Access Software
{{Short description|American video game developer}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Indie Built, Inc.
| logo = Indie Built logo.png
| former_name = {{Unbulleted list|Access Software, Inc.|(1982–2000)|Salt Lake Games Studio|(2000–2003)|Indie Games|(2003–2004)}}
| type = Subsidiary
| industry = Video games
| fate = Dissolved
| founded = {{Start date and age|1982|11}}
| founders = {{Unbulleted list|Bruce Carver|Chris Jones}}
| defunct = {{End date|2006|05|01}}
| products = {{Unbulleted list|Beach Head series|Tex Murphy series|Links series|Top Spin series}}
| hq_location_city = Salt Lake City, Utah
| hq_location_country = US
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|Bruce Carver|(president; 1982–2003)|Chris Jones|(CFO; 1982–1999)|Steven D. ZoBell|(president; 2003–2006)}}
| parent = {{Unbulleted list|Microsoft|(1999–2000)|Microsoft Game Studios|(2000–2004)|Take-Two Interactive|(2004–2005)|2K|(2005–2006)}}
}}
Access Software, Inc. was an American video game developer based in Salt Lake City, Utah. Founded in November 1982 by Bruce Carver and Chris Jones, the company created the Beach Head, Links and Tex Murphy series, as well as Raid over Moscow. Access Software was acquired by Microsoft in April 1999, transitioning in name twice before being acquired by Take-Two Interactive in October 2004, receiving the name Indie Built. In January 2005, Access Software became part of Take-Two's 2K label. Following a poor financial performance at Take-Two, Indie Built was closed down in May 2006.
TruGolf, a company that develops indoor golf simulators, was formerly a subsidiary of Access Software based on the display technology they had made for the Links games and spun out to its own company during the Microsoft acquisition. Following the closure by Take-Two, many of the studio's developers went to TruGolf. Separately, Jones has established Big Finish Games to continue the Tex Murphy series.
History
= As Access Software (1982–1999) =
File:Access software logo from 1984.png
In 1982, Bruce Carver, an engineer for Salt Lake City-based company Redd Engineering, created a sprite-editing program called Spritemaster.{{Cite magazine |last=Yakal |first=Kathy |date=June 1986 |title=The Evolution of Commodore Graphics |url=https://archive.org/details/1986-06-computegazette/page/n35 |magazine=Compute!'s Gazette |pages=34–42 |access-date=2019-06-18}}{{cite magazine |title="See You on the Beach" |first=Mike |last=Bevan |magazine=Retro Gamer |issue=120 |publisher=Imagine Publishing |pages=58–63 | date = October 2013}} He presented the product to Steve Witzel, who operated Computers Plus, a retail computer store in Salt Lake City's Midvale suburb; Witzel provided Carver with several improvement suggestions for the program. After Carver had implemented these changes, he began selling them under the name "Access Software" through Computers Plus. The name was chosen Carver and some of his friends had searched through a dictionary, considering "Action Software" and "Center Soft" before sticking with "Access Software". In November that year, Carver, together with Chris Jones, incorporated Access Software with a starting capital of {{US$|25,000|link=yes}}.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/obituary-access-software-founder-bruce-carver |title=Obituary: Access Software Founder Bruce Carver |first=Simon |last=Carless |date=January 5, 2006 |website=Gamasutra |access-date=February 4, 2018}} In its early days, Access Software operated out of Carver's basement.
One of Access' key products were a series of sprite-based golfing games in the Links. In 1984, while there were other golf games on the market, most used a top-down approach, while Bruce Carver wanted to create a game that was shown from behind the golfer. With little artistic skill among their team, the developers set up a small studio in the basement, projecting frame-by-frame VHS footage of Roger Carver's golf swing onto a clear sheet, tracing his outline onto the sheets as to then convert them into sprites within the Commodore 64 system. This became the basis of Leader Board, the first game considered part of the Links series, and would establish the behind-the-golfer view for most other golf simulation games that followed. As Access continued to develop the Links games for computers, they established a subsidiary, TruGolf, that created golf simulators, with Roger Carver overseeing this division.
= As Salt Lake Games Studio and Indie Games (1999–2003) =
In April 1999, Access Software was acquired by Microsoft for an undisclosed sum. Microsoft sought to acquire Access to gain its Links series of golf games; Access had created Microsoft Golf as one of the first games to run within the Microsoft Windows operating system based on Links 386 Pro. According to Steve Witzel, Microsoft looked to acquire Access after USA Today reviewed both Microsoft Golf and Links and rated the latter much higher; Microsoft thought it would be easier to buy Access than try to compete. Microsoft desired to produce a high-end line of golf games based on Links with Access, while offering Microsoft Golf as lower-budget titles. With the acquisition, Access's principal offices remained in Salt Lake City.{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/1999/04/20/microsoft-buys-access |title=Microsoft Buys Access |author=JB |date=April 19, 1999 |website=IGN |access-date=February 4, 2018}}{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/130449/the_end_game_how_top_developers_.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512191721/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/130449/the_end_game_how_top_developers_.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 12, 2012 |title=The End Game: How Top Developers Sold Their Studios – Part One |first=Dan Lee |last=Rogers |date=March 3, 2004 |website=Gamasutra |access-date=February 4, 2018}} Access divested itself of the TruGolf division and made the company its own entity with Microsoft's purchase.
Upon the formation of Microsoft Game Studios (then called Microsoft Games) in 2000, Microsoft rebranded Access Software as Salt Lake Games Studio. Initially working on products to for the personal computer, Salt Lake City Studio transitioned to Xbox versions of Links as well as the Amped snowboarding and Top Spin tennis sports games, following the console's introduction in 2002.{{cite web | url = http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=4706 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050305035816/http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=4706 | url-status = dead | archive-date = March 5, 2005 | title = Take-Two Announces Profit, Xbox San Andreas, Indie Studios Acquisition | first = Simon | last =Carless | date = December 16, 2004 | access-date = March 29, 2019 | work = Gamasutra}}
In 2003, Microsoft rebranded Salt Like Games Studio as Indie Games. That year, Carver left the company to pursue new interests, eventually founding Carver Homes, a construction company, in 2004. He died from cancer on December 28, 2005.
= As Indie Built (2004–2006) =
Around 2004, Microsoft opted to leave the sports-game development market due to the impact of the Electronic Arts Sports (EA Sports) label, using their strength to produce sports-related games for the Xbox console. Microsoft had laid off about 76 employees with Microsoft Game Studios, and around August and September, sold Indie Games to Take-Two Interactive, who renamed the studio to Indie Built.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/take-two-helps-microsoft-get-out-of-sports-game/1100-6115224/ |title=Take-Two helps Microsoft get out of sports game |first=Curt |last=Feldman |date=December 16, 2004 |website=GameSpot |access-date=February 4, 2018}}{{cite web |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news171204taketwosports |title=Microsoft sells off sports game studio to Take Two |author=GamesIndustry International |date=December 17, 2004 |website=Eurogamer |access-date=February 4, 2018}}{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2004/12/17/take-two-picks-up-amped-team |title=Take-Two Picks Up Amped Team |first=David |last=Adams |date=December 17, 2004 |website=IGN |access-date=February 4, 2018}} Take-Two had been keen on challenging the dominance of EA Sports, and its acquisition of Indie Built was among {{USD|80 million}} it had spent through 2005 acquiring developers. In early 2005, Take-Two Interactive established the publishing label 2K, which would henceforth manage their development studios for sports games, including Indie Built.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/take-two-acquires-visual-concepts-announces-2k-games-brand |title=Take-Two Acquires Visual Concepts, Announces 2K Games Brand |first=David |last=Jenkins |date=January 25, 2005 |website=Gamasutra |access-date=February 3, 2018}}
While part of Take-Two, Indie Built created sequels for Amped and Top Spin, but these titles were not strong successes. Take-Two's 2006 fiscal year was poor as the company was dealing with both Security and Exchange Commission investigations related to its past reporting, and harsh criticism for the Hot Coffee mod as part of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas.{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/take-2-forced-to-shut-internal-development-studio |title=Take 2 forced to shut internal development studio |first=Paul |last=Loughrey |date=May 2, 2006 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |access-date=February 4, 2018}}{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2006/05/03/take-two-shutters-indie-built-dev-studio/ |title=Take-Two shutters Indie Built dev studio |first=Christopher |last=Grant |date=May 3, 2006 |website=Engadget |access-date=February 4, 2018}} Indie Built was closed in May 2006 by Take-Two as part of a re-alignment of their business strategy to overcome the weak fiscal year.{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/01/take-two-closes-indie-built |title=Take-Two Closes Indie Built |first=Daemon |last=Hatfield |date=May 1, 2006 |website=IGN |access-date=February 4, 2018}}{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/indie-built-corporately-dismantled/1100-6148649/ |title=Indie Built corporately dismantled |last=Sinclair |first=Brendan |date=May 1, 2006 |website=GameSpot |access-date=September 21, 2017}}
Following Indie Built's closure, most of the employees transitioned to TruGolf, helping to improve the golf simulations. Additionally, Jones and Conners established Big Finish Games in 2007, where they planned to continue more narrative games, including expanding the Tex Murphy series.
Games developed
| class="wikitable sortable" |
| Year
! Title |
|---|
| rowspan="2" | 1983
| Neutral Zone |
| Beach Head |
| rowspan="3" | 1984 |
| Ollie's Follies |
| Raid over Moscow |
| 1985 |
| rowspan="3" | 1986 |
| Leader Board: Executive Edition |
| 10th Frame |
| rowspan="3" | 1987 |
| World Class Leader Board |
| Echelon |
| 1988 |
| 1989 |
| rowspan="3" | 1990
| Crime Wave |
| Countdown |
| Links: The Challenge of Golf |
| 1991 |
| rowspan="3" | 1992 |
| Links 386 Pro |
| Microsoft Golf |
| 1993 |
| 1994 |
| rowspan="2" | 1995 |
| Microsoft Golf 2.0 |
| rowspan="3" | 1996 |
| The Pandora Directive |
| Microsoft Golf 3.0 |
| rowspan="2" | 1997 |
| Links LS 1998 |
| 1998 |
| rowspan="2" | 1999 |
| Links LS 2000 |
| rowspan="3" | 2000 |
| Links LS Classic |
| Links 2001 |
| rowspan="1" | 2001 |
| rowspan="1" | 2002 |
| rowspan="4" | 2003 |
| Inside Pitch 2003 |
| Amped 2 |
| Top Spin |
| 2005
| Amped 3 |
| 2006 |
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961023171542/http://www.accesssoftware.com/|title=Official website of Access Software|date=October 23, 1996}}
- {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050227030637/http://www.indiebuilt.com:80/|title=Official website of Indie Built|date=February 27, 2005}}
{{Access Software}}
{{Take-Two Interactive}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:1982 establishments in Utah
Category:2006 disestablishments in Utah
Category:American companies disestablished in 2006
Category:American companies established in 1982
Category:Companies based in Salt Lake City
Category:Defunct companies based in Utah
Category:Defunct video game companies of the United States
Category:Take-Two Interactive divisions and subsidiaries
Category:Video game companies disestablished in 2006