ALCO RS-3

{{Infobox locomotive

| name = ALCO RS-3

| powertype = Diesel-electric

| image = CNJ 1554 (6125339203).jpg

| imagesize = 300px

| caption = A former Central Railroad of New Jersey ALCO RS-3 at Steamtown National Historic Site

| builder = American Locomotive Company
Montreal Locomotive Works

| buildmodel = RS-3

| builddate = May 1950 – August 1956

| totalproduction = 1,418

| aarwheels = B-B

| gauge = {{RailGauge|ussg}};
{{RailGauge|5ft3in}} for Brazil

| trucks = AAR type B

| wheeldiameter = {{convert|40|in|0|abbr=on}}

| minimumcurve = 21°

| wheelbase = {{convert|39|ft|4|in|m|2|abbr=on}}

| length = {{convert|56|ft|6|in|m|2|abbr=on}}

| width = {{convert|10|ft|1+5/8|in|2|abbr=on}}

| height = {{convert|14|ft|5+1/8|in|2|abbr=on}}

| locoweight = {{convert|247,100|lb|abbr=on}}

| primemover = ALCO 244

| enginetype = V12 Four stroke diesel

| aspiration = Turbocharger

| displacement =

| generator = GE GT-581

| tractionmotors = (4) GE 752

| cylindercount = 12

| cylindersize = {{convert|9|×|10+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}

| poweroutput = {{convert|1,600|hp|MW|abbr=on|lk=in}}

| tractiveeffort = {{convert|61,775|lb|abbr=on}}

| maxspeed = {{convert|65-85|mph|kph|0|abbr=on}}

| locale = North America; Spain (purchased from US railroads); Brazil (MLW);

}}

The ALCO RS-3 is a {{convert|1,600|hp|MW|abbr=on}}, B-B diesel-electric locomotive manufactured from May 1950 to August 1956 by American Locomotive Company (ALCO) and its subsidiary Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW). A total of 1,418 were produced: 1,272 for American railroads, 98 for Canadian railroads, 48 for Brazilian railroads, and seven for Mexican railroads.

The RS-3 greatly resembled the RS-1 and RS-2,{{cite book |author=Pinkepank, Jerry A. |title=The Second Diesel Spotter's Guide |publisher=Kalmbach Publishing Co., Milwaukee, WI |year=1973 |isbn=0-89024-026-4 |pages=243–244}}{{cite book |last1=Foster |first1=Gerald L. |title=A field guide to trains of North America |date=1996 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |isbn=0-395-70112-0 |location=Boston |page=20}} but it had 100 more horsepower thanks to its 12-cylinder, 1,600 hp ALCO Model 244 engine. It also had some changes to the fuel system and body shape.{{Cite book |last=Schafer |first=Mike |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38738930 |title=Vintage diesel locomotives |date=1998 |publisher=Motorbooks International |isbn=0-7603-0507-2 |location=Osceola, WI |pages=52 |oclc=38738930}}

Much like the RS-1, many RS-3s served for decades; some are still in use as of 2022.

Variants

RSC-3: an RS-3 that used 3-axle trucks instead of 2-axle trucks. The middle axle on each truck was unpowered. This variant was designed for service on light track, as the extra axles better spread the weight of the locomotive.

RS-3m: an RS-3s whose engines was replaced with the more reliable EMD 567B engine.

Competition

ALCO built the RS-3 to compete with EMD, Fairbanks-Morse, and Baldwin Locomotive Works—and in particular with EMD's GP7, introduced in 1949.

The arrival of the 1,500-hp GP7 led ALCO, Fairbanks-Morse, and Baldwin to increased the power of an existing locomotive line from {{convert|1500|to|1600|hp|MW|abbr=on}} and add more improvements to create new locomotive lines. In 1950, Fairbanks-Morse introduced the {{convert|1,600|hp|MW|abbr=on|lk=in}} H-16-44, while Baldwin introduced the {{convert|1,600|hp|MW|abbr=on}} Baldwin AS-16. ALCO's {{convert|1,500|hp|MW|abbr=on}} line was the RS-2, although 31 were built in 1950 with {{convert|1,600|hp|MW|abbr=on}}. Fairbanks-Morse's {{convert|1,500|hp|MW|abbr=on}} line was the H-15-44. Baldwin's {{convert|1,500|hp|MW|abbr=on}} line was the Baldwin DRS-4-4-1500. EMD kept its GP7 at {{convert|1,500|hp|MW|abbr=on}} until 1954, when it introduced the GP9, rated at {{convert|1,750|hp|MW|abbr=on}}.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}

In the end, EMD won the road switcher production race. EMD produced 2,729 GP7s. ALCO produced 377 RS-2s, and 1,418 RS-3s. Fairbanks-Morse produced 30 H-15-44s, and 296 H-16-44s. Baldwin produced 32 DRS-4-4-15s, and 127 AS-16s.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}

Exports

=Brazil=

In 1952, the Brazilian railway the Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil purchased forty six new RS-3s from the Montreal Locomotive Works. Some are still active as work train engines for CPTM, Supervia, and CBTU – BH respectively São Paulo's, Rio de Janeiro's and Belo Horizonte's commuter railways. In Brazil these units were nicknamed Canadians or Hot Tails.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}

=Spain=

In 1964, the Spanish railway the Ferrocarril de Langreo purchased four RS-3s from the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis. A fifth unit, number 1604, was purchased in 1971 from the Burlington Northern Railroad (BN), a piece of surplus Great Northern Railway stock from the 1970 merger that formed BN. The locomotives served until 1984, when the line was converted to {{RailGauge|1000mm|allk=on}}.{{cite web| url=http://alcoworld.railfan.net/langreo.htm| title=Ferrocarril de Langreo en Asturias| work=AlcoWorld| date=2000-05-14| access-date=2007-09-13}}

References

= Bibliography =

{{Dorin-North Western|page=140}}
{{cite book|author =Solomon, Brian|year=2000|title=The American diesel locomotive|publisher=MCI Publishing Company|isbn=0-7603-0666-4}}
{{cite book|author1=Coelho, Eduardo J. J. |author2=Setti, João B.|year=1993|title=A era diesel na EFCB|publisher=Associação dos Engenheiros Ferroviários}}

RS-3

Category:B-B locomotives

RS-3

Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1950

Category:Passenger locomotives

Category:Freight locomotives

Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of the United States

Category:Diesel–electric locomotives of Brazil

Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Spain

Category:Broad gauge locomotives in Brazil

Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Canada

Category:Diesel–electric locomotives of Canada