Aaron Burr#Duel with Alexander Hamilton

File:Jonathan Edwards.jpg, a Congregationalist theologian]]

{{Aaron Burr series}}

Aaron Burr Jr. was born on February 6, 1756,{{cite web|title=Aaron Burr {{!}} Biography & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aaron-Burr|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=May 20, 2020}} in Newark, in what was then the Province of New Jersey, one of the Thirteen Colonies of colonial era British America. He was the second child of the Reverend Aaron Burr Sr., a Presbyterian minister and second president of the College of New Jersey, which later became Princeton University. His mother, Esther Edwards Burr, was the daughter of Jonathan Edwards, a theologian, and his wife Sarah Edwards.{{cite web|title=The National Herald|url=https://www.thenationalherald.com/|website=The National Herald|language=en|access-date=May 20, 2020}} He had one older sister, Sarah, who was also known as Sally.{{cite web|last1=Bowles|first1=Suzanne Geissler|title=Tapping Reeve and Mumbet: Abolishing Slavery in Massachusetts|url=https://slavery.princeton.edu/stories/tapping-reeve}}

In 1757, Burr's father died while serving as president of College of New Jersey, which later became Princeton University. His grandfather, Jonathan Edwards, succeeded his father as the college's president, and lived with Burr and his mother in December 1757. Edwards died in March 1758, and Burr's mother and grandmother died the same year, leaving Burr and his sister orphaned when he was two years old. Young Burr and his sister were then placed with the William Shippen family in the Philadelphia, capital of British America.{{cite book |last=St. George |first=Judith |date=2016 |title=The Duel: The Parallel Lives of Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cmACDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 |location=New York|publisher=Penguin Random House |page=8 |isbn=978-0-4252-8821-4 |via=Google Books}} The following year, in 1759, the children's guardianship was assumed by their 21-year-old maternal uncle, Timothy Edwards. The following year, Edwards married Rhoda Ogden, and moved the family to Elizabeth, New Jersey, where Burr attended the Elizabethtown Academy.{{Cite web |title=Hamiltonian Scholar Shares Insights at Snyder Academy |url=https://www.tapinto.net/towns/elizabeth/sections/education/articles/hamiltonian-scholar-shares-insights-at-snyder-aca |access-date=March 24, 2025 |website=TAPinto |language=en}} Burr had a very strained relationship with his uncle, who was often physically abusive. As a child, he made several attempts to run away from home.{{cite web|url=http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/biographies/aaron-burr-jr/|title=Aaron Burr Jr. (1756–1836) < Biographies < American History From Revolution To Reconstruction and beyond|website=www.let.rug.nl}}

At age 13, Burr was admitted to the College of New Jersey as a sophomore, where he joined the American Whig Society and the Cliosophic Society, the college's literary and debating societies.{{cite web |title=History |website=The American Whig–Cliosophic Society |year=2016 |publisher=Princeton University |url=https://whigclio.princeton.edu/about/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406212214/http://whigclio.princeton.edu/about/history/ |archive-date=April 6, 2016 }} In 1772, at age 16, he received his Bachelor of Arts degree, but continued studying theology at Princeton for an additional year. He then undertook rigorous theological training with Joseph Bellamy, a Presbyterian, but changed his career path after two years. At age 19, he moved to Litchfield, Connecticut to study law with his brother-in-law Tapping Reeve, founder of the Litchfield Law School.{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|pp=9–16}}{{cite web |title=Aaron Burr Reeve |url=http://www.litchfieldhistoricalsociety.org/ledger/students/2117 |website=Litchfield Historical Society |access-date=May 21, 2018}} In 1775, news reached Litchfield of the clashes with British troops in the Battles of Lexington and Concord, which launched the American Revolutionary War, and Burr put his studies on hold to enlist in the Continental Army, whose commander-in-chief was George Washington.

File:The Death of General Montgomery in the Attack on Quebec December 31 1775.jpeg, a 1786 portrait by John Trumbull depicting the Battle of Quebec in 1775]]

During the American Revolutionary War, Burr took part in Colonel Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec, an arduous trek of more than {{convert|300|mi|km}} through the northern frontier of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (now Maine). Arnold was impressed by Burr's "great spirit and resolution" during the long march.{{Cite web|title=Aaron Burr|url= https://www.worldhistory.org/Aaron_Burr|date=October 10, 2024|access-date=March 2, 2025|via=World History Encyclopedia}} He sent him up the Saint Lawrence River to contact General Richard Montgomery, who had taken Montreal, and escort him to Quebec. Montgomery then promoted Burr to captain and made him an aide-de-camp. Burr distinguished himself during the Battle of Quebec on December 31, 1775, where he attempted to recover Montgomery's corpse after he had been killed.{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|pp=22–28}} However, his attempts to rescue the body of his general was short-lived, as Burr gave up due to the harsh conditions of the snow and the dead weight of Montgomery's body.{{Cite book|last1=Shelton|first1=Hal T.|title=General Richard Montgomery and the American Revolution|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/General_Richard_Montgomery_and_the_Ameri/1BwUCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|date=1994|access-date=March 21, 2025|publisher=New York University Press|ISBN=978-0-8147-8039-8|p=150}}

In the spring of 1776, Burr's stepbrother Matthias Ogden helped him to secure a position with George Washington's staff in Manhattan, but he quit on June 26 to be on the battlefield.{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|pp=33–34}} General Israel Putnam took Burr under his wing, and Burr saved an entire brigade from capture after the British landing in Manhattan by his vigilance in the retreat from Lower Manhattan to Harlem. Washington failed to commend his actions in the next day's General Orders, which was the fastest way to obtain a promotion. Burr was already a nationally known hero, but he never received a commendation. According to Ogden, he was infuriated by the incident, which may have led to the eventual estrangement between him and Washington.{{sfn|Lomask|1979|p=82}}{{sfn|Schachner|1961|p=37}} Nevertheless, Burr defended Washington's decision to evacuate New York as "a necessary consequence". It was not until the 1790s that the two men found themselves on opposite sides in politics.{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|pp=34, 36}}

Burr was briefly posted in Kingsbridge during 1776, at which time he was charged with protecting 14-year-old Margaret Moncrieffe, the daughter of Staten Island-based British Major Thomas Moncrieffe. Miss Moncrieffe was in Manhattan "behind enemy lines", and Major Moncrieffe asked Washington to ensure her safe return there. Burr fell in love with Margaret, and her attempts to remain with Burr were unsuccessful.[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/13/travel/new-york-city-american-revolution.html When New York City Was a (Literal) Battlefield] Retrieved September 20, 2020

In late 1776, Burr attempted to secure Washington's approval to retake fortifications on Staten Island, which were then held by the British, citing his deep familiarity with the area. Washington said he wanted to defer such an action until later in the conflict, and ultimately chose not to pursue it. The British learned of Burr's plans and later took extra precautions.{{Cite book|last1=Morris|first1=Ira K.|title=Morris's Memorial History of Staten Island, New York; Volume 1|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Morris_s_Memorial_History_of_Staten_Isla/SX2NzwEACAAJ?hl=en|p=217–218|ISBN=978-1-0155-9874-4}}

In July 1777, Burr was promoted to lieutenant colonel and assumed virtual leadership of Malcolm's Additional Continental Regiment.{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|pp=37–38}} There were approximately 300 men under Colonel William Malcolm's nominal command, but Malcolm was frequently called upon to perform other duties, leaving Burr in charge.{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|pp=37–38}} The regiment successfully fought off many nighttime raids into central New Jersey by Manhattan-based British troops who arrived by water. Later that year, Burr commanded a small contingent during the harsh winter encampment at Valley Forge, guarding "the Gulph", an isolated pass that controlled one approach to the camp. He imposed discipline and defeated an attempted mutiny by some of the troops.{{sfn|Parmet|Hecht|1967|p=42}}

Burr's regiment was devastated by British artillery on June 28, 1778, at the Battle of Monmouth in New Jersey, and Burr suffered heatstroke and exhaustion.{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|p=46}} Washington denied Burr's request for medical leave without pay, and instead placed Burr in temporary command of the garrison at West Point, New York, until his recovery.{{cite book |first=Charles Burr |last=Todd |title=A General History of the Burr Family |pages=70–71 |edition=4th |publisher=The Knickerbocker Press |location=New York |year=1902 |url=https://www.cga.ct.gov/hco/books/A_General_History_of_the_Burr_Family.pdf }}

In January 1779, Burr was assigned to Westchester County, New York, in command of Malcolm's Regiment, a region between the British post at Kingsbridge and that of the Americans about {{convert|15|mi|km|0}} to the north. This district was part of the more significant command of General Alexander McDougall, and there was much turbulence and plundering by lawless bands of civilians and by raiding parties of ill-disciplined soldiers from both armies.{{sfn|Burr|1837|p=159}}

Due to continuing poor health, Burr resigned from the Continental Army in March 1779.{{sfn|Parton|1861|p=120}} During his recovery, Burr carried urgent messages to Washington and various officers at the request of Generals McDougall and Arthur St. Clair.{{sfn|Burr|1837|pp=171–173}} On July 5, 1779, he rallied a group of Yale students at New Haven, Connecticut, along with Captain James Hillhouse and the Second Connecticut Governor's Guards, in a skirmish with the British at the West River.{{sfn|Parton|1861|pp=124–125}} The British advance was repulsed, forcing them to enter New Haven from nearby Hamden.{{sfn|Parton|1861|pp=124–125}}

In 1783, Burr became an Original Member of the New York Society of the Cincinnati, an organization of officers who had served in the Continental Army and Navy during the Revolution.{{Cite web|title=Once in Every Three Years: The Triennial Meetings of the Society of the Cincinnati|url=https://www.societyofthecincinnati.org/once-in-every-three-years-the-triennial-meetings-of-the-society-of-the-cincinnati|access-date=February 26, 2025}}

File:Aaron_Burr_and_His_Wife_Theodosia_Bartow.jpg, who Burr married in 1782, by Henry Benbridge]]

Burr met Theodosia Bartow Prevost in August 1778 while she was married to Jacques Marcus Prevost, a Swiss-born British officer in the Royal American Regiment.{{sfn|Williams|1973|pp=16–17}} In Prevost's absence, Burr began regularly visiting Theodosia at The Hermitage, her home in New Jersey.{{cite news |title=The House Where Aaron Burr Courted Theodosia |date=September 1, 1977 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/09/01/archives/westchester-opinion-the-house-where-aaron-burr-courted-theodosia.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517143907/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/09/01/archives/westchester-opinion-the-house-where-aaron-burr-courted-theodosia.html |archive-date=May 17, 2019 }} Theodosia would go on to visit Burr many times throughout his stay at West Point New York in June through July 1778.{{cite book |url=https://www.cga.ct.gov/hco/books/A_General_History_of_the_Burr_Family.pdf |title=A General History of the Burr Family with a Genealogical Record from 1193 to 1902 |first=Charles Burr |last=Todd |edition=Fourth |publisher=The Knickerbocker Press |location=New York |date=1902 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213221444/https://www.cga.ct.gov/hco/books/A_General_History_of_the_Burr_Family.pdf |archive-date=13 December 2024 |url-status=live}} Although she was ten years older than Burr, the constant visits provoked gossip, and by 1780 the two were openly lovers.{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|pp=69–70}} In December 1781, Burr learned that Prevost had died of yellow fever while serving in Jamaica.{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|p=70}}

Burr and Theodosia were married in 1782, and they moved to a house on Wall Street in Lower Manhattan.{{sfn|Parmet|Hecht|1967|p=57}} After several years of severe illness, Theodosia died in 1794 from stomach or uterine cancer.{{sfn|Lomask|1979|p=197}} Their only child to survive to adulthood was Theodosia Burr Alston, born in 1783.{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|p=75-6}}

File:Aaron Burr, Alexander Hamilton and Philip Schuyler strolling on Wall Street, New York 1790.jpg, and Philip Schuyler strolling Wall Street]]

In the autumn of 1780, Burr resumed his study of law with Thomas Smith of Haverstraw.{{sfn|Parton|1861|pp=124–125}} He was licensed as an attorney in Albany, New York, in January 1782, and was admitted to the bar as a counselor that April.{{sfn|Burr|1837|p=134}} He promptly opened a successful law office in Albany.{{sfn|Burr|1837|p=134}} He moved his law practice to New York City the following year, after the British evacuated the city.{{sfn|Parmet|Hecht|1967|p=57}}

Burr quickly became a key player in politics, especially in New York, largely due to the power of the Tammany Society (which became Tammany Hall). Burr converted it from a social club into a political machine to help Jefferson reach the presidency, particularly in New York City.{{sfn|Myers|1901|pp=14–16}}

Burr served in the New York State Assembly in 1784–85. In 1784, as an assemblyman, he unsuccessfully sought to abolish slavery immediately following the war,{{sfn|PBS|2000}} despite having owned slaves himself.{{cite news |last1=Weil |first1=Julie Zauzmer |last2=Blanco |first2=Adrian |last3=Dominguez |first3=Leo |title=More than 1,700 congressmen once enslaved Black people. This is who they were, and how they shaped the nation. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/interactive/2022/congress-slaveowners-names-list/ |access-date=January 30, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 20, 2022}}{{cite web|url=https://slavery.princeton.edu/stories/john-pierre-burr|title=Aaron Burr Jr. and John Pierre Burr: A Founding Father and his Abolitionist Son|first=Sherri|last=Burr|website=slavery.princeton.edu}} He also continued his military service as a lieutenant colonel and commander of a regiment in the militia brigade commanded by William Malcolm.{{sfn|Documents of the Senate of the State of New York|1902|p=108}} He became seriously involved in politics in 1789, when Governor George Clinton appointed him as New York State Attorney General. He was also Commissioner of Revolutionary War Claims.{{Cite web|title=Burr, Aaron|url= https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=b001133|access-date=March 13, 2025|via=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}

In 1791, Burr was elected by the legislature as a United States Senator from New York, defeating incumbent General Philip Schuyler.{{Cite web|title=Indicted Vice President Bids Senate Farewell|url= https://www.senate.gov/about/officers-staff/vice-president/indicted-vice-president-bids-senate-farewell.htm|access-date=March 13, 2025|via=United States Senate}} During his time in the Senate, Burr made several federalist enemies due to his beliefs. One of the main things he was against was Hamilton's system in terms of finance. Due to him not approving of many federalist policies, Burr became a Democratic-Republican while in the Senate.{{Cite web|title=Aaron Burr (1801-1805)|url=https://millercenter.org/president/jefferson/essays/burr-1801-vicepresident|access-date=March 17, 2025|via=Miller Center}} In 1795, while many were debating on the Jay Treaty, Burr gave a speech on the matter, further showing how he was becoming a part of the Democratic-Republican party.{{Cite web|title=Aaron Burr|url=https://www.monticello.org/research-education/thomas-jefferson-encyclopedia/aaron-burr|access-date=March 19, 2025|via=Monticello.org}} In Burr's last year of being a senator, he opposed Washington's foreigner policy in Washington's Farewell Address. Rather than trying to be reelected, Burr resigned from the Senate in 1797, after only one term.

Burr ran in the 1796 presidential election and received 30 electoral votes, coming in fourth behind John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Pinckney.Members of the electoral college in the 18th century cast two ballots but did not specify an office. The first-place finisher overall became president and the runner-up vice president. They did not run on a "ticket" and were often opponents. He was shocked by this defeat, but many Democratic-Republican electors voted for Jefferson and a candidate other than Burr.{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|p=153}}

President John Adams appointed Washington as commanding general of U.S. forces in 1798, but he rejected Burr's application for a brigadier general's commission during the Quasi-War with France. Washington wrote, "By all that I have known and heard, Colonel Burr is a brave and able officer, but the question is whether he has not equal talents at intrigue."{{sfn|Lomask|1979|p=215}} Burr returned to the New York State Assembly in 1798 and served there through 1799.{{sfn|Office of Art and Archives|n.d.}} During this time, he cooperated with the Holland Land Company in gaining passage of a law to permit aliens to hold and convey lands.{{sfn|Steiner|1907}} National parties became clearly defined during Adams' presidency, and Burr loosely associated himself with the Democratic-Republicans. However, he had moderate Federalist allies such as Senator Jonathan Dayton of New Jersey.{{cite book| url = http://www.history.army.mil/books/RevWar/ss/ss-fm.htm| title = Soldier-Statesmen of the Constitution| id = CMH Pub 71-25| chapter = David Brearly| location = Washington D.C.| publisher = United States Army Center of Military History| first1 = Robert K. Jr.| last1 = Wright| first2 = Morris J. Jr.| last2 = MacGregor| access-date = March 6, 2025| archive-date = October 9, 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191009074857/https://history.army.mil/books/RevWar/ss/ss-fm.htm| url-status = dead}}

{{Further|Manhattan Company}}

In September 1799, Burr founded his own bank, the Manhattan Company,{{cite web |title=Ebb & Flow |url=https://www.archives.nyc/ebb-flow |access-date=January 2, 2024 |website=NYC Department of Records & Information Services |language=en-US}} and the enmity between him and Hamilton may have arisen from how he did so. Before the establishment of Burr's bank, the Federalists held a monopoly on banking interests in New York via the federal government's Bank of the United States and Hamilton's Bank of New York.{{Cite web|title=Alexander Hamilton, First Secretary of the Treasury Born|url=https://guides.loc.gov/this-month-in-business-history/january/alexander-hamilton?loclr=blogadm|access-date=March 13, 2025|via=Library of Congress}} These banks financed operations of significant business interests owned by aristocratic members of the city. Hamilton had prevented the formation of rival banks. Small businessmen relied on tontines to buy property and establish a voting voice.{{cite web |title=Expansion of Rights and Liberties – The Right of Suffrage |url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters_of_freedom_13.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706144856/http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters_of_freedom_13.html |archive-date=July 6, 2016 |access-date=April 8, 2025|website=Online Exhibit: The Charters of Freedom |publisher=National Archives}}{{efn|At this time, voting was based upon property rights.}}

Burr used his power as the head of the New York State Assembly in order to convince his delegation to let a private company run the project as a doctor, Joseph Browne had previously suggested. He solicited support from Hamilton and other Federalists under the guise that he was establishing a badly needed water company for Manhattan. He secretly changed the application for a state charter at the last minute to include the ability to invest surplus funds in any cause that did not violate state law,{{sfn|Allen|p=12}} and dropped any pretense of founding a water company once he had gained approval, but he did dig a well and built a large working water storage tank on the site of his bank, which was still standing and apparently still working in 1898.{{cite web |url=https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=AST18980521.2.30&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA--------0------|title=Aaron Burr's Old Tank – Reminder of a Legislative Charter Trick Exhumed in New York. |author= |date=May 21, 1898 |website=Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection |publisher=The Aspen Tribune |access-date=February 11, 2022 |quote=For the first time in more than one generation, Aaron Burr's old tank in Center street is on public view.}}{{cite web |url=https://collections.mcny.org/Explore/Highlights/Jacob-A--Riis/Page16 |title=Aaron Burr's famous old tank in the building on Reade, Centre and Duane Streets, on which hangs Charter of the Bank of the Manhattan Company at 42 Wall Street. |last=Riis |first=Jacob |date=1900 |website=Museum of the City of New York |access-date=February 12, 2022}} Hamilton and other supporters believed that Burr had acted "dishonorably" for tricking them. Meanwhile, construction was delayed on a safe water system for Manhattan, and writer Ron Chernow suggests that the delay may have contributed to deaths during a subsequent malaria epidemic.{{sfn|Chernow|2004|pp=585–590}} However, Museum of American Finance employees Maura Ferguson and Sarah Poole believe that the epidemic was not malaria, but yellow fever.{{Cite web|last1=Ferguson|first1=Maura|last2=Poole|first2=Sarah|title=Dirty Water|url=https://www.archives.nyc/blog/2020/3/6/dirty-water|date=March 6, 2020|access-date=April 9, 2025|via=Financial History}}

The Manhattan Company was more than a bank; it was a tool to promote Democratic-Republican power and influence, and its loans were directed to partisans. By extending credit to small businessmen, who then obtained enough property to gain the franchise to vote, the bank was able to increase the party's electorate. Federalist bankers in New York responded by trying to organize a credit boycott of Democratic-Republican businessmen.Brian Phillips Murphy, " 'A Very Convenient Instrument': The Manhattan Company, Aaron Burr, and the Election of 1800." William and Mary Quarterly 65.2 (2008): 233–266. [https://blogs.baruch.cuny.edu/brianmurphy/files/2009/10/WMQuarterly.Murphy.pdf online]

Shortly after the bank's founding, Burr fought a duel with John Barker Church, whose wife Angelica was the sister-in-law of Alexander Hamilton.{{Cite web|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/church-john-barker-1748-1818|title=Church, John Barker (1748–1818), of Down Place, Berks. {{!}} History of Parliament Online|website=historyofparliamentonline.org|access-date=February 26, 2025}} Church had accused Burr of taking a bribe from the Holland Land Company in exchange for his political influence. Burr and Church fired at each other and missed, and afterward, Church acknowledged that he was wrong to have accused Burr without proof. Burr accepted this as an apology, and the two men shook hands and ended the dispute.{{sfn|Chernow|2004|pp=589–591}}

{{Main|1800 United States presidential election}}

File:Aaron Burr post-failure.jpg under Thomas Jefferson in 1803]]

In the 1800 United States presidential election, Burr combined the political influence of the Manhattan Company with party campaign innovations to deliver New York's support for Thomas Jefferson.{{sfn|Murphy|2008|pp=233–266}} That year, New York's state legislature chose the presidential electors, as they had four years earlier, in 1796, when they gave their support to John Adams. Prior to the April 1800 legislative elections, the State Assembly was controlled by the Federalists. The City of New York elected assembly members on an at-large basis. Burr and Hamilton were the key campaigners for their respective parties. Burr's Democratic-Republican slate of assemblymen was elected, giving the party control of the legislature, which in turn gave New York State's electoral votes to Jefferson and Burr. This drove another wedge between Burr and Hamilton, who had developed a rivalry with Jefferson.{{sfn|Elkins|McKitrick|1995|p=733}}

Burr enlisted the help of Tammany Hall to win the voting for selection of Electoral College delegates. He gained a place on the Democratic-Republican presidential ticket with Jefferson in the 1800 election. Jefferson and Burr won New York, and tied for the presidency overall, with 73 electoral votes each. Members of the Democratic-Republican Party understood they intended that Jefferson should be president and Burr vice president, but the tied vote required that the final choice be made by the U.S. House of Representatives, with each of the sixteen states having one vote, and nine votes needed for election.{{sfn|Paulsen|Paulsen|2017|p=53}}

Burr remained quiet publicly, refusing to surrender the presidency to Jefferson, who was seen as the great enemy of the Federalists. Rumors circulated that he and a faction of Federalists were encouraging Democratic-Republican representatives to vote for him, blocking Jefferson's election in the House. However, solid evidence of such a conspiracy was lacking, and historians generally gave Burr the benefit of the doubt. In 2011, however, historian Thomas Baker discovered a previously unknown letter from William P. Van Ness to Edward Livingston, two leading Democratic-Republicans in New York.{{sfn|Baker|2011|pp=553–598}} Van Ness was very close to Burr, serving as his second in the duel with Alexander Hamilton. As a leading Democratic-Republican, Van Ness secretly supported the Federalist plan to elect Burr as president and tried to get Livingston to join.{{sfn|Baker|2011|pp=553–598}} Livingston agreed at first, then reversed himself. Baker argues that Burr probably supported the Van Ness plan: "There is a compelling pattern of circumstantial evidence, much of it newly discovered, that strongly suggests Aaron Burr did exactly that as part of a stealth campaign to compass the presidency for himself."{{sfn|Baker|2011|p=556}} The attempt did not work, however, at least in part because of Livingston's reversal and especially Hamilton's vigorous opposition to Burr. Jefferson was ultimately elected president, and Burr vice president.{{sfn|Ferling|2004}}{{sfn|Sharp|2010}}

{{main|Vice presidency of Aaron Burr}}

Jefferson never trusted Burr, so he was effectively shut out of party matters. As vice president, Burr earned praise from some enemies for his even-handedness and his judicial manner as President of the Senate; he fostered some practices for that office that have become time-honored traditions.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=862}} Burr's judicial manner in presiding over the impeachment trial of Justice Samuel Chase has been credited as helping to preserve the principle of judicial independence that was established by Marbury v. Madison in 1803.{{sfn|McDonald|1992}} One newspaper wrote that Burr had conducted the proceedings with the "impartiality of an angel, but with the rigor of a devil".{{sfn|Lamb|1921|p=500}}

Burr was not nominated to a second term as Jefferson's running mate in the 1804 election, and Clinton replaced Burr as vice president on March 4, 1805. Burr's farewell speech on March 2, 1805,{{cite web|title=U.S. Senate: Aaron Burr, 3rd Vice President (1801–1805)|url=https://www.senate.gov/about/officers-staff/vice-president/VP_Aaron_Burr.htm|access-date=October 10, 2020|website=www.senate.gov|archive-date=October 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029205324/https://www.senate.gov/about/officers-staff/vice-president/VP_Aaron_Burr.htm|url-status=dead}} moved some of his harshest critics in the Senate to tears.{{cite news|date=October 26, 1952|title=that "most uncommon man"|work=The Nashville Tennessean Magazine|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5174206/aaron-burrs-farewell-address-to-the/|access-date=October 10, 2020}} But the 20-minute speech was never recorded in full,{{cite journal |title=Aaron burr's farewell address |first=Gordon L. |last=Thomas |journal=Quarterly Journal of Speech |volume=39 |year=1953 |issue= 3 |pages=273–282 |doi=10.1080/00335635309381878}} "Except for some of his court-room speeches [...] no verbatim reports of his speeches are extant." and has been preserved only in short quotes and descriptions of the address, which defended the American system of government.

{{Main|Burr–Hamilton duel}}

{{Wikisource|Hamilton–Burr duel correspondences|has=original texts related to|nocat=yes}}

File:Hamilton-burr-duel.jpg between Burr (right) and Alexander Hamilton (left) on July 11, 1804, in Weehawken, New Jersey. In the duel, Burr shot Hamilton in his liver and spine, resulting in injuries that later proved fatal]]

When it became clear that Jefferson would drop Burr from his ticket in the 1804 election, Burr ran for governor of New York instead. He lost the gubernatorial election to little known Morgan Lewis, in what was the most significant margin of loss in the state's history up to that time.{{sfn|Stewart|2011|p=29}} Burr blamed his loss on a personal smear campaign believed to have been orchestrated by his party rivals, including Clinton.{{Cite web|title=The New York Governor's Race|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/duel-new-york-governors-race/|access-date=March 10, 2025|via=PBS}} Hamilton also opposed Burr, due to his belief that Burr had entertained a Federalist secession movement in New York.{{sfn|Kerber|1980|p=148}} In April, the Albany Register published a letter from Dr. Charles D. Cooper to Senator Philip Schuyler, which relayed Hamilton's judgment that Burr was "a dangerous man and one who ought not to be trusted with the reins of government," and claiming to know of "a still more despicable opinion which General Hamilton has expressed of Mr. Burr".{{sfn|Fleming|1999|p=233}} In June, Burr sent this letter to Hamilton, seeking an affirmation or disavowal of Cooper's characterization of Hamilton's remarks.{{sfn|Fleming|1999|p=284}}

Hamilton replied that Burr should give specifics of his remarks, not Cooper's, and said he could not answer regarding Cooper's interpretation. A few more letters followed, in which the exchange escalated to Burr's demanding that Hamilton recant or deny any statement disparaging Burr's honor over the past fifteen years.{{Cite web|title=To Alexander Hamilton from Aaron Burr|url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-26-02-0001-0207|date=June 21, 1804|access-date=March 10, 2025|via=Founders Online}} Hamilton, meaning what he said and wanting to ensure his reputation stayed clean for the future, did not.{{Cite web|title=Hamilton-Burr Duel|url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/hamilton-burr-duel.htm|date=May 8, 2022|access-date=March 10, 2025|via=National Park Service}} According to historian Thomas Fleming, Burr would have immediately published such an apology, and Hamilton's remaining power in the New York's Federalist party would have been diminished.{{sfn|Fleming|1999|pp=287–289}} Burr responded by challenging Hamilton to a duel,{{Cite web|title=To Alexander Hamilton from Aaron Burr|url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-26-02-0001-0212|date=June 22, 1804|access-date=March 6, 2025|via=Founders Online}} personal combat then formalized under rules known as code duello.{{Cite web|title=The History of Dueling in America|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/duel-history-dueling-america/|access-date=March 6, 2025|via=PBS}}

Dueling was outlawed in New York, with bitter punishment awaiting any involved in dueling. It also was illegal in New Jersey, but the criminal ramifications were less severe.{{Cite web|title=Burr—Hamilton Duel|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Burr-Hamilton-duel|access-date=March 13, 2025|via=Encyclopedia Britannica}} On July 11, 1804, the enemies met outside Weehawken, New Jersey, at the same location where Hamilton's oldest son, Philip Hamilton, had been killed in a duel three years earlier. Both men fired, and Hamilton was mortally wounded by a shot just above the hip.

The observers disagreed on who fired first. They did agree that there was a three-to-four-second interval between the first and the second shot, raising difficult questions in evaluating the two camps' versions.{{sfn|Ellis|2000|pp=20–47}} Historian William Weir speculated that Hamilton might have been undone by his machinations: secretly setting his pistol's trigger to require only a half-pound of pressure as opposed to the usual ten pounds. Weir contends, "There is no evidence that Burr even knew that his pistol had a set trigger."{{cite book

|last=Weir

|first=William

|date=2003

|title=Written With Lead: America's most famous and notorious gunfights from the Revolutionary War to today

|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/writtenwithleada0000weir/page/28/mode/2up

|location=New York

|publisher=Cooper Square Press

|chapter=Interview in Weehawken, Mystery in the West

|page=29

|isbn=0815412894

}} Louisiana State University history professors Nancy Isenberg and Andrew Burstein concur with this, noting that "Hamilton brought the pistols, which had a larger barrel than regular dueling pistols, and a secret hair-trigger, and were therefore much more deadly,"{{sfn|Isenberg|Burstein|2011}} and conclude that "Hamilton gave himself an unfair advantage in their duel, and got the worst of it anyway."{{sfn|Isenberg|Burstein|2011}} However, other accounts state that Hamilton reportedly responded "not this time" when his second, Nathaniel Pendleton, asked whether he would set the hair-trigger feature.Winfield, Charles H. (1874). History of the County of Hudson, New Jersey from Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time. New York: Kennard and Hay. Chapter 8, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20070703220610/http://duel2004.weehawkenhistory.org/winfieldch8duels.pdf Duels]." pp. 219.{{cite book |last=Brookhiser |first=Richard |title=Alexander Hamilton, American |page=212 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-43913-545-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KNqw3yCfG5YC&pg=PA212 |via=Google Books }}

David O. Stewart, in his biography of Burr, American Emperor, notes that the reports of Hamilton's intentionally missing Burr with his shot began to be published in newspaper reports in papers friendly to Hamilton only in the days after his death.{{sfn|Stewart|2011|p=35-38}} However, Ron Chernow, in his 2004 biography Alexander Hamilton, states that Hamilton told numerous friends well before the duel of his intention to avoid firing at Burr. Additionally, Hamilton wrote several letters, including a Statement on Impending Duel With Aaron Burr{{sfn|Hamilton|1804a}} and his last missives to his wife dated before the duel,{{sfn|Hamilton|1804b}} which also attest to his intention. The second shot, witnesses reported, followed so soon after the first that witnesses could not agree on who fired first. Before the duel proper, Hamilton took a good deal of time getting used to the feel and weight of the pistol and putting on his glasses to see his opponent more clearly. The seconds placed Hamilton so that Burr would have the rising sun behind him, and during the brief duel, one witness reported, Hamilton seemed to be hindered by this placement as the sun was in his eyes.Stewart, (2011).

Each man took one shot. Burr's shot fatally injured Hamilton. While it is unclear whether Hamilton's was purposely fired into the air, Burr's bullet entered Hamilton's abdomen above his right hip, piercing his liver and spine. Hamilton was evacuated to the Manhattan residence of his friend, William Bayard Jr., where he and his family received visitors including Episcopal bishop Benjamin Moore, who gave Hamilton last rites. Burr was charged with multiple crimes, including murder, in New York and New Jersey, but was never tried in either jurisdiction.

Burr fled to South Carolina, where his daughter lived with her family, but soon returned to Philadelphia and then to Washington, D.C. to complete his term as vice president. He avoided New York and New Jersey for a time, but all the charges against him were eventually dropped. In the case of New Jersey, the indictment was thrown out on the basis that, although Hamilton was shot in New Jersey, he died in New York.

{{Main|Burr conspiracy}}

File:Map of Louisiana Representing the Several Land Districts, from the Surveyor General's Report 1860 NAID 26465546.jpg showing "rejected claim of the Baron de Bastrop" along the Ouachita River]]

File:Place where Aaron Burr was captured, near Wakefield, Alabama.jpg]]

After Burr left the vice presidency at the end of his term in 1805, he journeyed to the western frontier, areas west of the Allegheny Mountains and down the Ohio River Valley, eventually reaching the lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase. He leased 40,000 acres (16,000 ha) of land, known as the Bastrop Tract, along the Ouachita River, in present-day Louisiana, from the Spanish government. Starting in Pittsburgh and then proceeding to Beaver, Pennsylvania and Wheeling, Virginia, and onward, he drummed up support for his planned settlement, whose purpose and status was unclear.{{sfn|McFarland|1979|p=62}}

Burr's most important contact was General James Wilkinson, Commander-in-Chief of the United States Army at New Orleans, and governor of the Louisiana Territory. Others included Harman Blennerhassett, who offered the use of his private island for training and outfitting Burr's expedition. Wilkinson later proved to be a bad choice.{{sfn|Parmet|Hecht|1967|p=259}}

Burr envisioned the probability of the Spanish-American War. In case war was declared, Andrew Jackson, then commander of Tennessee's militia, stood ready to assist Burr.{{Cite web|last1=Feller|first1=Daniel|title=Andrew Jackson: Life Before the Presidency|url=https://millercenter.org/president/jackson/life-before-the-presidency|access-date=March 7, 2025|via=Miller Center}}

Burr's expedition of about eighty men carried modest arms for hunting and no war materiel was ever revealed even when Blennerhassett Island was seized by Ohio's militia.{{sfn|Parmet|Hecht|1967|p=268}} Burr vowed the aim of his conspiracy was that if he settled there with a large group of armed farmers and war broke out, he would likely face a force with which to fight and claim land for himself thereby restoring his wealth. However, the war did not emerge as soon as Burr expected. In 1819, the Adams–Onís Treaty secured Florida for the U.S. without a fight, and war in Texas did not commence until 1836, the year Burr died.{{Cite web|title=Texas Declaration of Independence, March 2, 1836|url=https://www.tsl.texas.gov/exhibits/texas175/declaration|date=May 29, 2024|access-date=March 7, 2025|via=Texas State Library}}

After a near-incident with Spanish forces at Natchitoches, Wilkinson decided he could best protect himself by betraying Burr's plans to his Spanish spymasters and to President Jefferson.{{cite web|title=James Wilkinson|url=https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/james-wilkinson|access-date=April 8, 2025|via=American Battlefield Trust}} Jefferson issued an order for Burr's arrest, declaring him a traitor before any indictment.{{cite web|last1=Newmyer|first1=R. Kent|title=Burr versus Jefferson versus Marshall |url=https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2013/mayjune/feature/burr-versus-jefferson-versus-marshall|date=June 2013|access-date=February 25, 2025 |website=National Endowment for the Humanities|language=en-US}} Burr read this in a newspaper in the Territory of Orleans on January 10, 1807. Several journals reported on the subject, creating a pool of rumors, most against Burr.{{Cite journal |last=Fichtelberg |first=Joseph |date=2006 |title=The Devil Designs a Career: Aaron Burr and the Shaping of Enterprise |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25057466 |journal=Early American Literature |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=495–513 |jstor=25057466 |issn=0012-8163}} Jefferson's warrant put federal agents on his trail.H.R. Brands, Andrew Jackson: His Life and His Times (2005); 125–126 Burr twice turned himself in to federal authorities, and both times judges found his actions legal and released him.{{Cite web|title=The Burr Conspiracy|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/duel-burr-conspiracy/|access-date=March 6, 2025|via=PBS}}

Jefferson's warrant, however, followed Burr, who fled toward Spanish Florida. He was intercepted at Wakefield, in Mississippi Territory in present-day Alabama, on February 19, 1807, by Edmund P. Gaines and Nicholas Perkins III.{{cite web |title=Aaron Burr's Arrest |url=https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/aaron-burrs-arrest/ |access-date=June 8, 2023 |website=Encyclopedia of Alabama |language=en-US}}{{cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Roger |title=Burr, Hamilton, and Jefferson: A Study in Character |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |isbn=9780199848775}} He was confined to Fort Stoddert after being arrested on charges of treason.{{sfn|Pickett|1900}}

Burr's secret correspondence with Anthony Merry and the Marquis of Casa Yrujo, the British and Spanish ministers in Washington, D.C., were eventually revealed.{{Cite book|title=Aaron Burr: Conspiracy to Treason|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PyWM2rWyc_UC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=2002|access-date=March 6, 2025}} Burr tried to secure money and conceal what may have been his true design, which was aiding Mexico in overthrowing the Kingdom of Spain's governance of the Southwest. If Burr intended to establish a dynasty in what later became Mexican territory,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=862}} such an offense at the time was a misdemeanor under the Neutrality Act of 1794, which Congress passed to block filibuster expeditions against U.S. neighbors, including those of George Rogers Clark and William Blount. Despite this, Thomas Jefferson sought the highest charges against Burr.

In 1807, Burr was charged with treason in U.S. circuit court in Richmond, Virginia. His defense lawyers included Edmund Randolph, John Wickham, Luther Martin, and Benjamin Gaines Botts.{{sfn|Wandell|Minnigerode|1925|p=182}} Burr was arraigned four times for treason prior to being indicted before a grand jury. The only physical evidence presented to the grand jury was Wilkinson's letter from Burr, which proposed stealing land in the Louisiana Purchase. During the grand jury's deliberations, however, the court discovered that the letter was written in Wilkinson's handwriting. He said he had made a copy because he had lost the original. The grand jury dismissed the letter out as evidence, and the news made a laughingstock of Wilkinson for the rest of the proceedings.Gordon S. Wood, "The Real Treason of Aaron Burr." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 143.2 (1999): 280–295.

The trial, which was presided over by Chief Justice John Marshall, began on August 3. Article 3, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution requires that treason either be admitted in open court or proven by an overt act witnessed by two people. Since no witnesses came forward, Burr was acquitted on September 1, despite efforts by the Jefferson administration to exert its political influence against him in the trial. Burr was immediately tried on a misdemeanor charge and was again acquitted.{{sfn|Hoffer|2008}}

Jefferson used his influence as president to seek Burr's conviction, leading the trial to be seen as a major test of the U.S. Constitution and the separation of powers. Jefferson challenged the authority of the Supreme Court and Chief Justice Marshall, who was appointed by John Adams and clashed with Jefferson over Adams' last-minute judicial appointments. Jefferson believed that Burr's treason was obvious. Burr sent a letter to Jefferson in which he stated that he could do Jefferson much harm. The case, as tried, was decided on whether Burr was present at certain events at certain times and in certain capacities. Jefferson used all of his influence to attempt in an attempt to convince Marshall to convict Burr, but Marshall was not swayed.{{sfn|Hoffer|2008}}

Historians Nancy Isenberg and Andrew Burstein write that Burr:

{{blockquote|was not guilty of treason, nor was he ever convicted, because there was no evidence, not one credible piece of testimony, and the star witness for the prosecution had to admit that he had doctored a letter implicating Burr.{{sfn|Isenberg|Burstein|2011}}}}

David O. Stewart, on the other hand, alleged that Burr was not explicitly guilty of treason, according to Marshall's definition, but evidence existed linking him to treasonous crimes. Bollman admitted to Jefferson during an interrogation that Burr planned to raise an army and invade Mexico. He said that Burr believed that he should be Mexico's monarch, since a republican government, in Burr's view, was not appropriate for Mexico.{{sfn|Stewart|2011|pp=213–214}}

By the conclusion of his trial for treason, despite an acquittal, all of Burr's hopes for a political comeback had been dashed, and he fled America and his creditors for Europe.{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|p=380}} Dr. David Hosack, Hamilton's physician and a friend to both Hamilton and Burr, lent Burr money for passage on a ship.{{sfn|Leitch|1978|pp=261–262}}

Burr lived in self-imposed exile from 1808 to 1812, passing most of this period in England, where he occupied a house on Craven Street, London. He became a good friend, even confidant, of the English Utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham, and on occasion lived at Bentham's home. He also spent time in Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Germany and France. Ever hopeful, he solicited funding for renewing his plans for a conquest of Mexico but was rebuffed. He was ordered out of England and Emperor Napoleon of France refused to receive him.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=862}} However, one of his ministers held an interview concerning Burr's goals for Spanish Florida or the British West Indies.

After returning from Europe, Burr used the surname "Edwards", his mother's maiden name, for a while to avoid creditors. With help from old friends Samuel Swartwout and Matthew L. Davis, Burr returned to New York City and his law practice. Later he helped the heirs of the Eden family in a financial lawsuit. By the early 1820s, the remaining members of the Eden household, Eden's widow and two daughters, had become a surrogate family to Burr.{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|p=397}}

File:Image of Aaron Burr around 1834 by J. Vandyke.jpg

Despite financial setbacks, Burr lived out the remainder of his life in New York in relative peace until 1833.{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|pp=396–397}} On July 1 of that year, at age 77, he married Eliza Jumel, a wealthy widow who was nineteen years his junior. They lived together briefly at her residence which she had acquired with her first husband, the Morris-Jumel Mansion in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan.{{sfn|Oppenheimer|2015|pp=165–169}} Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it is now preserved and open to the public.{{sfn|Ward|2000|p=39}}

Soon after the marriage, Jumel realized her fortune was dwindling due to Burr's land speculation losses,{{sfn|Brown|1901|pp=3–4}} and separated from him after four months of marriage. The apocryphal story is that she chose Alexander Hamilton Jr.{{sfn|Beyer|2017|p=163}} as her divorce lawyer in 1834, the same year Burr suffered an immobilizing stroke.{{sfn|Chernow|2004|p=726}}

In addition to his daughter Theodosia, Burr was the father of at least three other children and he adopted two sons. Burr also acted as a parent to his two stepsons by his wife's first marriage and he became a mentor or guardian to several protégés who lived in his home.

{{main article|Theodosia Burr Alston}}

File:Aaron and Theodosia Burr.jpg

Theodosia Burr Alston was born in 1783 and was named after her mother. She was the only child of Burr's marriage to Theodosia Bartow Prevost who survived to adulthood. A second daughter, Sally, lived to the age of three.{{sfn|James|1971|p=270}} Two unnamed stillborns arrived later, with the first son in February 1787 and the second on July 9, 1788.

Burr was a devoted and attentive father to Theodosia.{{sfn|James|1971|p=270}} Believing that a young woman should have an education equal to that of a young man, he prescribed a rigorous course of studies for her which included the classics, French, horsemanship and music.{{sfn|James|1971|p=270}} Their surviving correspondence indicates that he affectionately treated his daughter as a close friend and confidante as long as she lived. Theodosia was devoted to her father as well, once having wrote to him "...you appear to me so superior, so elevated above all other men..."{{Cite web|title=The Unsolved Mystery of Aaron Burr's Daughter|url=https://blogs.loc.gov/headlinesandheroes/2019/01/the-unsolved-mystery-of-aaron-burrs-daughter/|date=January 22, 2019|access-date=February 28, 2025|website=Library of Congress}}

Theodosia became widely known for her education and accomplishments. In 1801, she married Joseph Alston of South Carolina.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=861}} They had a son together, Aaron Burr Alston, in 1802.{{cite web |last1=MacLean |first1=Maggie |title=Theodosia Burr Alston |website=History of American Women |url=http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2012/11/theodosia-burr-alston.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810154501/http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2012/11/theodosia-burr-alston.html |archive-date=August 10, 2016 }} In 1812, the young boy died of malaria at age ten. Following her son's death, Theodosia sent a letter to her father, stating, "...there is no more joy for me, the world is a blank. I have lost my boy. My child is gone forever. He expired on the 30th of June."{{Cite web|title=Theodosia|url=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000046/000000/000001/unrestricted/theodosia.htm|access-date=March 19, 2025|via=Maryland State Archives}}

File:Theodosia Burr Alston walks plank.jpg's cartoon about Theodosia's possible fate.]] During the winter of 1812–1813, Theodosia was lost at sea with the schooner Patriot off the Carolinas. Although it is unknown what truly happened to Theodosia and the other passengers, the most common theories are that they were either murdered by pirates or shipwrecked in a storm. Burr and Mr. Alston personally chose to believe the theory that she had died in a storm, not wanting to think their beloved had been murdered.

{{Anchor|Natalie De Lage Sumter}}

Upon Burr's marriage, he became stepfather to the two teenage sons of his wife's first marriage. Augustine James Frederick Prevost (called "Frederick") and John Bartow Prevost had both joined their father in the Royal American Regiment in December 1780, at the ages of 16 and 14.{{sfn|Williams|1973|pp=16–17}} When they returned in 1783 to become citizens of the United States,{{sfn|Williams|1973|pp=16–17}} Burr acted as a father to them: he assumed responsibility for their education, gave both of them clerkships in his law office and frequently was accompanied by one of them as an assistant when he traveled on business.{{sfnm|Burr|1837|1p=252|Isenberg|2007|2p=76}} John was later appointed by Jefferson to a post in the Territory of Orleans as the first judge of the Louisiana Supreme Court.{{sfnm|Wymond|1921|1p=113|New York Gen. & Bio. Record|1881|2p=28}}

File:Natalie DeLage Sumter, drawing by Saint-Memin.png

Burr served as a guardian to Nathalie de Lage de Volude (1782–1841) from 1794 to 1801, during Theodosia's childhood. The young daughter of a French marquis, Nathalie was taken to New York for safety during the French Revolution by her governess, Caroline de Senat.{{sfn|Tisdale|2001}} Burr opened his home to them, allowing Madame Senat to tutor private students there along with his daughter, and Nathalie became a companion and close friend to Theodosia.{{sfnm|Schachner|1961|1p=|Burr|1837|2p=387 n.1}} While traveling to France for an extended visit in 1801, Nathalie met Thomas Sumter Jr., a diplomat and the son of General Thomas Sumter.{{sfn|Tisdale|2001}} They married in Paris in March 1802, before returning to his home in South Carolina. From 1810 to 1821 they lived in Rio de Janeiro,{{sfn|Tisdale|2001|pp=83–90}} where Sumter served as the American ambassador to Portugal during the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil.{{sfn|Bureau of Public Affairs}} One of their children, Thomas De Lage Sumter, was a Congressman from South Carolina.{{sfn|Tisdale|2001}}

In the 1790s, Burr also took the painter John Vanderlyn into his home as a protégé,{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|pp=158–159}} and provided him with financial support and patronage for 20 years.{{sfn|National Gallery}} He arranged Vanderlyn's training by Gilbert Stuart in Philadelphia and sent him in 1796 to the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, where he remained for six years.{{sfnm|1a1=National Gallery|2a1=Kip|2y=1867|2pp=228–229}}

Burr adopted two sons, Aaron Columbus Burr and Charles Burdett, during the 1810s and 1820s after the death of his daughter Theodosia. Aaron (born Aaron Burr Columbe) was born in Paris in 1808 and arrived in America around 1815, and Charles was born in 1814.{{sfn|Isenberg|2007|p=397}}{{sfn|Lomask|1982|pp=387–388}}{{sfn|Schachner|1961|p=513}} Both of the boys were reputed to be Burr's biological sons. A Burr biographer described Aaron Columbus Burr as "the product of a Paris adventure", conceived presumably during Burr's exile from the United States between 1808 and 1814.{{sfn|Schachner|1961|p=513}}

In 1835, the year before his death, Burr acknowledged two young daughters whom he had fathered late in his life, by different mothers. Burr made specific provisions for his surviving daughters in a will dated January 11, 1835, in which he left "all the rest and residue" of his estate, after other specific bequests, to six-year-old Frances Ann (born {{circa|1829}}), and two-year-old Elizabeth (born {{circa|1833}}).{{sfnm|Oppenheimer|2015|1pp=165–169|Stillwell|1928|2p=66}}

{{Anchor|Mary Emmons}}

{{Anchor|Louisa Charlotte Burr}}

{{See also|Mary Emmons}}

In 1787 or earlier, Burr began a relationship with Mary Emmons (called "Eugenie"), who may have been East Indian. She worked as a servant in his household during his first marriage. Emmons may have come from Calcutta to Saint-Domingue or Haiti before coming to America.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4lNoVq79qn8C&q=calcutta&pg=PA68|title=One More Day's Journey: The Story of a Family and a People|first=Allen B.|last=Ballard|year=2011|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=9781462052837 |via=Google Books}}{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB112847391696860205 |title=Fans of Aaron Burr Find Unlikely Ally In a 'New' Relative |first1=Greg |last1=Ip |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=October 5, 2005}} Burr fathered two children with Emmons, both of whom married into Philadelphia's "Free Negro" community in which their families became prominent:

• Louisa Burr (Webb) (Darius) ({{circa|1784}}-1878) worked most of her life as a valued servant in the home of Elizabeth Powel Francis Fisher, a prominent Philadelphia society matron, and later in the home of her son Joshua Francis Fisher.{{sfn|Maillard|2013|pp=261–300}} She was married to Francis Webb (1788–1829), a founding member of the Pennsylvania Augustine Education Society, secretary of the Haytien Emigration Society formed in 1824, and distributor of Freedom's Journal from 1827 to 1829.{{sfn|Maillard|2013|pp=261–300}} After his death, Louisa remarried and became Louisa Darius.{{sfn|Maillard|2013|pp=261–300}} Her youngest son Frank J. Webb wrote the 1857 novel The Garies and Their Friends.{{sfn|Maillard|2013|pp=261–300}}
• John Pierre Burr ({{circa|1792}}–1864) became a member of Philadelphia's Underground Railroad and served as an agent for the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. He worked in the National Black Convention movement and served as chairman of the American Moral Reform Society.{{sfnm|Willson|2000|1p=123 n.11}}

One contemporary of John Pierre Burr identified him as a natural son of Burr in a published account,{{sfn|Pickard|1895|p=224}} but Burr never acknowledged his relationship or children with Emmons during his life, in contrast to his adoption or acknowledgment of other children born later in his life.

In 2018, Louisa and John were acknowledged by the Aaron Burr Association as the children of Burr after Sherri Burr, a descendant of John Pierre, provided both documentary evidence and results of a DNA test to confirm a familial link between descendants of Burr and descendants of Pierre.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/aug/24/aaron-burr-vice-president-who-killed-hamilton-had-children-of-color|title=Aaron Burr, vice-president who killed Hamilton, had children of color|last=Holpuch|first=Amanda|date=August 24, 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=August 24, 2019|language=en-GB}}{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/08/24/aaron-burr-villain-hamilton-had-secret-family-color-new-research-shows/|title=Aaron Burr – villain of 'Hamilton' – had a secret family of color, new research shows|newspaper=The Washington Post}} The Association installed a headstone at Pierre's grave to mark his ancestry. Stuart Fisk Johnson, the president of the Association, commented, "A few people didn't want to go into it because Aaron's first wife, Theodosia, was still alive, and dying of cancer [when Aaron fathered Pierre] ... But the embarrassment is not as important as it is to acknowledge and embrace actual living, robust, accomplished children."{{cite news|last=Natanson|first=Hannah|title=Aaron Burr – villain of 'Hamilton' – had a secret family of color, new research shows|language=en-US|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/08/24/aaron-burr-villain-hamilton-had-secret-family-color-new-research-shows/|access-date=September 25, 2020|issn=0190-8286}}

Burr was a man of complex character who made many friends, but also many powerful enemies. He was indicted for murder after the death of Hamilton, but never prosecuted;{{sfn|Berkin|Miller|Cherny|Gormly|2013|p=200}} he was reported by acquaintances to be curiously unmoved by Hamilton's death, expressing no regret for his role in the result. He was arrested and prosecuted for treason by President Jefferson, but acquitted.{{sfn|Newmyer|2012|p=182}} Although the charges were dropped, Burr remained distrusted by contemporaries for the rest of his life.

In his later years in New York, Burr provided money and education for several children, some of whom were reputed to be his natural children. To his friends and family, and often to strangers, he could be kind and generous. Jane Fairfield, the wife of the struggling poet Sumner Lincoln Fairfield, recorded in her autobiography that in the late 1820s, their friend Burr pawned his watch to provide for the care of the Fairfields' two children.{{sfn|Fairfield|1860|p=89}} Jane wrote that, while traveling, she and her husband had left the children in New York with their grandmother, who proved unable to provide adequate food or heat for them. The grandmother took the children to Burr's home and asked his help: "[Burr] wept, and replied, 'Though I am poor and have not a dollar, the children of such a mother shall not suffer while I have a watch.' He hastened on this godlike errand, and quickly returned, having pawned the article for twenty dollars, which he gave to make comfortable my precious babes."{{sfn|Fairfield|1860|p=89}}

By Fairfield's account, Burr had lost his religious faith before that time; upon seeing a painting of Jesus' suffering, Burr candidly told her, "It is a fable, my child; there never was such a being."{{sfn|Fairfield|1860|p=82}}

Burr believed women to be intellectually equal to men and hung a portrait of Mary Wollstonecraft over his mantel. The Burrs' daughter, Theodosia, was taught dance, music, several languages and learned to shoot from horseback. Until her death at sea in 1813, she remained devoted to her father. Not only did Burr advocate education for women, upon his election to the New York legislature, he submitted a bill, which failed to pass, that would have allowed women to vote.{{cite book |last=Braun |first=Eric Mark |date=2020 |title=The Real Aaron Burr: The Truth Behind the Legend |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1_KaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12 |location=North Mankato, MN |publisher=Compass Point Books |page=12 |isbn=978-0-7565-6254-0 |via=Google Books}} Hamilton attacked Burr for supporting the idea that women were the intellectual equals of men.{{cite news |last=Isenberg |first=Nancy |title=Liberals love Alexander Hamilton. But Aaron Burr was a real progressive hero. |language=en-US |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/03/30/liberals-love-alexander-hamilton-but-aaron-burr-was-a-real-progressive-hero/ |access-date=June 2, 2022 |issn=0190-8286}}

Burr was considered a notorious womanizer.{{cite news|last=Achenbach |first=Joel |title=Top Guns|language=en-US |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/2006/03/12/top-guns-span-classbankheadcheney-may-be-the-most-powerful-veep-in-history-but-burr-was-a-better-shotspan/a8a72161-9936-48ff-8487-eff925aee4ec|date=March 11, 2006|access-date=February 25, 2025}} In addition to cultivating relationships with women in his social circles, his journals indicate that he was a frequent patron of prostitutes during his travels in Europe; he recorded brief notes of dozens of such encounters, and the amounts he paid. He described "sexual release as the only remedy for his restlessness and irritability".{{sfn|Stewart|2011|p=278}} Along with journals of his own, during the 1804 New York gubernatorial election, one of his enemies, James Cheetham, stated he had a list of "the top 20 prostitutes in New York City", all of whom mentioned they had Burr as a customer and favored him over the others.

Burr also fought against anti-immigrant sentiment, led by Hamilton's Federalist party, which suggested that anyone without English heritage was a second-class citizen and even challenged the rights of non-Anglos to hold office. In response, Burr insisted that anyone who contributed to society deserved all the rights of any other citizen, no matter their background.{{cite magazine |last=Wallace |first=Carey |date=April 14, 2016 |title=Forget Hamilton, Burr Is the Real Hero |url=https://time.com/4292836/forget-hamilton-burr-is-the-real-hero/ |access-date=June 2, 2022 |magazine=Time |language=en}}

John Quincy Adams wrote in his diary when Burr died: "Burr's life, take it all together, was such as in any country of sound morals his friends would be desirous of burying in quiet oblivion."{{sfn|Sharp|1993|p=262}} Adams' father, President John Adams, had frequently defended Burr during his life. At an earlier time, he wrote, Burr "had served in the army, and came out of it with the character of a knight without fear and an able officer".{{sfn|Adams|Adams|1856|p=123}}

Gordon S. Wood, a leading scholar of the revolutionary period, holds that it was Burr's character that put him at odds with the rest of the Founding Fathers, especially Madison, Jefferson and Hamilton. He believed that this led to his personal and political defeats and, ultimately, to his place outside the golden circle of revered revolutionary figures. Because of his habit of placing self-interest above the good of the whole, those men thought that Burr represented a serious threat to the ideals for which they had fought the revolution. Their ideal, as particularly embodied in Washington and Jefferson, was that of "disinterested politics",{{Cite web|last1=Wood|first1=Gordon S.|title=The Revenge of Aaron Burr|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1984/02/02/the-revenge-of-aaron-burr|date=February 2, 1984|access-date=March 20, 2025|via=The New York Review}} a government led by educated gentlemen. They would fulfill their duties in a spirit of public virtue and without regard to personal interests or pursuits. This was the core of an Enlightenment gentleman, and Burr's political enemies thought that he lacked that essential core. Hamilton thought that Burr's self-serving nature made him unfit to hold office, especially the presidency.{{sfn|Kennedy|2000|p=}} Hamilton believed it "a religious duty to oppose his career",{{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-12-02-0309|title=From Alexander Hamilton to --------|date=September 21, 1792|access-date=February 25, 2025}} as he wrote in 1792.

Although Hamilton considered Jefferson a political enemy, he also believed him a man of public virtue. Hamilton conducted an unrelenting campaign in the House of Representatives to prevent Burr's election to the presidency and gain election of his erstwhile enemy, Jefferson. Hamilton characterized Burr as exceedingly immoral, as well as "unprincipled & dangerous".{{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-25-02-0040|title=From Alexander Hamilton to James A. Bayard|date=August 6, 1800|access-date=February 26, 2025}} Hamilton deemed his political quest as one for "permanent power".{{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-25-02-0140|title=From Alexander Hamilton to Harrison Gray Otis|date=December 23, 1800|access-date=February 26, 2025}}{{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-25-02-0146|title=From Alexander Hamilton to James A. Bayard|date=December 27, 1800|access-date=February 26, 2025}} He contended that Burr cared little about the Constitution and predicted that if he gained any more power, his leadership would continue to be for personal gain, while Jefferson was a true patriot and public servant committed to preserving the Constitution.{{sfn|Ferling|2004|p=180}}

File:Aaron Burr, Vice-President, 1756-1836.jpg]]

File:burrdeathmask.jpg]]

Burr died in a boarding home known as St. James Hotel after suffering two strokes{{sfn|Chernow|2004|p=722}} in Port Richmond, New York, on Staten Island, on September 14, 1836, at age 80, the same day that his divorce was officially completed.{{cite web|title=Aaron Burr|website=American Battlefield Trust|url=https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/aaron-burr|access-date=February 26, 2025}} The house later became known as the St. James Hotel.{{sfn|Walsh|2009}}{{sfn|Nolan|1980|pp=41–43}} He was buried near his father's gravesite in Princeton, New Jersey.{{sfn|Beveridge|2000|p=538}}

{{clear}}

File:Aaron Burr bust.jpg]]

Although Burr is often remembered primarily for his duel with Hamilton, his establishment of guides and rules for the first impeachment trial set a high bar for behavior and procedures in the Senate chamber, many of which are followed today.{{Cite web|title=Aaron Burr|url=https://history.nycourts.gov/figure/aaron-burr|access-date=March 13, 2025|via=Historical Society of the Courts of New York}}{{Cite web|title=Aaron Burr|url=https://constitutionallawreporter.com/great-american-biographies/aaron-burr|access-date=March 13, 2025|via=Constitutional Law Reporter}}

Historian Nancy Isenberg, seeking to explain Burr's negative image in modern times, wrote that his portrayal as a villain is actually the result of a smear campaign invented by his political enemies centuries ago, and then disseminated in newspapers, pamphlets and personal letters during and after his lifetime. According to Isenberg, pop-cultural portraits of Burr have repeated these distortions, transforming him into the quintessential "bad guy" of early American history. Stuart Fisk Johnson describes Burr as progressive thinker and doer, a brave military patriot and brilliant lawyer who helped establish some of the physical infrastructure and guiding legal principles which helped in the founding of America.{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Stuart Fisk |date=February 3, 2017 |title=Defending the honor of Aaron Burr |language=en-US |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/defending-the-honor-of-aaron-burr/2017/02/03/d61d54ca-e826-11e6-903d-9b11ed7d8d2a_story.html |access-date=June 2, 2022 |issn=0190-8286}}

A lasting consequence of Burr's role in the election of 1800 was the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which changed how vice presidents were chosen. As was evident from the 1800 election, the situation could quickly arise where the vice president, as the defeated presidential candidate, could not work well with the president. The Twelfth Amendment required that electoral votes be cast separately for president and vice president.{{sfn|Bailey|2007|p=196}}

Burr is also sometimes seen as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, although this characterization is unusual.{{cite web |last=Bomboy |first=Scott |date=June 15, 2020 |title=How Aaron Burr changed the Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/how-aaron-burr-changed-the-constitution |access-date= |website=National Constitution Center |language=en}}

File:Leslie Odom, Jr., in Hamilton costume, July 2015.jpg as Burr in Hamilton]]

• Edward Everett Hale's 1863 story "The Man Without a Country" is about a fictional co-conspirator of Burr's in the Southwest and Mexico, who is placed in internal exile (in the custody of the United States Navy) for his crimes.{{cite book |last=Hale |first=Edward Everett |date=1889 |orig-year=1st pub. The Atlantic Monthly Dec. 1863 |title=The Man Without a Country: And Other Tales |url=https://archive.org/details/manwithoutcountr00haleuoft |location=Boston |publisher=Roberts Brothers }}
• Gore Vidal's Burr: A Novel (1973) is part of his Narratives of Empire series.{{cite book |last=Vidal |first=Gore |date=2011 |orig-year=1st pub. 1973 |title=Burr: A Novel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhwYjjgL6FcC |publisher=Knopf Doubleday |isbn=978-0307798411 }}
• PBS's American Experience episode "The Duel" (2000) chronicled the events that led to the Burr–Hamilton duel.{{sfn|PBS|2000}}
• Burr is a principal character in the 2015 biographical musical Hamilton, written by Lin-Manuel Miranda and inspired by historian Ron Chernow's 2004 biography of Hamilton.{{cite magazine |first=Gordon S. |last=Wood |title=Federalists on Broadway |magazine=New York Review of Books |date=January 14, 2016 |pages=10–13 |url=https://archive.org/stream/The_New_York_Review_of_Books_January_14_2016#page/n9/mode/2up }} Leslie Odom Jr. won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical for his portrayal of Aaron Burr on Broadway.{{Cite web|last1=Viagas|first1=Robert|title=Hamilton Tops Tony Awards With 11 Wins|url=https://www.playbill.com/article/tony-time-its-broadways-biggest-night|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130021429/http://www.playbill.com/article/tony-time-its-broadways-biggest-night|archive-date=January 30, 2017|access-date=March 24, 2025|via=Playbill|date=June 12, 2016}} Giles Terera portrayed Aaron Burr in the West End production, winning the Laurence Olivier Award in the same category.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2018/mar/06/olivier-awards-2018-complete-list-of-nominations|title=Olivier awards 2018: complete list of nominations|author=Guardian Stage|date=March 6, 2018|website=The Guardian|access-date=March 24, 2025}}
• In the alternative history anthology Alternate Presidents (1992) by Mike Resnick. "The War of '07" by Jayge Carr, Aaron Burr is elected the third president in 1800 against Thomas Jefferson, establishes an alliance with Napoleon Bonaparte, and creates a family dictatorship. Aaron Burr serves as president for nine terms until his death on September 14, 1836. His grandson and final vice president Aaron Burr Alston becomes the fourth president of the United States.

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist|20em}}

{{Refbegin|30em}}

• {{cite book |last1=Adams |first1=John |last2=Adams |first2=Charles Francis |date=1856 |title=The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States |volume=10 |chapter=To James Lloyd. Quincy, February 17, 1815 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFkSAAAAYAAJ |location=Boston, MA |publisher=Little, Brown and Co }}
• {{cite book |last=Adamson |first=Bruce Campbell |year=1988 |title=For Which We Stand: The Life and Papers of Rufus Easton |location=Aptos, CA |publisher=Self-published }}
• {{cite book |last=Allen |first=Oliver E. |title=The Tiger: The Rise and Fall of Tammany Hall |date=1993 |publisher=Addison-Wesley Publishing Company |isbn=0-201-62463-X |ref={{sfnref|Allen}} |url=https://archive.org/details/tigerrisefalloft00alle }}
• {{cite book |last=Bailey |first=Jeremy D. |year=2007 |title=Thomas Jefferson and Executive Power |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mWu7GGgkDJUC |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1139466295 }}
• {{cite journal |last=Baker |first=Thomas N. |date=Winter 2011 |title='An Attack Well Directed': Aaron Burr Intrigues for the Presidency |journal=Journal of the Early Republic |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=553–598 |doi=10.1353/jer.2011.0073 |jstor=41261652 |s2cid=144183161 }}
• {{cite book |last1=Berkin |first1=Carol |last2=Miller |first2=Christopher L. |last3=Cherny |first3=Robert W. |last4=Gormly |first4=James L. |last5=Egerton |first5=Douglas R. |last6=Woestman |first6=Kelly |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |orig-year=1st pub. Houghton Mifflin: 1995 |title=Making America: A History of the United States |edition=Brief 6th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPTszWPjenoC |location=Boston, MA |publisher=Wadsworth, Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1133317692 }}
• {{cite book |last=Beveridge |first=Albert J. |author-link=Albert J. Beveridge |title=The Life of John Marshall: Conflict and Construction 1800–1815 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mxVwPKOrvM4C&pg=PA538 |publisher=Beard Books |year=2000 |page=538 |isbn=978-1-58798-049-7 }}
• {{cite book |last=Beyer |first=Rick |title=Rivals Unto Death: Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZoLUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT163 |year=2017 |publisher=Hachette Books |isbn=978-0-316-50496-6 |page=163 }}
• {{cite journal |last=Bray |first=Samuel |year=2005 |title=Not Proven: Introducing a Third Verdict |ssrn=1339222 |journal=University of Chicago Law Review |volume=72 |issue=4 }}
• {{cite book |last=Brown |first=Maria Ward |date=1901 |title=The Life of Dan Rice |url=https://archive.org/details/lifedanrice00browgoog |location=Long Branch, NJ |publisher=Self-published }}
• {{cite web |last=Buescher |first=John |date=November 11, 2010 |title=Burr-Hamilton Duel |department=Ask a Historian |url=http://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/24404 |website=Teachinghistory.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029040148/http://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/24404 |archive-date=October 29, 2014 |url-status=live }}
• {{cite book |last=Burr |first=Aaron |title=Memoirs of Aaron Burr: With Miscellaneous Selections from His Correspondence |url=https://archive.org/details/memoirsaaronbur02davigoog |page=[https://archive.org/details/memoirsaaronbur02davigoog/page/n347 387] n.1 |year=1837 |editor-first=Matthew Livingston |editor-last=Davis |location=New York |publisher=Harper & Brothers }}
• {{cite book |last=Chernow |first=Ron |date=2004 |title=Alexander Hamilton |url=https://archive.org/details/alexanderhamilto00cher |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-1012-0085-8 }}
• {{cite book |last=Collins |first=Paul |date=2013 |title=Duel with the Devil |publisher=Crown }}
• {{cite book |last1=Daschle |first1=Tom |last2=Robbins |first2=Charles |date=2013 |title=The U.S. Senate: Fundamentals of American Government |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wDv_aGrY-GoC |location=New York |publisher=Thomas Dunne Books |isbn=978-1250027559 }}
• {{cite book |ref={{sfnref|Documents of the Senate of the State of New York|1902}} |year=1902 |title=Documents of the Senate of the State of New York |volume=9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LKIlAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA145 |location=Albany, NY |publisher=J. B. Lyon Company }}
• {{cite book |first1=Stanley |last1=Elkins |first2=Eric |last2=McKitrick |title=The Age of Federalism |year=1995 }}
• {{cite book |last=Ellis |first=Joseph J. |author-link=Joseph Ellis |date=2000 |title=Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation |location=New York |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0375405440 |title-link=Founding Brothers }}
• {{cite book |last=Fairfield |first=Jane |date=1860 |title=The Autobiography of Jane Fairfield |url=https://archive.org/details/autobiographyja00fairgoog |location=Boston |publisher=Bazin and Ellsworth }}
• {{cite book |last=Ferling |first=John |title=Adams vs. Jefferson: The Tumultuous Election of 1800 |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-516771-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/adamsvsjefferson00ferl }}
• {{cite book |last=Fleming |first=Thomas |year=1999 |title=Duel: Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr, and the Future of America |url=https://archive.org/details/duelalexanderham00flem |url-access=registration |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0465017379 }}
• {{cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Alexander |ref={{sfnref|Hamilton|1804a}} |title=Statement on Impending Duel with Aaron Burr (June 28 – July 10, 1804) |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-26-02-0001-0241 |website=Founders Online }}
• {{cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Alexander |ref={{sfnref|Hamilton|1804b}} |type=letter |title=To Elizabeth Hamilton from Alexander Hamilton, July 10, 1804 |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-26-02-0001-0262 |website=Founders Online }}
• {{cite book |first=Peter Charles |last=Hoffer |title=The Treason Trials of Aaron Burr |publisher=U. Press of Kansas |year=2008 }}
• {{cite news |last=Ip |first=Greg |title=Aaron Burr fans find unlikely ally in black descendant |date=October 5, 2005 |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05278/583086.stm |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203010900/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05278/583086.stm |archive-date=December 3, 2008 |url-status=live }}
• {{cite book |last=Isenberg |first=Nancy |title=Fallen Founder: The Life of Aaron Burr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PGeEPtjzzZkC&pg=PA76 |year=2007 |publisher=Penguin Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-101-20236-4 }}
• {{cite web |last1=Isenberg |first1=Nancy |last2=Burstein |first2=Andrew |date=January 4, 2011 |title=What Michele Bachmann doesn't know about history |url=http://www.salon.com/2011/01/04/burstein_isenberg_bachmann_bur/ |website=Salon.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211024848/http://www.salon.com/2011/01/04/burstein_isenberg_bachmann_bur/ |archive-date=December 11, 2014 |url-status=live }}
• {{cite encyclopedia |entry=Burr, Theodosia |ref={{sfnref|James|1971}} |editor1-last=James |editor1-first=Edward T. |editor2-last=James |editor2-first=Janet Wilson |editor3-last=Boyer |editor3-first=Paul S. |title=Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary |chapter-url={{GBurl|id=rVLOhGt1BX0C|p=270}} |year=1971 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-62734-5 |page=270 }}
• {{cite book |last=Kerber |first=Linda K. |date=1980 |orig-year=1st pub. 1970 |title=Federalists in Dissent: Imagery and Ideology in Jeffersonian America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LJw72zJZIYkC |location=New York |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=0801492122 }}
• {{cite journal |last=Kip |first=William Ingraham |author-link=William Ingraham Kip |title=Recollections of John Vanderlyn, the Artist |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9hEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA228 |volume=19 |date=February 1867 |publisher=Ticknor and Fields |location=Boston |journal=The Atlantic Monthly }}
• {{cite book |last=Koeppel |first=Gerard T. |author-link=Gerard T. Koeppel |title=Water for Gotham: A History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xPylbJLgq1UC&pg=PA183 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2001 |page=183 |isbn=0-691-08976-0 }}
• {{cite book |last=Lamb |first=Martha J. |date=1921 |orig-year=1st pub. A.S. Barnes: 1877 |title=History of the City of New York: Its Origin, Rise and Progress |volume=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=akbDVw0ZWBEC |location=New York |publisher=Valentine's Manual }}
• {{cite book |first=Alexander |last=Leitch |title=A Princeton Companion |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1978 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYR9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA261 |isbn=978-1400870011 }}
• {{cite book |last=Lomask |first=Milton |date=1979 |title=Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, 1756–1805 |volume=1 |location=New York |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux }}
• {{cite book |last=Lomask |first=Milton |date=1982 |title=Aaron Burr: The Conspiracy and Years of Exile, 1805–1836 |volume=2 |location=New York |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux }}
• {{cite journal |last=Maillard |first=Mary |date=2013 |title='Faithfully Drawn from Real Life': Autobiographical Elements in Frank J. Webb's The Garies and Their Friends |journal=Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography |volume=137 |number=3 |pages=261–300 |doi=10.5215/pennmaghistbio.137.3.0261 |jstor=10.5215/pennmaghistbio.137.3.0261 }}
• {{cite news |last=McDonald |first=Forrest |date=June 14, 1992 |title=The Senate Was Their Jury |department=Review |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/02/22/home/14653.html |newspaper=The New York Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210223604/http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/02/22/home/14653.html |archive-date=December 10, 2014 |url-status=live }}
• {{cite book |last=McFarland |first=Philip |date=1979 |title=Sojourners |location=New York |publisher=Atheneum }}
• {{cite journal |first=Brian Phillips |last=Murphy |title='A Very Convenient Instrument': The Manhattan Company, Aaron Burr, and the Election of 1800 |journal=William and Mary Quarterly |volume=65 |number=2 |year=2008 }}
• {{cite book |first=Gustavus |last=Myers |title=The History of Tammany Hall |publisher=Gustavus Myers |url=https://archive.org/details/historytammanyh03myergoog |page=[https://archive.org/details/historytammanyh03myergoog/page/n42 15] |year=1901 }}
• {{cite web |title=Vanderlyn, John |ref={{sfnref|National Gallery}} |work=National Gallery of Art |url=https://www.nga.gov/Collection/artist-info.1948.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118221712/https://www.nga.gov/Collection/artist-info.1948.html |archive-date=January 18, 2018 }}
• {{cite book |title=The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record |ref={{sfnref|New York Gen. & Bio. Record|1881}} |year=1881–1882 |publisher=New York Genealogical and Biographical Society |url=https://archive.org/stream/newyorkgenealog188182gree#page/28/mode/1up/ }}
• {{cite book |last=Newmyer |first=R. Kent |date=2012 |title=The Treason Trial of Aaron Burr: Law, Politics, and the Character Wars of the New Nation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=llFu_0WWllIC |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1107022188 }}
• {{cite book |last=Nolan |first=Charles J. |date=1980 |title=Aaron Burr and the American Literary Imagination |url=https://archive.org/details/aaronburramerica0000nola |url-access=registration |location=Westport, CT |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0313212567 }}
• {{cite web |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001133 |title=Burr, Aaron |date=n.d. |work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |author=Office of Art and Archives |publisher=U.S. Congress |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207221606/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001133 |archive-date=December 7, 2014 |url-status=live }}
• {{cite web |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/sumter-thomas |title=Thomas Sumter Jr. (1768–1840) |website=Office of the Historian |author=Bureau of Public Affairs |publisher=United States Department of State |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018072948/http://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/sumter-thomas |archive-date=October 18, 2012 }}
• {{cite book |last=Oppenheimer |first=Margaret |title=The Remarkable Rise of Eliza Jumel: A Story of Marriage and Money in the Early Republic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAGKCgAAQBAJ&pg=PP168 |year=2015 |publisher=Chicago Review Press |isbn=978-1-61373-383-7 }}
• {{cite book |last1=Parmet |first1=Herbert S. |last2=Hecht |first2=Marie B. |name-list-style=amp |date=1967 |title=Aaron Burr: Portrait of an Ambitious Man |url=https://archive.org/details/aaronburrportrai00parm |publisher=Macmillan }}
• {{cite book |last=Parton |first=James |date=1861 |title=The Life and Times of Aaron Burr |url=https://archive.org/details/lifetimesofaaron00part |page=[https://archive.org/details/lifetimesofaaron00part/page/124 124] |location=New York |publisher=Mason Brothers }}
• {{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/duel-events-leading-duel/ |author= |title=Timeline of Events leading up to the Duel – 1756–1804 |ref={{sfnref|PBS|2000}} |work=The American Experience: The Duel |publisher=PBS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024073643/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/duel/timeline/index.html |archive-date=October 24, 2014 |url-status=live }}
• {{cite book |first1=Michael Stokes |last1=Paulsen |first2=Luke |last2=Paulsen |title=The Constitution: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N9DGDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT53 |year=2017 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=9780465093298 }}
• {{cite book |last=Pickard |first=Samuel Thomas |title=Life and Letters of John Greenleaf Whittier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i44pAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA224 |year=1895 |publisher=The Riverside Press |location=Cambridge, MA }}
• {{cite book |last=Pickett |first=Albert James |date=1900 |orig-year=1st pub. Walker and James:1851 |title=History of Alabama |chapter=The Arrest of Aaron Burr in Alabama |pages=488–502 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/historyalabamaa00owengoog |location=Birmingham, AL |publisher=The Webb Book Co }}
• {{cite book |title=Aaron Burr: A Biography |year=1961 |first=Nathan |last=Schachner |url=https://www.fadedpage.com/books/20140826/html.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131332/http://www.fadedpage.com/books/20140826/html.php |archive-date=January 17, 2018 |publisher=A. S. Barnes |orig-year=1937 }}
• {{cite book |last=Sharp |first=James Roger |title=American Politics in the Early Republic: The New Nation in Crisis |url=https://archive.org/details/americanpolitics0000shar_g0z6 |url-access=registration |year=1993 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=0300065191 }}
• {{cite book |last=Sharp |first=James Roger |title=The Deadlocked Election of 1800: Jefferson, Burr, and the Union in the Balance |year=2010 }}
• {{cite book |last=Steiner |first=Bernard C. |title=The Life and Correspondence of James McHenry: Secretary of War under Washington and Adams |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeandcorrespo02steigoog |location=Cleveland, OH |publisher=Burrows Brothers |year=1907 }}
• {{cite book |last=Steiner |first=Dale R. |date=1987 |title=Of Thee We Sing: Immigrants and American History |url=https://archive.org/details/oftheewesingimmi00stei |url-access=registration |publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich |isbn=978-0155673854 }}
• {{cite book |last=Stewart |first=David O. |date=2011 |title=American Emperor: Aaron Burr's Challenge to Jefferson's America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9OqI4PYqtFEC |location=New York |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1439160329 }}
• {{cite book |title=The History of the Burr Portraits, Their Origin, Their Dispersal and Their Reassemblage |last=Stillwell |first=John E. |year=1928 |url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofburrpor00stil#page/66/mode/1up |publisher=New York? : s.n. }}
• {{cite book |last=Tisdale |first=Thomas |title=A Lady of the High Hills: Natalie Delage Sumter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E9oJWbRFHgsC |year=2001 |publisher=Univ. of South Carolina Press |isbn=978-1-57003-415-2 }}
• {{cite web |last=Walsh |first=Kevin |title=Port Richmond Avenue, Staten Island |website=Forgotten New York |url=http://forgotten-ny.com/2009/11/port-richmond-avenue-staten-island/ |date=November 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208224023/http://forgotten-ny.com/2009/11/port-richmond-avenue-staten-island/ |archive-date=December 8, 2014 |url-status=live }}
• {{cite book |last1=Wandell |first1=Samuel H. |last2=Minnigerode |first2=Meade |author-link2=Meade Minnigerode |date=1925 |title=Aaron Burr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIcGAQAAIAAJ |location=New York |publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons |isbn=9780403012633 }}
• {{cite book |editor-last=Ward |editor-first=Candace |date=2000 |title=New York City Museum Guide |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FuWKuHbWnvIC |location=New York |publisher=Dover Publications |isbn=978-0486410005 }}
• {{cite book |last=Weir |first=William |year=2003 |title=Written with Lead: America's Most Famous and Notorious Gunfights from the Revolutionary War to Today |publisher=Cooper Square Press |isbn=978-0-8154-1289-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/writtenwithleada0000weir }}
• {{cite journal |last=Williams |first=Edward G. |title=The Prevosts of the Royal Americans |journal=Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine |date=January 1973 |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=16–17 |type=PDF |url=https://journals.psu.edu/wph/article/download/3199/58417 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105070006/https://journals.psu.edu/wph/article/download/3199/58417 |archive-date=November 5, 2016 |access-date=May 21, 2019 }}
• {{cite book |editor-last=Winch |editor-first=Julie |last=Willson |first=Joseph |title=The Elite of Our People: Joseph Willson's Sketches of Black Upper-Class Life in Antebellum Philadelphia |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |year=2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W6VNGI_i17UC&pg=PA123 |isbn=0-271-04302-4 }}
• Wood, Gordon S. "The Real Treason of Aaron Burr." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 143.2 (1999): 280–295. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3181938 online]
• {{cite journal |title=Celebration of the Centenary of the Supreme Court of Louisiana |ref={{sfnref|Wymond|1921}} |orig-year=March 1, 1913 |editor1-first=John |editor1-last=Wymond |editor2-first=Henry Plauché |editor2-last=Dart |journal=The Louisiana Historical Quarterly |volume=4 |number=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KlsTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA113 |date=January 1921 |publisher=Louisiana Historical Society }}
• {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Burr, Aaron|volume=4|pages=861–862}}

{{Refend}}

{{refbegin|30em}}

• Alexander, Holmes Moss. Aaron Burr: The Proud Pretender. 1937; Reprinted by Greenwood-Heinemann Publishing, 1973.
• Brands, H. W. The Heartbreak of Aaron Burr (American Portraits Series) (2012).
• Cohalan, John P., The Saga of Aaron Burr. (1986)
• Künstler, Laurence S. The Unpredictable Mr. Aaron Burr (1974).
• Todd, Charles Burr. The True Aaron Burr: A Biographical Sketch (1902). New York, A.S. Barnes & Company. Available from Internet Archive.
• Vail, Philip. The Great American Rascal: The Turbulent Life of Aaron Burr (1973).

• Abernethy, Thomas Perkins. "Aaron Burr in Mississippi." Journal of Southern History 1949 15 (1): 9–21. {{ISSN|0022-4642}}
• Adams, Henry, History of the United States, vol. iii. New York, 1890. (For the traditional view of Burr's conspiracy.)
• {{cite web |last=Barbagallo |first=Tricia |url=http://www.archives.nysed.gov/apt/magazine/archivesmag_sum07.pdf |title=Fellow Citizens Read a Horrid Tale |date=March 10, 2007 |access-date=June 4, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090519202131/http://www.archives.nysed.gov/apt/magazine/archivesmag_sum07.pdf |archive-date=May 19, 2009 }}
• Faulkner, Robert K. "John Marshall and the Burr Trial". Journal of American History 1966 53(2): 247–258. {{ISSN|0021-8723}}
• Freeman, Joanne B. "Dueling as Politics: Reinterpreting the Burr-Hamilton Duel." William and Mary Quarterly 53(2) (1996): 289–318. {{ISSN|0043-5597}}
• Harrison, Lowell. 1978. "The Aaron Burr Conspiracy." American History I Illustrated 13:25.
• {{cite journal |last=Jillson |first=Willard Rouse |author-link=Willard Rouse Jillson |title=Aaron Burr's Trial for Treason, at Frankfort, 1806 |journal=Filson Club History Quarterly |volume=17 |issue=4 |date=October 1943 |url=http://connect1.ajaxdocumentviewer.com/viewerajax.php?u25%2BdyQVb%2BlQzXNACXanqUFdlY48tQzJqCJljjkNVHBXK0FcHH9qJKULtYd%2BTSgjDIaZkcBUb3jieTlnd5YjuYrCiQ18FpV7PRsNOEBPYbA9iNt8rHtHb10kCNIQfERmpmW6l5SibKBvb89PZxHmzlvzPdfyUdNpNzIZJi5hqtl4waZg0igZk48reBaSSWYtvcXBhCC1556tAw9UDRLYZuebXbZLiJ4bB7pXZ3rMZotUJf%2FHp9TEkA7wVO2uv5z5crX2UTCInFywbt9%2BNDf0VMHeE5baxDsrHgWQ72Ht4xvD2EJFgiTuElptTokoVGLmxcR6HNwlf7Tb56sAODUIyi0gEw3QSnSm0IW0qf%2FLai26aTBUZITdn%2Fzj3Is1r%2BPygAeiYeH5Gc4tWCotTI1Dem8jqkttkwK7ItYM%2BiYXyY8%3D |access-date=December 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502210611/http://connect1.ajaxdocumentviewer.com/viewerajax.php?u25+dyQVb+lQzXNACXanqUFdlY48tQzJqCJljjkNVHBXK0FcHH9qJKULtYd+TSgjDIaZkcBUb3jieTlnd5YjuYrCiQ18FpV7PRsNOEBPYbA9iNt8rHtHb10kCNIQfERmpmW6l5SibKBvb89PZxHmzlvzPdfyUdNpNzIZJi5hqtl4waZg0igZk48reBaSSWYtvcXBhCC1556tAw9UDRLYZuebXbZLiJ4bB7pXZ3rMZotUJf%2FHp9TEkA7wVO2uv5z5crX2UTCInFywbt9+NDf0VMHeE5baxDsrHgWQ72Ht4xvD2EJFgiTuElptTokoVGLmxcR6HNwlf7Tb56sAODUIyi0gEw3QSnSm0IW0qf%2FLai26aTBUZITdn%2Fzj3Is1r+PygAeiYeH5Gc4tWCotTI1Dem8jqkttkwK7ItYM+iYXyY8= |archive-date=May 2, 2012 |url-status=dead }}
• Larson, Edward J. A Magnificent Catastrophe: The Tumultuous Election of 1800, America's First Presidential Campaign. New York: Free Press, 2007.
• Melton, Buckner F. Jr. Aaron Burr: Conspiracy to Treason. New York: John Wiley, 2002. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120609150011/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=106265741 online edition]
• Rogow, Arnold A. A Fatal Friendship: Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr (1998).
• Rorabaugh, William J. "The Political Duel in the Early Republic: Burr v. Hamilton". Journal of the Early Republic 1995 15(1): 1–23. {{ISSN|0275-1275}}
• Wells, Colin. "Aristocracy, Aaron Burr, and the Poetry of Conspiracy". Early American Literature (2004).
• Wheelan, Joseph. Jefferson's Vendetta: The Pursuit of Aaron Burr and the Judiciary. New York: Carroll & Graff, 2005.

• Burr, Aaron. Political Correspondence and Public Papers of Aaron Burr. Mary-Jo Kline and Joanne W. Ryan, eds. 2 vol. Princeton University Press, 1983. 1311 pp.
• {{cite book |title=Nine Letters on the Subject of Aaron Burr's Political Defection: With an Appendix |url=https://archive.org/details/ninelettersonthe00cheerich |publisher=Denniston & Cheetham |date=1803 |language=en |first=James |last=Cheetham }}
• Ford, Worthington Chauncey. [http://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44806674.pdf "Some Papers of Aaron Burr"] Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 29#1: 43–128. 1919
• Robertson, David. Reports of the Trials of Colonel Aaron Burr (Late Vice President of the United States) for Treason and for Misdemeanor ... Two Volumes (1808) [https://archive.org/details/reportstrialsco00burrgoog online]
• Van Ness, William Peter. An Examination of the Various Charges Exhibited Against Aaron Burr, vice-president of the United States: and a Development of the Characters and Views of His Political Opponents. (1803) [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007675378 Available through Haithi Trust]
• {{cite journal |last=Wilson |first=Samuel M. |title=The Court Proceedings of 1806 in Kentucky Against Aaron Burr and John Adair |journal=Filson Club History Quarterly |volume=10 |issue=1 |date=January 1936 |url=http://connect1.ajaxdocumentviewer.com/viewerajax.php?2Kmzx5PiljgvFb5ujDx0LAQlWK7fPwPqRxJ9J9afjMN%2BjrTofiSg4gqyWuU%2BziBTo3EI%2B3IThrNLJgChMe5wvQkXcsiFfTy3oTjeDKk8%2BseirFtrQMcXnpiEN12KMmJpa2znSiVF%2FTbgvbL80szhKEAKJioNgE4zl5lGlwtChiLRTAzWgW2CD9eRBhDe5UWjzG2RqknMPG2f3SE6hQXg1D3NJBFtUdBaZukm2Jhy1T6EQPzohJd3eiT4m4UkL0ixNaVr7dJvC0rEidCIPIqhKaW36pGs1mvc6s6y7MXHAoe7rbUuYvn9eAY2o7%2BBcUe99DoRlmcgI07UWb33bjCjDurcMVEwQA4tSIX5p9dChIhwviqdIS2at01WyDTkzMeXa%2B45BWssQn9XBeAIz9ar9sh%2Bwl7QATuRt1Xyv%2FASf4o%3D |access-date=November 29, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425160803/http://connect1.ajaxdocumentviewer.com/viewerajax.php?2Kmzx5PiljgvFb5ujDx0LAQlWK7fPwPqRxJ9J9afjMN+jrTofiSg4gqyWuU+ziBTo3EI+3IThrNLJgChMe5wvQkXcsiFfTy3oTjeDKk8+seirFtrQMcXnpiEN12KMmJpa2znSiVF%2FTbgvbL80szhKEAKJioNgE4zl5lGlwtChiLRTAzWgW2CD9eRBhDe5UWjzG2RqknMPG2f3SE6hQXg1D3NJBFtUdBaZukm2Jhy1T6EQPzohJd3eiT4m4UkL0ixNaVr7dJvC0rEidCIPIqhKaW36pGs1mvc6s6y7MXHAoe7rbUuYvn9eAY2o7+BcUe99DoRlmcgI07UWb33bjCjDurcMVEwQA4tSIX5p9dChIhwviqdIS2at01WyDTkzMeXa+45BWssQn9XBeAIz9ar9sh+wl7QATuRt1Xyv%2FASf4o= |archive-date=April 25, 2012 }}

{{refend}}

{{sister project links|d=Q179090|c=Category:Aaron Burr|s=Author:Aaron Burr|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no|wikt=no}}

• {{Gutenberg author | id=2717| name=Aaron Burr}}
• {{Internet Archive author |sname=Aaron Burr}}
• [https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL3292822A Works] at [https://openlibrary.org Open Library]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070524062253/http://www.americanheritage.com/people/articles/web/20070522-aaron-burr-thomas-jefferson-alexander-hamilton-james-wilkinson-louisiana-territory-john-marshall-treason.shtml Did Aaron Burr Really Try to Take Over Half of America?]
• [http://www.aaronburrassociation.org/ The Aaron Burr Association]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120530182559/http://www.familytales.org/results.php?tla=aab Letters of Aaron Burr]
• [https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv282299 Aaron Burr papers] are archived at the American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming.

{{Navboxes

| title = Offices and distinctions

| list1 =

{{s-start}}

{{s-par|us-ny-hs}}

{{s-bef|before=Robert Harpur, Henry Hughes, John Lamb, William Malcom, Henry Rutgers, Isaac Sear, John Stagg, Peter P. Van Zandt, Marinus Willett}}

{{s-ttl|title=Member of the New York State Assembly
from New York County|alongside=William Denning, Daniel Dunscomb, William Goforth, John Laurance, Peter Van Brugh Livingston, Thomas Randall, Henry Remsen, Comfort Sands|years=1784–1785}}

{{s-aft|after=Evert Bancker, Robert Boyd, William Denning, William Duer, William Goforth, William Malcom, Isaac Sears, John Stagg, Robert Troup}}

{{s-legal}}

{{s-bef|before=Richard Varick}}

{{s-ttl|title=Attorney General of New York|years=1789–1791}}

{{s-aft|after=Morgan Lewis}}

{{s-par|us-sen}}

{{s-bef|before=Philip Schuyler}}

{{s-ttl|title=U.S. Senator (Class 1) from New York|alongside=Rufus King, John Laurance|years=1791–1797}}

{{s-aft|after=Philip Schuyler}}

{{s-ppo}}

{{s-bef|before=George Clinton^{{nobold|1}}}}

{{s-ttl|title=Democratic-Republican nominee for Vice President of the United States|years=1796, 1800^{{{nobold|2, 3}}}}}

{{s-aft|after=George Clinton}}

{{s-off}}

{{s-bef|before=Thomas Jefferson}}

{{s-ttl|title=Vice President of the United States|years=1801–1805}}

{{s-aft|after=George Clinton}}

{{s-ref|1=In 1792, with George Washington as the candidate favored to be elected president, the Democratic-Republican Party nominated George Clinton; their intention was that he be elected vice president. |2=Before passage of the Twelfth Amendment, in 1804, each presidential elector would cast two votes; the candidate who received a majority of votes would become president and the runner-up would become vice president. |3=Aaron Burr was a presidential candidate in the elections in 1796 and 1800, although the Democratic-Republican Party also nominated Thomas Jefferson; their intention was that Jefferson be elected president and Burr be elected vice president.}}

}}

{{Aaron Burr}}

{{Navboxes

|title=Articles related to Aaron Burr

|list1=

{{USVicePresidents}}

{{1796 United States presidential election}}

{{1800 United States presidential election}}

{{Unsuccessful major party VPOTUS candidates}}

{{Democratic-Republican Party}}

{{USSenNY}}

{{NYSAttorneyGeneral}}

{{Grand Sachem of Tammany Hall}}

{{BNY Mellon}}

}}

{{Portalbar|Biography|New Jersey|New York (state)|New York City|Politics}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Burr, Aaron}}

Category:1756 births

Category:1836 deaths

Category:18th-century American businesspeople

Category:18th-century American lawyers

Category:18th-century members of the New York State Legislature

Category:18th-century United States senators

Category:19th-century members of the New York State Legislature

Category:19th-century prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government

Category:19th-century vice presidents of the United States

Category:1800 United States vice-presidential candidates

Category:Abolitionists from New York City

Category:American billionaires

Category:American campaign managers

Category:American company founders

Category:American duellists

Category:American expatriates in England

Category:American people of English descent

Category:American revolutionaries

Category:Anti-Administration Party United States senators from New York (state)

Category:Burials at Princeton Cemetery

Aaron

Category:Candidates in the 1792 United States presidential election

Category:Candidates in the 1796 United States presidential election

Category:Candidates in the 1800 United States presidential election

Category:Candidates in the 1804 United States elections

Category:Continental Army officers from New Jersey

Category:Democratic-Republican Party United States senators from New York (state)

Category:Democratic-Republican Party vice presidents of the United States

Category:Leaders of Tammany Hall

Category:Litchfield Law School alumni

Category:Members of the New York State Assembly

Category:New York (state) lawyers

Category:New York State attorneys general

Category:People acquitted of treason

Category:People charged with murder

Category:People from colonial New Jersey

Category:Politicians from Newark, New Jersey

Category:Presbyterians from New Jersey

Category:Princeton University alumni

Category:United States senators who owned slaves

Category:Vice presidents of the United States

Category:Vice presidents of the United States who owned slaves