Abyssinian thrush
{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Abyssinian Thrush (Turdus abyssinicus) (16341647185).jpg
| image2 = Turdus abyssinicus - Abyssinian Thrush XC366683.mp3
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| taxon = Turdus abyssinicus
| authority = J. F. Gmelin, 1789
| synonyms = Turdus olivaceus abyssinicus
}}
The Abyssinian thrush (Turdus abyssinicus) is a passerine bird in the family Turdidae. It is also known as the African mountain thrush, or northern olive thrush The species was formerly treated as conspecific with the olive thrush (Turdus olivaceus) but the species were split based on the genetic differences. The ranges do not overlap. The Abyssinian thrush is found in Eritrea and other parts of the Horn of Africa, as well as an area to the southeast extending from the African Great Lakes region to north eastern Zambia and Malawi.{{Harvnb|Sinclair|Ryan|2003|p=440}}
Taxonomy
The Abyssinian thrush was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the thrushes in the genus Turdus and coined the binomial name Turdus abyssinicus.{{ cite book | last=Gmelin | first=Johann Friedrich | author-link=Johann Friedrich Gmelin| year=1788 | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=13th | volume=1, Part 2 | language=Latin | location=Lipsiae [Leipzig] | publisher=Georg. Emanuel. Beer | page= | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2656319 }}{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Paynter | editor2-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1964 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=10 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=182 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14486371 }} Gmelin based his description on "Merle brun d'Abissinie" that had been described in 1775 by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in his multi-volume work Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux.{{ cite book | last=Buffon | first=Georges-Louis Leclerc de | author-link=Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon | year=1775 | title=Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux | volume=3 | location=Paris | publisher=De l'Imprimerie Royale | page=407 | chapter=Le Merle brun d'Abissinie | language=French | chapter-url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k10697127/f483.item }}
The Abyssinian thrush was formerly usually considered to be conspecific with the olive thrush (Turdus olivaceus). The species were split based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2005 that compared mitochondrial DNA sequences.{{Cite journal | last1=Bowie | first1=R.C.K. | last2=Voelker | first2=G. | last3=Fjeldså | first3=J. | last4=Lens | first4=L. | last5=Hackett | first5=S.J. | last6=Crowe | first6=T.M. | date=2005 | title=Systematics of the olive thrush Turdus olivaceus species complex with reference to the taxonomic status of the endangered Taita thrush T. helleri | journal=Journal of Avian Biology | volume=36 | issue=5 | pages=391–404 | doi=10.1111/j.0908-8857.2005.03459.x | doi-access=}}{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2023 | title=Thrushes | work=IOC World Bird List Version 13.2 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/thrushes/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=15 August 2023 }}
Six subspecies are recognised:
- T. a. abyssinicus Gmelin, JF, 1789 – Eritrea and Ethiopia to north, west, central Kenya, extreme north Tanzania, north Uganda and Sudan
- T. a. deckeni Cabanis, 1868 – north to northeast Tanzania
- T. a. oldeani Sclater, WL & Moreau, 1935 – central north Tanzania
- T. a. bambusicola Neumann, 1908 – east DR Congo to southwest Uganda and northwest Tanzania
- T. a. baraka (Sharpe, 1903) – Virunga Volcanoes (east DR Congo) and southwest Uganda
- T. a. nyikae Reichenow, 1904 – east, south Tanzania, north Malawi and northeast Zambia
Description
Image:african mountain-thrush2.jpg, Ethiopia]]
It is {{convert|22|cm|in}} long. This variable forest thrush is generally darker than the African thrush and has an orange (not yellow) bill. It is also darker than the Kurrichane thrush and has no malar stripes. Generally the birds get darker at higher altitudes.
Distribution, habitat and habits
The Abyssinian thrush occurs in the highlands of eastern Africa from South Sudan south to northern Mozambique.{{cn|date=February 2025}}
Its habitat includes forests woodlands, exotic plantations, parks and gardens.{{cn|date=February 2025}}
This species is a typical member of the genus Turdus but its habits and biology have been little studied, as it was considered to be a subspecies of olive thrush.{{cite book | last1 = Clement | first1 = Peter | last2 = Hathway | first2 = Ren | last3 = Byers | first3 = Clive | last4 = Wiczur | first4 = Jan | year = 2000 | title = Thrushes | publisher = Christopher Helm | pages= 333–337 | isbn = 978-0713639407}}
References
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}
Works cited
- {{cite book|last1=Sinclair|first1=Ian|last2=Ryan|first2=Peter|year=2003|title=Birds of Africa south of the Sahara|publisher=Struik|location=Cape Town}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2225989}}