The Russian Philosophy of Beyond Visual Range Air Combat |url=http://ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-BVR-AAM.html |url-status=live |pages=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402114905/http://ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-BVR-AAM.html |archive-date=April 2, 2016 |access-date=April 12, 2016 |website=ausairpower.net}}

AMRAAM has an all-weather, beyond-visual-range (BVR) capability. It improves the aerial combat capabilities of US and allied aircraft to meet the threat of enemy air-to-air weapons as they existed in 1991. AMRAAM serves as a follow-on to the AIM-7 Sparrow missile series. The new missile is faster, smaller, and lighter, and has improved capabilities against low-altitude targets. It also incorporates a datalink to guide the missile to a point where its active radar turns on and makes terminal intercept of the target. An inertial reference unit and micro-computer system makes the missile less dependent upon the fire-control system of the aircraft.

Once the missile closes in on the target, its active radar guides it to intercept. This feature, known as "fire-and-forget", frees the aircrew from the need to further provide guidance, enabling the aircrew to aim and fire several missiles simultaneously at multiple targets and break a radar lock after the missile seeker goes active and guides itself to the targets.

The missile also features the ability to "Home on Jamming,"{{cite web | url = http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/aim-120.htm | title = Military Analysis Network: AIM-120 AMRAAM Slammer | date = April 14, 2000 | publisher = FAS | access-date = April 12, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110316035752/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/aim-120.htm | archive-date = March 16, 2011 | url-status = live }} giving it the ability to switch over from active radar homing to passive homing – homing on jamming signals from the target aircraft. Software on board the missile allows it to detect if it is being jammed, and guide on its target using the proper guidance system.

{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2020}}

File:F-14 carrying AMRAAM.jpg carrying an AMRAAM during a 1982 test]]

AMRAAM uses two-stage guidance when fired at long range.

The aircraft passes data to the missile just before launch, giving it information about the location of the target aircraft from the launch point, including its direction and speed. This information is generally obtained using the launching aircraft's radar, although it could come from an infrared search and track system, from another fighter aircraft via a data link, or from an AWACS aircraft. Using its built-in inertial navigation system (INS), the missile uses the information provided pre-launch to fly on an interception course toward the target.

After launch, if the firing aircraft or surrogate continues to track the target, periodic updates, e.g. changes in the target's direction and speed, are sent from the launch aircraft to the missile, allowing the missile to adjust its course, via actuation of the rear fins, so that it is able to close to a self-homing distance where it will be close enough to "catch" the target aircraft in the basket (the missile's radar field of view in which it will be able to lock onto the target aircraft, unassisted by the launch aircraft).

Not all armed services using the AMRAAM have elected to purchase the mid-course update option, which limits AMRAAM's effectiveness in some scenarios. The RAF initially opted not to use mid-course update for its Tornado F3 force, only to discover that without it, testing proved the AMRAAM was less effective in beyond visual range (BVR) engagements than the older semi-active radar homing BAE Skyflash (a development of the Sparrow), since the AIM-120's own radar is necessarily of lesser range and power as compared to that of the launch aircraft.

Once the missile closes to self-homing distance, it turns on its active radar seeker and searches for the target aircraft. If the target is in or near the expected location, the missile will find it and guide itself to the target from this point. If the missile is fired at short range, within visual range (WVR) or the near BVR, it can use its active seeker just after launch to guide it to intercept.{{cite web |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104576/aim-120-amraam/ |website=U.S. Air Force |language=en |date=April 1, 2003 |access-date=May 28, 2020 |archive-date=July 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725004845/https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104576/aim-120-amraam/ |url-status=live }}

Apart from the radar-slaved mode, there is a free guidance mode, called "Visual". This mode is host-aircraft radar guidance-free—the missile just fires and locks onto the first thing it sees. This mode can be used for defensive shots, i.e. when the enemy has numerical superiority. {{citation needed|date=January 2020}}

File:F-22 GBU39B AIM-120 m02006120800117.jpg]]

There are currently four main variants of AMRAAM, all in service with the United States Air Force, United States Navy, and the United States Marine Corps.

AIM-120A is no longer in production and shares the enlarged wings and fins with the successor, the AIM-120B.

AIM-120B deliveries began in 1994. This variant had improved electronics, including a digital processor, upgraded memory, and electronic unit hardware chassis upgrades.

AIM-120C deliveries began in 1996. The C-variant has been steadily upgraded since it was introduced.The AIM-120C has smaller "clipped" aerosurfaces to enable increased internal carriage on the USAF F-22 Raptor from four to six AMRAAMs. The AIM-120C-5 and above have an improved HOBs (High Off Bore-Sight) capability which improves its G overload and seekers field of view over the previous variants allowing the missile to be more maneuverable and be used at targets that are offset from the launching aircraft frontal view which allows for greater flexibility during air-to-air combat. The AIM-120C-6 contained an improved fuze (Target Detection Device) compared to its predecessor. The AIM-120C-7 development began in 1998 and included improvements in homing and greater range (actual amount of improvement unspecified). It was successfully tested in 2003 and is currently being produced for both domestic and foreign customers. It helped the U.S. Navy replace the F-14 Tomcats with F/A-18E/F Super Hornets – the loss of the F-14's long-range AIM-54 Phoenix missiles (already retired) is offset with a longer-range AMRAAM-D. The lighter weight of the enhanced AMRAAM enables an F/A-18E/F pilot greater bring-back weight upon carrier landings.

The FMRAAM (Future Medium Range Air to Air Missile) was a modified ramjet powered version of the AMRAAM that was conceived during the mid-1990s to fulfill British requirements for a new longer range missile on their new Eurofighter Typhoon fighter.{{cite web|url=http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Defence-Weekly-96/HUGHES-PITCHES-MISSILE-AT-FMRAAM-PROJECT.html|title=Hughes pitches missile at FMRAAM project, Europe|date=September 11, 1996|work=Jane's Defence Weekly|publisher=Jane's Information Group|access-date=2013-02-11|archive-date=2013-04-11|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411044411/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Defence-Weekly-96/HUGHES-PITCHES-MISSILE-AT-FMRAAM-PROJECT.html|url-status=dead}} The FMRAAM was to use the Aérospatiale liquid fueled RASCAL (Ramjet for Small Calibre) propulsion system. It competed with and lost to the MBDA Meteor, thus never reaching production.{{cite web |url=http://typhoon.starstreak.net/common/AA/bvraam.html |title=MBDA Meteor - BVRAAM |access-date=2013-01-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005103913/http://typhoon.starstreak.net/common/AA/bvraam.html |archive-date=2010-10-05 }}

Work on a ramjet motor for the AMRAAM continued under the Variable Flow Ducted Rocket - Flight Vehicle Concept (VFDR-FVC) program in the 2000s, with a prototype demonstrator tested by Aerojet by 2008.{{cite report |last=Hewitt |first=Patrick W. |url=https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2008-5265 |title=Status of Ramjet Programs in the United States |publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) |date=23 July 2008 |doi=10.2514/6.2008-5265}}

AIM-120D is an upgraded version of the AMRAAM with improvements in almost all areas, including 50% greater range (than the already-extended range AIM-120C-7) and better guidance over its entire flight envelope yielding an improved kill probability (P_k). Initial production began in 2006 under the Engineering and Manufacturing Development phase of program testing and ceased in September 2009.{{Cite web |title=AeroWeb {{!}} AIM-120 AMRAAM |url=http://www.fi-aeroweb.com/Defense/AMRAAM.html |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=AeroWeb |archive-date=July 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717154735/http://www.fi-aeroweb.com/Defense/AMRAAM.html |url-status=dead }} Raytheon began testing the D model on August 5, 2008, the company reported that an AIM-120D launched from an F/A-18F Super Hornet passed within lethal distance of a QF-4 target drone at the White Sands Missile Range.{{Cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/micro_stories.pl?ACCT=149999&TICK=RTN&STORY=/www/story/08-05-2008/0004861926&EDATE=Aug+5,+2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102095547/http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/micro_stories.pl?ACCT=149999&TICK=RTN&STORY=%2Fwww%2Fstory%2F08-05-2008%2F0004861926&EDATE=Aug+5%2C+2008|url-status=dead|title=Raytheon Press Release, 5 August 2008|archive-date=November 2, 2008}} The range of the AIM-120D is classified, but is thought to extend to about {{convert|100|miles|km}} or potentially up to {{convert|112|miles|km}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017|url-status=live}}

The AIM-120D (P3I Phase 4) is a development of the AIM-120C with a two-way data link, more accurate navigation using a GPS-enhanced IMU, an expanded no-escape envelope, improved HOBS (high off-boresight) capability, and a max speed of Mach 4.{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }} The AIM-120D is a joint USAF/USN project for which Follow-on Operational Test and Evaluation (FOT&E) was completed in 2014.{{Cite web |title=AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile, US |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/aim-120-amraam-us/ |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=Airforce Technology |language=en-US}} The USN was scheduled to field it from 2014, and AIM-120D will be carried by all Pacific carrier groups by 2020, although the 2013 sequestration cuts could push back this later date to 2022.{{cite web | url=http://docs.house.gov/meetings/AS/AS00/20130918/101291/HHRG-113-AS00-Wstate-GreenertUSNJ-20130918.pdf | first=Admiral Jonathan | last=Greenert | author-link=Jonathan Greenert | title=Statement Before The House Armed Services Committee on Planning For Sequestration in FY 2014 And Perspectives of the Military Services on the Strategic Choices And Management Review | date=September 18, 2013 | publisher=US House of Representatives | access-date=September 21, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923100518/http://docs.house.gov/meetings/AS/AS00/20130918/101291/HHRG-113-AS00-Wstate-GreenertUSNJ-20130918.pdf | archive-date=September 23, 2013 | url-status=live }} The Royal Australian Air Force requested 450 AIM-120D missiles, which would make it the first foreign operator of the missile. The procurement, approved by the US Government in April 2016, will cost $1.1 billion and will be integrated for use on the F/A-18F Super Hornet, EA-18G Growler and the F-35 Lightning II aircraft.{{Cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/australia-seeks-dods-newest-air-to-air-missile-the-424574/|title=Australia seeks DOD's newest air-to-air missile, the AIM-120D|last=Drew|first=James|date=25 April 2016|website=FlightGlobal|access-date=26 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426174657/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/australia-seeks-dods-newest-air-to-air-missile-the-424574/|archive-date=April 26, 2016|url-status=live}}

There were also plans for Raytheon to develop a ramjet-powered derivative of the AMRAAM, the {{anchor|FMRAAM}}Future Medium Range Air-Air Missile (FMRAAM). The FMRAAM was not produced since the target market, the British Ministry of Defence, chose the Meteor missile over the FMRAAM for a BVR missile for the Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft.

Raytheon is also working with the Missile Defense Agency to develop the Network Centric Airborne Defense Element (NCADE), an anti-ballistic missile derived from the AIM-120. This weapon will be equipped with a ramjet engine and an infrared homing seeker derived from the Sidewinder missile. In place of a proximity-fuzed warhead, the NCADE will use a kinetic energy hit-to-kill vehicle based on the one used in the Navy's RIM-161 Standard Missile 3.{{cite web |url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/ncade-an-abm-amraam-03305/ |title=Defense Industry Daily report, 20 November 2008 |publisher=Defenseindustrydaily.com |date=November 20, 2008 |access-date=April 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302084506/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/ncade-an-abm-amraam-03305/ |archive-date=March 2, 2012 |url-status=live }}

The -120A and -120B models are currently{{when|date=June 2022}} nearing the end of their service life while the -120D variant achieved initial operational capability in 2015.{{Cite web |title=Air-to-Air Missiles seeking longer ranges and improved capabilities |url=https://issuu.com/edrmag/docs/edr_64_-3_web/s/16405665 |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=issuu |language=en}} AMRAAM was due to be replaced by the USAF, the U.S. Navy, and the U.S. Marine Corps after 2020 by the Joint Dual Role Air Dominance Missile (Next Generation Missile), but it was terminated in the 2013 budget plan.{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/usaf-cancels-amraam-replacement-368249/ |title=USAF cancels AMRAAM replacement |work=Flight International |date=February 14, 2012 |access-date=April 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508220712/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/usaf-cancels-amraam-replacement-368249/ |archive-date=May 8, 2012 |url-status=live }} Exploratory work was started in 2017 on a replacement called Long-Range Engagement Weapon.

In 2017, work on the AIM-260 Joint Advanced Tactical Missile (JATM) began to create a longer-ranged replacement for the AMRAAM to contend with foreign weapons like the Chinese PL-15. Flight tests are planned to begin in 2021 and initial operational capability is slated for 2022, facilitating the end of AMRAAM production by 2026.[http://www.airforcemag.com/Features/Pages/2019/June%202019/Air-Force-Developing-AMRAAM-Replacement-to-Counter-China.aspx Air Force Developing AMRAAM Replacement to Counter China] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622194327/http://www.airforcemag.com/Features/Pages/2019/June%25202019/Air-Force-Developing-AMRAAM-Replacement-to-Counter-China.aspx |date=June 22, 2019 }}. Air Force Magazine. 20 June 2019. In July 2022, Raytheon announced the AIM-120D-3 became the longest-range variant in testing, as well as an air-launched adaptation of the NASAMS-based AMRAAM-ER called the AMRAAM-AXE (air-launched extended envelope). The development of AIM-120D-3 and AMRAAM-AXE is likely driven by the PL-15 performance.{{cite web |url=https://www.iiss.org/blogs/military-balance/2022/09/analysis-air-to-air-warfare-speed-kills |title=Air-to-air warfare: speed kills |website=International Institute for Strategic Studies |date=9 September 2022 |first=Douglas |last=Barrie |access-date=September 13, 2022 |archive-date=September 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913105103/https://www.iiss.org/blogs/military-balance/2022/09/analysis-air-to-air-warfare-speed-kills |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/missile-defense-weapons/raytheon-proposes-new-extreme-range-amraam-axe-concept |title=Raytheon Proposes New Extreme-Range Amraam-AXE Concept |work=Aviation Week |date=26 May 2022 |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012194309/https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/missile-defense-weapons/raytheon-proposes-new-extreme-range-amraam-axe-concept |url-status=live }} The AIM-120D-3 and the AIM-120C-8 variant for international customers{{Cite web |title=JUST IN: Air Force Completes First Flight Test for Latest AMRAAM Variant |url=https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2023/9/1/air-force-completes-first-flight-test-for-latest-amraam-variant |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.nationaldefensemagazine.org |language=en}} were developed under the Form, Fit, Function Refresh (F3R) program and feature 15 upgraded circuit cards in the missile guidance section and the capability to continuously upgrade future software enhancements. All AMRAAMs planned for production are either the AIM-120D-3 or the AIM-120C-8 incorporating F3R functionality as of April 2023.{{Cite press release |last=Technologies |first=Raytheon |title=Most advanced AMRAAM variant, AIM-120D-3, completes critical milestone for operational use |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/most-advanced-amraam-variant-aim-120d-3-completes-critical-milestone-for-operational-use-301800951.html |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}

{{see also|NASAMS|SLAMRAAM}}

File:Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System.jpg

File:AIM-120 AMRAAM P6230147.JPG on HMMWV]]

The Norwegian Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System (NASAMS), developed by Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace and fielded in 1994–1995, consists of a number of towed batteries (containing six AMRAAM launching canisters with integrated launching rails) along with separate radar trucks and control station vehicles.

The US Marine Corps and the US Army tested launching AMRAAM missiles from a six-rail carrier on HMMWV as part of their CLAWS (Complementary Low-Altitude Weapon System) and SLAMRAAM (Surface Launched AMRAAM) programs, which were canceled due to budgetary cuts. A more recent version is the High Mobility Launcher for the NASAMS, made in cooperation with Raytheon (Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace was already a subcontractor on the SLAMRAAM system), where the launch-vehicle is a Humvee (M1152A1 HMMWV), containing four AMRAAMs and two optional AIM-9X Sidewinder missiles.{{cite web |url=http://www.kongsberg.com/en/kog/news/2013/june/ny-kapasitet-i-nasams-luftvernsystem/ |title=New capability in the NASAMS air defence system |publisher=Kongsberg.com |date=June 21, 2013 |access-date=January 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303000603/http://www.kongsberg.com/en/kog/news/2013/june/ny-kapasitet-i-nasams-luftvernsystem/ |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |url-status=live }}

File:AMRAAM-ER.jpg

As part of the SLAMRAAM project, Raytheon offered the Extended Range upgrade to surface-launched AMRAAM, called AMRAAM-ER.{{cite web|url=http://www.army-technology.com/projects/surface-launched/|title=Surface-Launched AMRAAM (SL-AMRAAM / CLAWS) Medium-Range Air Defence System, USA|language=en|accessdate=2010-04-30|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120718173059/http://www.army-technology.com/projects/surface-launched/|archivedate=2012-07-18}} The missile is an Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile using AMRAAM head with two-stage guidance system.{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/raytheon-goes-for-grand-slam/74554.article|title=Raytheon goes for grand slam |date=2007-06-20|work=Flight Daily News |publisher=DVV Media |language=en |accessdate=2010-04-30 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620121755/https://www.flightglobal.com/raytheon-goes-for-grand-slam/74554.article |archivedate=2022-06-20}} It was first shown at the Paris Air Show 2007[https://raytheon.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=782 Raytheon Introduces Increased SL-AMRAAM Capability] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002154734/https://raytheon.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=782 |date=October 2, 2022 }}. Raytheon Company. June 19, 2007Jane's Defence Weekly, 27 June 2007, p. 10 and was test-fired in 2008.{{cite web|url=http://www.defensenews.com/osd_story.php?sh=VSDA&i=3590322|title=Raytheon Tests Extended SL-AMRAAM|first=Kris |last=Osborn|date=2008-06-19|language=en|accessdate=2010-05-05}}{{dead link|date=May 2018}}

Following the cancellation of SLAMRAAM funding in 2011, development of the NASAMS version restarted in 2014. In February 2015 Raytheon announced the AMRAAM-ER missile option for NASAMS, with expected production in 2019,[http://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/idex-2015-extended-range-air-defence-fires/ Extended range air defence fires up] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518220935/https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/idex-2015-extended-range-air-defence-fires/ |date=May 18, 2022 }} - Shephardmedia.com, 23 February 2015 and the first flight test took place in August 2016.{{cite news |url=http://www.defensenews.com/articles/raytheons-extended-range-amraam-missile-destroys-target-in-first-flight-test |title=Raytheon's Extended Range AMRAAM Missile Destroys Target in First Flight Test |last1=Judson |first1=Jen |date=4 October 2016 |website=www.defensenews.com |publisher=Sightline Media Group |access-date=4 October 2016 }}[http://www.raytheon.com/news/feature/air_and_ground.html?WT.mc_id=twitter_socialmedia_N/A&linkId=29565375 Raytheon.com]{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - Goes long, flies high - Raytheon's new extended-range, surface-to-air missile will enhance proven air defense system (2016-10-06) Engagement envelope was expanded{{quantify|date=November 2022}} with a 50 percent increase in maximum range and 70 percent increase in maximum altitude.[http://armyrecognition.com/ausa_2016_show_daily_news_tv_coverage_report/raytheon_completes_first_amraam-er_missile_flight_tests_from_nasams_air_defense_system.html Raytheon completes first AMRAAM-ER missile flight tests from NASAMS air defense system] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628131303/http://armyrecognition.com/ausa_2016_show_daily_news_tv_coverage_report/raytheon_completes_first_amraam-er_missile_flight_tests_from_nasams_air_defense_system.html |date=June 28, 2022 }} - Armyrecognition.com, 5 October 2016[http://www.army-technology.com/projects/surface-launched/ Surface-Launched AMRAAM (SL-AMRAAM / CLAWS), United States of America] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107144343/http://www.army-technology.com/projects/surface-launched/ |date=January 7, 2012 }} - Army-Technology.com{{failed verification|date=November 2022}}

In 2019 Qatar placed an order for AMRAAM-ER missiles as part of a NASAMS purchase.{{cite web |last1=ROGOWAY |first1=TYLER |title=Qatar To Get New AMRAAM-ER Surface To Air Missiles, U.S. Capital May Be Next |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/28944/qatar-to-get-amraam-er-equipped-surface-to-air-missile-system-u-s-capital-may-be-next |website=www.thedrive.com |date=July 12, 2019 |publisher=The Drive |access-date=12 July 2019 |archive-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627175528/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/28944/qatar-to-get-amraam-er-equipped-surface-to-air-missile-system-u-s-capital-may-be-next |url-status=live }}

The missile was testfired at Andøya Space Center in May 2021.{{cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/update-raytheon-readies-for-initial-flight-test-of-baseline-amraam-er-design|title=Update: Raytheon readies for initial flight test of baseline AMRAAM-ER design|website=janes.com|date=2021-01-05|access-date=2021-01-29|archive-date=October 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007214221/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/update-raytheon-readies-for-initial-flight-test-of-baseline-amraam-er-design|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.raytheonmissilesanddefense.com/news/advisories/raytheon-missiles-defense-kongsberg-complete-first-amraam-er-missile-live-fire-test|title=Raytheon Missiles & Defense, KONGSBERG complete first AMRAAM-ER missile live-fire test | Raytheon Missiles & Defense|access-date=June 1, 2022|archive-date=January 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107074233/https://www.raytheonmissilesanddefense.com/news/advisories/raytheon-missiles-defense-kongsberg-complete-first-amraam-er-missile-live-fire-test|url-status=dead}} In February 2024, Raytheon flight-tested an upgraded version of AMRAAM-ER with an improved rocket motor and control actuator system and an AIM-120C-8 guidance head.{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Colton |date=2024-02-27 |title=Raytheon completes first flight test for new AMRAAM-ER |url=https://defence-blog.com/raytheon-completes-first-flight-test-for-new-amraam-er/ |website=defence-blog.com}}

Raytheon has proposed an air-launched adaptation of the missile called AMRAAM-AXE, from "Air-launched Extended Envelope".

October 25, 2024, the United States government agreed to sell 3 NASAMS system and 123 AMRAAM-ER missiles to Taiwan.{{Cite web |url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/taipei-economic-and-cultural-representative-office-united-states-36|title=Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States – National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System|date=2024-10-25 |website= Defense Security Cooperation Agency }}

Canadair, now Bombardier, had largely helped with the development of the AIM-7 Sparrow and Sparrow II, and assisted to a lesser extent in the AIM-120 development. In 2003, the RCAF placed an order for 97 AIM-120C-5 and later C-7 missiles.{{Cite web |url=https://www.deagel.com/news/n000000069 |title=Ancile |access-date=January 3, 2023 |archive-date=December 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211181215/https://www.deagel.com/news/n000000069 |url-status=live }} These missiles have been in service on the CF-18 Hornet since 2004, and fully replaced the AIM-7 Sparrow in the 2010s. In 2020, the Canadian Government was approved by the U.S. DoD for 32 advanced AIM-120D missiles to supplement the AIM-120C stockpile.{{Cite web |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/15751/canada-may-buy-aim-120d-missiles-that-far-outrange-its-cf-18s-radars-reach |title=Canada May Buy AIM-120D Missiles That Outrange Its CF-18's Radar's Reach |date=November 3, 2017 |access-date=January 4, 2023 |archive-date=January 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104005836/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/15751/canada-may-buy-aim-120d-missiles-that-far-outrange-its-cf-18s-radars-reach |url-status=live }} The package included the 32 active AIM-120D-3 missiles, as well as 18 Captive Training Missiles, and a variety of training equipment and spare parts for $140M. Canada is one of a few countries currently authorized to purchase the longer range AIM-120D missile.

In early 1995 South Korea ordered 88 AIM-120A missiles for its KF-16 fleet. In 1997 South Korea ordered 737 additional AIM-120B missiles.{{cite web|url=http://newslibrary.naver.com/viewer/index.nhn?articleId=1995081400329102011&editNo=40&printCount=1&publishDate=1995-08-14&officeId=00032&pageNo=2&printNo=15510&publishType=00010|title=네이버 뉴스 라이브러리|work=naver.com|access-date=April 12, 2016|archive-date=January 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122181443/https://newslibrary.naver.com/viewer/index.naver?articleId=1995081400329102011&editNo=40&printCount=1&publishDate=1995-08-14&officeId=00032&pageNo=2&printNo=15510&publishType=00010|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/equipment/Air-to-Air-Missiles/AIM-120-AMRAAM.htm|title=AIM-120 AMRAAM Report Between 1995 and 2014|work=deagel.com|access-date=April 12, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406064649/http://www.deagel.com/equipment/Air-to-Air-Missiles/AIM-120-AMRAAM.htm|archive-date=April 6, 2016|df=mdy-all}}

In 2006 Poland received AIM-120C-5 missiles to arm its new F-16C/D Block 52+ fighters.{{cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/equipment/Air-to-Air-Missiles-AIM-120-AMRAAM-a001164.aspx |title=Air-to-Air Missiles >> AIM-120 AMRAAM |website=www.deagel.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918175628/http://www.deagel.com/equipment/Air-to-Air-Missiles-AIM-120-AMRAAM-a001164.aspx |archive-date=September 18, 2011 }} In 2017 Poland ordered AIM-120C-7 missiles.Umowa na pociski AIM-120 i potencjalne wsparcie dla Jastrzębi. "Nowa Technika Wojskowa" nr. 1/2018, p. 6 (in Polish) ISSN 1230-1655

In early 2006, the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) ordered 500 AIM-120C-5 AMRAAM missiles as part of a $650 million F-16 ammunition deal to equip its F-16C/D Block 50/52+ and F-16A/B Block 15 MLU fighters. The PAF got the first three F-16C/D Block 50/52+ aircraft on July 3, 2010, and first batch of AMRAAMs on July 26, 2010.{{Cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/micro_stories.pl?ACCT=149999&TICK=RTN&STORY=/www/story/01-15-2007/0004505958&EDATE=Jan+15,+2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129160020/http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/micro_stories.pl?ACCT=149999&TICK=RTN&STORY=%2Fwww%2Fstory%2F01-15-2007%2F0004505958&EDATE=Jan+15%2C+2007|url-status=dead|title=Raytheon Press Release, 15 January 2007|archive-date=January 29, 2008}}

In 2007, the United States government agreed to sell 218 AIM-120C-7 missiles to Taiwan as part of a large arms sales package that also included 235 AGM-65G-2 Maverick missiles. Total value of the package, including launchers, maintenance, spare parts, support and training rounds, was estimated at US$421 million. This supplemented an earlier Taiwanese purchase of 120 AIM-120C-5 missiles a few years ago.{{failed verification|date=August 2020}}

In 2008 there were announcements of new or additional sales to Singapore, Finland, Morocco and South Korea; in December 2010 the Swiss government requested 150 AIM-120C-7 missiles.{{cite web|url=http://www.defpro.com/news/details/20859/|access-date=December 27, 2010|title=defence.professionals|publisher=defpro.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228081149/http://www.defpro.com/news/details/20859/|archive-date=December 28, 2010|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} Sales to Finland have stalled, because the manufacturer has not been able to fix a mysterious bug that causes the rocket motors of the missile to fail in cold tests.{{cite web|url=http://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/Outo+vika+pys%C3%A4ytti+ohjuskaupan/a1346553626705|title=Outo vika pysäytti ohjuskaupan|work=HS.fi|access-date=April 12, 2016|date=2012-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221215901/http://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/Outo+vika+pys%C3%A4ytti+ohjuskaupan/a1346553626705|archive-date=February 21, 2014|url-status=live}} On May 5, 2015, the State Department has made a determination approving a possible Foreign Military Sale to Royal Malaysian Air Force for AIM-120C-7 AMRAAM missiles and associated equipment, parts and logistical support for an estimated cost of $21 million.{{cite web|url=http://www.dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/malaysia-aim-120c7-amraam-missiles|title=Malaysia-AIM-120C7 AMRAAM|work=Defense Security Cooperation Agency|access-date=February 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212164227/http://www.dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/malaysia-aim-120c7-amraam-missiles|archive-date=February 12, 2017|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.airforce-technology.com/news/newsus-approves-sale-of-aim-120c7-amraam-missiles-to-malaysia-4571072|title=US approves sale of AIM-120C7 AMRAAM missiles to Malaysia|work=airforce-technology.com|access-date=February 12, 2017|date=2015-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212165230/http://www.airforce-technology.com/news/newsus-approves-sale-of-aim-120c7-amraam-missiles-to-malaysia-4571072|archive-date=February 12, 2017|url-status=live}}

In March 2016, the US government approved the sales of 36 units of AIM-120C-7 missiles to the Indonesian Air Force to equip their fleet of F-16 C/D Block 25.{{cite web | url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/indonesia-aim-120c-7-advanced-medium-range-air-air-missiles-amraams | title=Indonesia - AIM-120C-7 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAMs) | Defense Security Cooperation Agency | access-date=August 30, 2022 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027001527/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/indonesia-aim-120c-7-advanced-medium-range-air-air-missiles-amraams | url-status=live }} The AIM-120C-7 is also equipped for the upgraded F-16 A/B Block 15 OCU through Falcon Star-eMLU upgrade project.{{cite web|url=http://www.dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/indonesia-aim-120c-7-advanced-medium-range-air-air-missiles-amraams|title=Indonesia - AIM-120C-7 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAMs)|work=Defense Security Cooperation Agency|access-date=April 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230182901/http://www.dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/indonesia-aim-120c-7-advanced-medium-range-air-air-missiles-amraams|archive-date=December 30, 2017|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://thediplomat.com/2016/03/us-clears-sale-of-advanced-missiles-to-indonesia/|title=US Clears Sale of Advanced Missiles to Indonesia|author=Franz-Stefan Gady|work=The Diplomat|access-date=April 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424201737/http://thediplomat.com/2016/03/us-clears-sale-of-advanced-missiles-to-indonesia/|archive-date=April 24, 2016|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Kasau Apresiasi Program Falcon Star-eMLU Pesawat F-16 A/B Block 15|url=https://tni-au.mil.id/kasau-apresiasi-program-falcon-star-emlu-pesawat-f-16-ab/|last=Iwj|first=Pen Lanud|website=TNI Angkatan Udara|language=id-ID|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521170528/https://tni-au.mil.id/kasau-apresiasi-program-falcon-star-emlu-pesawat-f-16-ab/|archive-date=May 21, 2020|url-status=dead}}

In March 2019, the US Department of State and Defense Security Cooperation Agency formally signed off on a US$240.5 million foreign military sale to support Australia's introduction of the NASAMS and LAND 19 Phase 7B program. As part of the deal, the Australian government requested up to 108 Raytheon AIM-120C-7 AMRAAM, six AIM-120C-7 AMRAAM Air Vehicles Instrumented; and six spare AIM-120C-7 AMRAAM guidance sections.{{Cite web|url=https://www.defenceconnect.com.au/key-enablers/3723-us-approves-foreign-military-sale-for-australian-air-defence-capability|title=US approves foreign military sale for Australian Air Defence Capability|last1=Kuper|first1=Stephen|date=2019-03-14|website=www.defenceconnect.com.au|language=en|access-date=2019-09-19|archive-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419175956/https://www.defenceconnect.com.au/key-enablers/3723-us-approves-foreign-military-sale-for-australian-air-defence-capability|url-status=live}}

In December 2019, the United States Congress approved the sale of AIM-120C-7/C-8 to the Republic of Korea. According to the Federal Register document, the AIM-120C-8 is a refurbished version of AIM-120C-7, which replaced some discontinued parts with equivalent commercial parts and its capabilities are identical to AIM-120C-7.{{Cite web|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/12/16/2019-26979/arms-sales-notification|title=Republic of Korea—AIM-120C Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM)|date=2019-12-04|website=www.federalregister.gov/|language=en|access-date=2019-12-16|archive-date=April 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415044625/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/12/16/2019-26979/arms-sales-notification|url-status=live}} This was the first time the C-8 version of AMRAAM has appeared in the US arms sales contract. Later, Japan, the Netherlands, the UAE, Spain and Norway received approval to purchase AIM-120C-8s.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dsca.mil/search/node?keys=AIM-120C-8|title=AIM-120C-8 FMS status|date=2020-01-01|website=www.dsca.mil/|language=en|access-date=2020-01-01|archive-date=October 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027011008/https://www.dsca.mil/search/node?keys=AIM-120C-8|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.dsca.mil/node/1381|title=SPAIN – AIM-120C ADVANCED MEDIUM RANGE AIR-TO-AIR MISSILE (AMRAAM)|date=2020-09-02|website=www.dsca.mil/|language=en|access-date=2020-09-02|archive-date=March 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320080728/https://www.dsca.mil/node/1381|url-status=live}} In November 2021, Saudi Arabia received approval to purchase 280 AIM-120C-7/C-8s.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/saudi-arabia-aim-120c-advanced-medium-range-air-air-missiles-amraam|title=Saudi Arabia – AIM-120C Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAM)|website=www.dsca.mil|access-date=November 8, 2021|archive-date=November 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108225149/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/saudi-arabia-aim-120c-advanced-medium-range-air-air-missiles-amraam|url-status=live}}

Canada, United Kingdom, Australia and Norway have been approved to purchase the AIM-120D. Norway ordered 205 AIM-120D and 60 AIM-120D-3 in November 2022,{{Cite web|url=https://www.dsca.mil/search/node?keys=AIM-120D|title=AIM-120D FMS Status|date=2020-01-01|website=www.dsca.mil/|language=en|access-date=2020-01-01|archive-date=May 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527172221/https://www.dsca.mil/search/node?keys=AIM-120D|url-status=live}} and an unspecified number of AIM-120C-8 in October 2024.{{cite news |author=NTB |date=2024-10-28 |title=Norge kjøper nye luftvernmissiler for 4 milliarder kroner |trans-title=Norway buys air defence missiles for 4 billion NOK |url=https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge-kjoper-nye-luftvernmissiler-for-4-milliarder-kroner-1.17100850 |language=NB |work=NRK |location=Oslo |access-date=2024-10-28}}

In March 2023, the United States government agreed to sell 200 AIM-120C-8 missiles to Taiwan.{{Cite web |url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/taipei-economic-and-cultural-representative-office-united-states-f-16 |title=TAIPEI ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE IN THE UNITED STATES – F-16 MUNITIONS |website= Defense Security Cooperation Agency |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404232241/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/taipei-economic-and-cultural-representative-office-united-states-f-16 |url-status=live }}

In mid 2023 Germany has requested the purchase of more than 1,000 AIM-120 C8 missiles in addition to the MBDA Meteor which are to be used by the German Air Force.{{cite web | url=https://aerobuzz.de/militar-news/deutschland-kauft-fast-1-000-aim-120c-8-amraam/ | title=Deutschland kauft fast 1.000 AIM-120C-8 AMRAAM | date=July 20, 2023 }}

In November 2023, the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration signed a contract worth US$605 million to purchase the AIM-120C-8, replacing the older AIM-120B, which will be sold back to the US for further donation to Ukraine.{{Cite web|url=https://www.fmv.se/aktuellt--press/aktuella-handelser/fmv-tecknar-avtal-om-kop-av-jaktrobot-99-amraam/ |title=FMV tecknar avtal om köp av Jaktrobot 99 AMRAAM|date=2023-11-02|website=fmv.se|access-date=2023-11-02|language=sv}}

In January 2024, Turkish Air Force ordered 952 AIM-120C-8s included in a larger package of sales worth over US$23 Billion.{{cite news |last1=Pamuk |first1=Humeyra |title=US advances fighter jet sale to Turkey, Greece; Congress likely to approve |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/us-advances-fighter-jet-sale-turkey-greece-congress-likely-approve-2024-01-27/ |access-date=27 January 2024 |agency=Reuters |date=January 27, 2024}}

In October 2024, Argentine Air Force ordered 36 AIM-120C-8s and 2 AIM-120C-8 guidance sections included in a larger package of sales worth over US$941 million.{{Cite press release |title=Argentina – F-16 Aircraft Equipment and Support |date=October 30, 2024 |publisher=Defense Security Cooperation Agency |url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/argentina-f-16-aircraft-equipment-and-support |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208175143/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/argentina-f-16-aircraft-equipment-and-support |archive-date=2024-12-08}}

File:AIM-120 operators.png

{{clear}}

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}

;{{Flagu|Australia}}

• Royal Australian Air Force

;{{Flagu|Belgium}}

• Belgian Air Component{{cite web |last1=Trevithick |first1=Joseph |title=These Photos Of Armed NATO F-16s Patrolling Over The Baltics Are Absolutely Incredible |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/44151/these-photos-of-armed-nato-f-16s-high-over-the-baltics-are-absolutely-incredible |website=The Drive |access-date=20 February 2022 |date=4 February 2022 |archive-date=February 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219110716/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/44151/these-photos-of-armed-nato-f-16s-high-over-the-baltics-are-absolutely-incredible |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Bahrain}}

• Royal Bahraini Air Force{{cite web |title=Bahrain - Royal Bahraini Air Force - RBAF |url=https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article1.html |website=F-16.net |access-date=14 August 2022 |archive-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814190451/https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article1.html |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Canada}}{{cite journal| author=International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)| author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies| title=The Military Balance 2018| journal=The Military Balance| volume=118| date=14 February 2018| language=en}}

• Royal Canadian Air Force{{Cite web |url=https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/SIPRIYB0412ABC.pdf |title=SIPRI Yearbook 2004: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security |access-date=January 20, 2024 |archive-date=July 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728043307/https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/SIPRIYB0412ABC.pdf |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Chile}}

• Chilean Air Force{{cite web |title=Chile - Fuerza Aerea de Chile Chilean Air Force - FACh |url=https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article9.html |website=F-16.net |access-date=15 August 2022 |archive-date=August 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815091442/https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article9.html |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Czech Republic}}

• Czech Air Force{{cite web |url=http://www.radio.cz/en/news/65161#2 |title=Czech Air force has bought 24 AMRAAMs |publisher=Radio.cz |access-date=April 12, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329033806/http://www.radio.cz/en/section/news/news-2005-04-06 |archive-date=March 29, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}

;{{Flagu|Denmark}}

• Royal Danish Air Force{{cite web |title=RDAF F-16AM, #E-607, armed with AMRAAM and a GBU-12 laser guided bomb [RDAF photo] |url=https://www.f-16.net/g3/f-16-photos/album37/album20/acn |website=F-16.net |access-date=20 February 2022 |archive-date=February 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181804/https://www.f-16.net/g3/f-16-photos/album37/album20/acn |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Finland}}

• Finnish Air Force{{cite web |title=The Curious Case of the AMRAAM |url=https://corporalfrisk.com/tag/aim-120-amraam/ |website=Corporal Frisk |access-date=20 February 2022 |date=15 October 2020 |archive-date=February 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181804/https://corporalfrisk.com/tag/aim-120-amraam/ |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Germany}}

• German Air Force

;{{Flagu|Greece}}

• Hellenic Air Force{{cite web |title=ΑΙΜ-120 B, C-5, C-7 (ΑΜRΑΑΜ) |url=https://www.haf.gr/en/equipment/aim-120-c-5-c-7-amraam/ |website=Hellenic Air Force |access-date=20 February 2022 |archive-date=February 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220181803/https://www.haf.gr/en/equipment/aim-120-c-5-c-7-amraam/ |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Hungary}}

• Hungarian Air Force{{cite web |title= Hungary to order AMRAAM-ER |url= https://www.dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/hungary-advanced-medium-range-air-air-missiles-extended-range-amraam-er |website= dsca.mil |access-date= June 1, 2022 |archive-date= January 22, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230122181443/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/hungary-advanced-medium-range-air-air-missiles-extended-range-amraam |url-status= live }}{{Cite web |date=2020-11-19 |title=magyarnemzet.hu – NASAMS légvédelmi rakétarendszert kap a Magyar Honvédség |url=https://magyarnemzet.hu/belfold/2020/11/nasams-legvedelmi-raketarendszert-kap-a-magyar-honvedseg |access-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926220728/https://magyarnemzet.hu/belfold/2020/11/nasams-legvedelmi-raketarendszert-kap-a-magyar-honvedseg |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Indonesia}}

• Indonesian Air Force{{Cite web|title=Indonesia debuts upgraded F-16 in new livery scheme|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indonesia-debuts-upgraded-f-16-in-new-livery-scheme|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Janes.com|language=en|archive-date=June 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214120/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indonesia-debuts-upgraded-f-16-in-new-livery-scheme|url-status=live}}

;{{Flagu|Israel}}

• Israeli Air Force

;{{Flagu|Italy}}

• Italian Air Force
• Italian Navy

;{{Flagu|Japan}}

• Japan Air Self-Defense Force

;{{Flagu|Jordan}}

• Royal Jordanian Air Force{{harvnb|Cooper|2018|page=V}}

;{{Flagu|Kuwait}}

• Kuwait Air Force

;{{Flagu|Lithuania}}

• Lithuanian Air Force{{cite web|title=Lithuania Receives NASAMS Air Defense System|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/lithuania-receives-nasams-air-defense-system/|date=23 June 2020|website=CSIS Missile Defense Project|access-date=July 14, 2022|archive-date=July 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714125900/https://missilethreat.csis.org/lithuania-receives-nasams-air-defense-system/|url-status=live}}

;{{Flagu|Malaysia}}

• Royal Malaysian Air Force{{Cite web |title=Malaysia –AIM-120C7 AMRAAM Missiles {{!}} Defense Security Cooperation Agency |url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/malaysia-aim-120c7-amraam-missiles |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=www.dsca.mil |archive-date=August 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830210218/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/malaysia-aim-120c7-amraam-missiles |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Morocco}}

• Royal Moroccan Air Force{{harvnb|Cooper|2018|page=IV}}

;{{Flagu|Netherlands}}

• Royal Netherlands Air Force{{cite web |title=The Netherlands - Koninklijke Luchtmacht Royal Netherlands Air Force - RNlAF |url=https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article8.html |website=F-16.net |access-date=15 August 2022 |archive-date=August 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810114001/https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article8.html |url-status=live }}
• Royal Netherlands Army

;{{Flagu|Norway}}

• Royal Norwegian Air Force{{cite web |title=Norwegian F-16A #672, with a full load of air-to-air missiles (4x Amraam and 2x Sidewinder). Note the ID spotlight just below and in front of the cockpit. [USAF photo] Comments |url=https://www.f-16.net/g3/f-16-photos/album37/album09/aai |website=F-16.net |access-date=21 February 2022 |archive-date=February 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221083858/https://www.f-16.net/g3/f-16-photos/album37/album09/aai |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Oman}}

• Royal Air Force of Oman{{cite web |title=Oman - Al Quwwat al Jawwiya al Sultanat Oman Royal Air Force of Oman - RAFO |url=https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article13.html |website=F-16.net |access-date=15 August 2022 |archive-date=June 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630165257/https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article13.html |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Pakistan}}

• Pakistani Air Force

;{{Flagu|Poland}}

• Polish Air Force{{Cite web |title=Polska kupuje nową partię pocisków AIM-120C-8|url=https://zbiam.pl/polska-kupuje-nowa-partie-pociskow-aim-120c-8/|access-date=2024-08-09|date=9 August 2024 |language=pl}}

;{{Flagu|Portugal}}

• Portuguese Air Force{{cite web |title=Portugal - Força Aérea Portuguesa Portuguese Air Force - PoAF |url=https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article16.html |website=F-16.net |access-date=15 August 2022 |archive-date=November 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107194735/https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article16.html |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Qatar}}

• Qatar Air Force{{cite web |url=https://defpost.com/raytheon-receives-19m-contract-modification-for-amraam-missile-production-program/ |title=Raytheon Receives $19M Contract Modification for AMRAAM Missile Production Program |publisher=Defpost.com |access-date=April 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418060707/https://defpost.com/raytheon-receives-19m-contract-modification-for-amraam-missile-production-program/ |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Romania}}

• Romanian Air Force

;{{Flagu|Saudi Arabia}}

• Royal Saudi Air Force

;{{Flagu|Singapore}}

• Republic of Singapore Air Force{{cite web |title=Singapore - Republic of Singapore Air Force - RSAF |url=https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article17.html |website=F-16.net |access-date=15 August 2022 |archive-date=May 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522234159/https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article17.html |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|South Korea}}

• Republic of Korea Air Force{{cite web |title=South Korea - Han-guk Kong Goon Republic of Korea Air Force - RoKAF |url=https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article18.html |website=F-16.net |access-date=15 August 2022 |archive-date=June 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601184424/https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article18.html |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Switzerland}}

• Swiss Air Force

;{{Flagu|Spain}}

• Spanish Air Force
• Spanish Army
• Spanish Navy

;{{Flagu|Sweden}}

• Swedish Air Force{{cite web |title=Jaktrobot 99 |url=https://www.forsvarsmakten.se/sv/information-och-fakta/materiel-och-teknik/vapen/jaktrobot-99/ |website=Försvarsmakten |publisher=Försvarsmakten |access-date=30 May 2023 |language=sv}}

;{{flagu|Taiwan}}

• Republic of China Air Force{{cite web |title=Republic of China / Taiwan - Chung-kuo Kung Chun Republic of China Air Force - RoCAF |url=https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article19.html |website=F-16.net |access-date=15 August 2022 |archive-date=July 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722045015/https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article19.html |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Thailand}}

• Royal Thai Air Force{{cite web |title=Thailand - KongTup Arkard Thai Royal Thai Air Force - RTAF |url=https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article20.html |website=F-16.net |access-date=15 August 2022 |archive-date=July 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704054839/https://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article20.html |url-status=live }}

;{{Flagu|Turkey}}

• Turkish Air Force

;{{Flagu|Ukraine}}

• Ukrainian Air Force{{cite web |title=U.S. announces $820 million in Ukraine military aid, including missile systems |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/u-s-announces-820-million-in-ukraine-military-aid-including-missile-systems |website=PBS NewsHour |date=July 2022 |access-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-date=September 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911164906/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/u-s-announces-820-million-in-ukraine-military-aid-including-missile-systems |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Ukraine claims gains near Kherson as UK sends anti-aircraft missiles |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/12/ukraine-gains-kherson-air-defences-iris-t-germany |website=The Guardian |date=13 October 2022 |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012232252/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/12/ukraine-gains-kherson-air-defences-iris-t-germany |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Losey |first=Stephen |date=2023-06-21 |title=Ukraine to get AMRAAM weapons under $1 billion deal with RTX |url=https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2023/06/21/ukraine-to-get-amraam-weapons-under-1-billion-deal-with-rtx/ |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=Defense News |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=How Many AIM-120 AMRAAM Missile Ukraine is Getting in the $192 Million Tranche {{!}} Defense Express |url=https://en.defence-ua.com/news/how_many_aim_120_amraam_missile_ukraine_is_getting_in_the_192_million_tranche-7808.html |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=en.defence-ua.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Gordon |first=Chris |date=2023-09-03 |title=As Ukraine Prepares to Get F-16s, US Provides AMRAAM Missiles |url=https://www.airandspaceforces.com/us-ukraine-air-amraam-guided-missiles/ |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=Air & Space Forces Magazine |language=en-US}}

;{{Flagu|United Arab Emirates}}

• United Arab Emirates Air Force{{harvnb|Cooper|2018|page=42}}

;{{Flagu|United Kingdom}}

• Royal Air Force
• Fleet Air Arm

;{{Flagu|United States}}

• United States Air Force
• United States Navy{{cite web |title=AIM-120 ADVANCED MEDIUM-RANGE, AIR-TO-AIR MISSILE (AMRAAM) |url=https://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=2200&tid=100&ct=2 |website=The U.S. Navy |publisher=U.S. Navy |access-date=28 May 2020 |archive-date=July 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725004740/https://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=2200&tid=100&ct=2 |url-status=dead }}
• United States Marine Corps

{{Div col end}}

;{{Flag|Slovak Republic}}

• Slovak Air Force{{Cite web |last=Aktuality.sk |date=2020-05-22 |title=Bol to najväčší nákup v dejinách armády. Obrana zverejnila utajované zmluvy na F-16 |url=https://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/792338/bol-to-najvacsi-nakup-v-dejinach-armady-obrana-zverejnila-utajovane-zmluvy-na-f-16/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Aktuality.sk |language=sk}}

;{{Flagu|Bulgaria}}{{Cite web|title=Bulgaria selects AMRAAM missile to bolster its air-to-air defense capabilities {{!}} Raytheon Missiles & Defense|url=https://www.raytheonmissilesanddefense.com/news/advisories/bulgaria-selects-amraam-missile-bolster-its-air-air-defense-capabilities|access-date=2020-09-16|website=www.raytheonmissilesanddefense.com|archive-date=September 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929182832/https://www.raytheonmissilesanddefense.com/news/advisories/bulgaria-selects-amraam-missile-bolster-its-air-air-defense-capabilities|url-status=dead}}

• Bulgarian Air Force

;{{Flag|Argentina}}

• Argentine Air Force{{cite web |title=ARGENTINA – F-16 AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT AND SUPPORT |url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/argentina-f-16-aircraft-equipment-and-support/ |access-date=31 October 2024}}

• List of missiles

• {{lwc|AAM-4}}
• {{lwc|AIM-260 JATM}}
• AIM-174B - (United States)
• {{lwc|Astra (missile)}}
• {{lwc|MICA (missile)|MICA}}
• {{lwc|Meteor (missile)|Meteor}}
• {{lwc|Peregrine (missile)|Peregrine}} (Turkey)
• {{lwc|PL-12}}
• {{lwc|PL-15}}
• {{lwc|Python (missile)#Derby|Derby}}
• {{lwc|R-27 (air-to-air missile)|R-27EA}}
• {{lwc|R-77}}
• {{lwc|Sky Sword II}}

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }}
• {{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}}
• {{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}}

{{Refend}}

{{Commons category}}

• {{Official website|https://www.raytheonmissilesanddefense.com/what-we-do/air-warfare/air-to-air-missiles/amraam-missile}}
• [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems].
• {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}}

{{Raytheon}}

{{US missiles}}

{{USAF equipment}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}}

AIM-120

AIM120

Category:Beyond-visual-range air-to-air missiles

Category:Raytheon Company products

Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1990s

Category:Fire-and-forget weapons