EMD GP9

{{Infobox locomotive

| name = EMD GP9

| powertype = Diesel-electric

| image = Smoky Hill Railway & Historical Society 102 (GP9) (cropped).jpg

| caption = A Belton, Grandview and Kansas City Railroad EMD GP9 in Belton, Missouri, in 2016

| builder = General Motors Electro-Motive Division (EMD)
General Motors Diesel (GMD)

| buildmodel = GP9

| builddate = 1954 – 1963

| totalproduction = 4,092 (and 165 B units)

| aarwheels = B-B

| uicclass = Bo'Bo'

| gauge = {{track gauge|ussg|allk=on}}
{{track gauge|5ft3in|lk=on}} (Brazil)

| trucks = EMD Blomberg B (Flexicoil on some CN units)

| wheeldiameter = {{convert|40|in|m|3|abbr=on}}

| minimumcurve = 21° ({{convert|273|ft|m|2|abbr=on}} radius)

| wheelbase = {{convert|40|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}

| length = {{convert|56|ft|2|in|m|2|abbr=on}}

| width = {{convert|10|ft|3+1/2|in|m|2|abbr=on}}

| height = {{convert|15|ft|1/2|in|m|2|abbr=on}}

| locoweight = {{convert|259500|lb|abbr=on}}

| fuelcap = {{convert|1100|usgal|abbr=on}}

| primemover = EMD 16-567C

| rpmrange = 835 max

| enginetype = V16 Two-stroke diesel

| aspiration = Roots blower

| displacement = {{convert|9072|cuin|L|abbr=on}}

| generator = EMD D-12-B

| tractionmotors = (4) EMD D-37-B

| headendpower =

| cylindercount = 16

| cylindersize = {{convert|8+1/2|x|10|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}

| poweroutput = {{convert|1750|hp|MW|2|abbr=on|lk=in}}

| maxspeed = {{convert|65|mph|abbr=on}}

| tractiveeffort = {{convert|64750|lbf|kN|abbr=on}}

| locale = North America, South America

}}

The EMD GP9 is a four-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors' Electro-Motive Division between 1954 and 1963. The GP9 succeeded the GP7 as the second model of EMD's General Purpose (GP) line,{{Cite book|last=Schafer, Mike.|title=Classic American railroads|date=1996-11-08|isbn=0760302391|location=Osceola, WI|pages=103|oclc=35033722}} incorporating a new sixteen-cylinder engine which generated {{convert|1750|hp|MW|2|lk=in}}.{{Cite book|title=A field guide to trains of North America|last=Foster, Gerald L.|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|year=1996|isbn=0395701120|location=Boston|pages=28|chapter=EMD GP9|oclc=33242919|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvSHlCxuyH0C&pg=PA28}} This locomotive type was offered both with and without control cabs; locomotives built without control cabs were called GP9B locomotives. The GP9 was succeeded by the similar but slightly more powerful GP18.

Design and production

EMD designed the GP9 as an improved version of the GP7, with an increase in power from 1,500 hp to 1,750 hp, and a change in prime mover to the latest version of the 567 engine, the 567C.{{Cite book|last=Schafer|first=Mike|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38738930|title=Vintage diesel locomotives|date=1998|publisher=Motorbooks International|isbn=0-7603-0507-2|location=Osceola, WI|pages=37|oclc=38738930}} Externally, the GP9 strongly resembled its predecessor. Most were built with high short hoods, but the Southern Pacific ordered a number with low short hoods for improved crew visibility.

EMD built GP9s at its LaGrange, Illinois facility until 1959, when American production was ended in favor of the GP18. GMD production in Canada continued until August 1963, when the final GP9 was produced.{{sfnp|Marre|1995|p=46}}

Original owners

EMD produced 4,257 GP9 locomotives, including 165 B units. 646 of the locomotives, intended for Canadian railroads, were built by General Motors Diesel, EMD's Canadian subsidiary.{{sfnp|Marre|1995|p=46}} Approximately 75 railroads purchased GP9s. Major customers included the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (363),{{sfnp|Wilson|2017|p=182}} Illinois Central Railroad (348),{{sfnp|Wilson|2017|p=226}} Union Pacific Railroad (345, including 125 B units),{{sfnp|Wilson|2017|p=289}} Canadian National Railway (339),{{sfnp|Wilson|2017|pp=171–172}} Pennsylvania Railroad (310, including 40 B units),{{sfnp|Wilson|2017|p=263}} Norfolk and Western Railway (306), Southern Pacific Railroad (253),{{sfnp|Wilson|2017|p=283}} and Canadian Pacific Railway (200).{{sfnp|Wilson|2017|p=176}}

Rebuilds

File:Railroad-Saint-Paul-2006-11-04.jpg.]]

There were 40 GP9M units built that are included in the 3,441 units built for United States railroads. A GP9M was built with parts from another older EMD locomotive, either an F unit or a damaged GP7. The use of parts from these older locomotives caused the GP9Ms to have a lower power rating than a GP9. This would be either {{convert|1350|hp|MW|2}} if the donor locomotive was an FT/F2 or {{convert|1500|hp|MW|2}} from F3/F7/GP7 locomotives.

Many rebuilt GP9s remain in service today with shortline railroads and industrial operators. Some remain in rebuilt form on some major Class I railroads, as switcher locomotives although most Class 1 railroads stopped using these locomotives by the 1980s. Canadian National still had 29{{cite book|date=2022|title=Canadian Trackside Guide 2022|location=Ottawa|publisher=The Bytown Railway Society|pages=1–39}} GP9RM locomotives in operation, as of 2022. Canadian Pacific had many GP9u locomotives in operation; however, they were all retired in 2015.

= EMD GP15C =

Several GP9s were rebuilt with a {{convert|1500|hp|MW|2}} CAT 3512 and re-classified as GP15C.

= EMD GP10 =

The Illinois Central Railroad rebuilt some of its GP9s with their front (short) hood reduced in height for improved crew visibility. The IC designated these rebuilt locomotives GP10.{{sfnp|Solomon|2012|p=135}}

= EMD GP20C-ECO =

File:Canadian Pacific Railway 2303.jpgEMD has rebuilt and continues to rebuild GP9s into what it calls the GP20C-ECO, which is repowered with an EMD 8-710-G3A engine in place of the original 567 prime mover.{{Cite web|title=Repowered Locomotives|url=https://www.progressrail.com/en/Segments/RollingStock/Locomotives/RepoweredLocomotives.html|access-date=2021-08-10|website=Progress Rail|language=en}}

= SP GP9E and GP9R =

Between April 1970 and March 1979, the St. Louis Southwestern Railway (also known as the "Cotton Belt Route") and the Southern Pacific Transportation Company had rebuilt the majority of their EMD GP9 locomotives into SP GP9E and GP9R locomotives.

Preservation

At least 23 GP9 locomotives have been preserved at various railroad museums, as "park engines", and as excursion engines according to The Diesel Shop:

B&O 6607, originally numbered 3414, is at the B&O Railroad Museum, Baltimore, Maryland, in operating condition.{{Cite web |title=B&O No.6607 |url=http://www.borail.org/6607.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904123105/http://www.borail.org/6607.aspx |archive-date=2019-09-04 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=B&O Railroad Museum}}
Southern Pacific 3194, a GP9R rebuild built as Texas and New Orleans 281, is at the Golden Gate RR Museum, California. It is in operating condition.{{Cite web|title=GGRM: Collection|url=https://www.ggrm.org/collection/SP3194|access-date=2021-08-10|website=www.ggrm.org}}
Northern Pacific 245 preserved at the Lake Superior Railroad Museum in Duluth, currently painted as North Shore Scenic Railroad 245.{{Cite web|title=Diesel Locomotives|url=https://lsrm.org/project/diesel-locomotives/|access-date=2022-09-27|website=Lake Superior Railroad Museum}}
Norfolk & Western 514 was donated to the Roanoke Chapter of the National Railroad Historical Society in August 2024. This locomotive is one of two surviving unrebuilt former N&W GP9s. {{cite web |url=https://railfan.com/norfolk-western-gp9-saved-for-preservation/ |title=Norfolk & Western GP9 Saved for Preservation }}

Gallery

File:CNR Yellowhead.jpg|CN GP9 leads a train up Yellowhead Pass.

File:EMD GP9.jpg|An MBTA GP9 locomotive making a non-revenue move into South Station in Boston, Massachusetts. This locomotive was retired by the MBTA in 2004 and is now on static display at the Illinois Railway Museum as of September 2014.

File:GP9.jpg|A modified EMD GP9 of the Seminole Gulf Railway, Fort Myers, Florida.

File:GTW Loco No.4619.jpg|This GTW rebuilt GP9 4619 is heading south on the Kalamazoo spur in Kalamazoo, MI.

File:BNSF 1685.JPG|Former BNSF 1685 high hood GP9 sitting in the Prairie Dog Central Yard. This was the last GP9 on the BNSF roster.

File:NSSR245.jpg|Former Northern Pacific 245, operational on the North Shore Scenic Railroad in Duluth, Minnesota.

File:DGVR40 Staunton WJGrimes.JPG|An EMD GP9 equipped with dynamic brakes on the Shenandoah Valley Railroad in Staunton, Virginia

Notes

References

{{cite book|last=Marre|first=Louis|title=Diesel locomotives : the first 50 years : a guide to diesels built before 1972 | url=https://archive.org/details/diesellocomotive0000marr | isbn=978-0-89024-258-2 | date=1995 | publisher=Kalmbach Publishing | location=Waukesha, Wisconsin}}
{{Solomon-North American Locomotives}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFSolomon2012}}
{{Wilson-Guide}}