2K (company)

File:2K 2005 Logo.svg

On January 24, 2005, Take-Two Interactive announced its acquisition of Visual Concepts, the developer of sports video game series like NBA 2K, NHL 2K, and MLB 2K. Take-Two paid Sega {{US$|24 million}} for the studio, including its Kush Games subsidiary and the intellectual property of the 2K series.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/sega-officially-out-of-the-sports-game/1100-6117016/ |title=Sega officially out of the sports game |first=Curt |last=Feldman |date=January 24, 2005 |website=GameSpot |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=October 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034622/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/sega-officially-out-of-the-sports-game/1100-6117016/ |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/01/25/take-two-buys-visual-concepts |title=Take Two Buys Visual Concepts |first=David |last=Adams |date=January 24, 2005 |website=IGN |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=June 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602004045/https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/01/25/take-two-buys-visual-concepts |url-status=live}} On the following day, the company established the 2K publishing label, consisting of the sub-labels 2K Games and 2K Sports, with the latter focusing on sports games.{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/a-terrible-decision-created-mlb-2k-but-it-also-brought-5912820 |title=A Terrible Decision Created MLB 2K—But It Also Brought Us BioShock |first=Owen |last=Good |date=May 23, 2012 |website=Kotaku |access-date=August 27, 2019 |archive-date=August 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827091015/https://kotaku.com/a-terrible-decision-created-mlb-2k-but-it-also-brought-5912820 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/01/25/take-two-opens-2k-games |title=Take-Two Opens 2K Games |first=Jon |last=Robinson |date=January 25, 2005 |website=IGN |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816235628/https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/01/25/take-two-opens-2k-games |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/take-two-pitches-new-label-sports-high-on-the-agenda/1100-6117027/ |title=Take-Two pitches new label; sports high on the agenda |first=Beth |last=Winegarner |date=January 25, 2005 |website=GameSpot |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=February 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218024308/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/take-two-pitches-new-label-sports-high-on-the-agenda/1100-6117027/ |url-status=live}} Visual Concepts and Kush Games, alongside Indie Built, Venom Games, PopTop Software, and Frog City Software, became studios of the new label, which also absorbed the staff of Take-Two Licensing.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/take-two-acquires-visual-concepts-announces-2k-games-brand |title=Take-Two Acquires Visual Concepts, Announces 2K Games Brand |first=David |last=Jenkins |date=January 25, 2005 |website=Gamasutra |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816235629/https://gamasutra.com/view/news/95818/TakeTwo_Acquires_Visual_Concepts_Announces_2K_Games_Brand.php |url-status=live}} In January 2006, the administration and marketing portions of 2K's New York City offices were heavily damaged by a five-alarm fire.{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/01/23/2k-games-office-damaged-in-fire |title=2K Games Office Damaged in Fire |first=David |last=Adams |date=January 23, 2006 |website=IGN |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816235627/https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/01/23/2k-games-office-damaged-in-fire |url-status=live}} In June 2007, the company closed these offices and relocated to Novato, California, bringing it closer to Visual Concepts.{{cite web |url=https://www.shacknews.com/article/47449/2k-games-closes-nyc-office |title=2K Games Closes NYC Office, Heads West |first=Nick |last=Breckon |date=June 15, 2007 |website=Shacknews |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=February 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204070416/http://www.shacknews.com/article/47449/2k-games-closes-nyc-office |url-status=live}} A third sub-label, 2K Play, was established with a focus on casual games in September 2007, with Take-Two announcing a partnership with Nickelodeon for licensed games based on the latter's TV shows.{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/09/10/take-two-plays-with-nickelodeon |title=Take-Two Plays with Nickelodeon |first=Daemon |last=Hatfield |date=September 10, 2007 |website=IGN |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816235636/https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/09/10/take-two-plays-with-nickelodeon |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/nickelodeon-enters-agreement-with-new-2k-play-label |title=Nickelodeon enters agreement with new 2K Play label |first=Mark |last=Androvich |date=September 10, 2007 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816235631/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/nickelodeon-enters-agreement-with-new-2k-play-label |url-status=live}} 2K Play therein also absorbed all assets of Take-Two's budget-range publisher Global Star Software, including the studio Cat Daddy Games, the game Carnival Games, and games based on Deal or No Deal.{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2007/09/take-two-partners-with-nickelodeon-launches-casual-game-label-2k-play/ |title=Take-Two partners with Nickelodeon, launches casual game label 2K Play |first=Ben |last=Kuchera |date=September 10, 2007 |website=Ars Technica |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=February 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204070328/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2007/09/take-two-partners-with-nickelodeon-launches-casual-game-label-2k-play/ |url-status=live}} In January 2013, 2K obtained the rights to publish video games based on the professional wrestling company WWE.{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2013/01/23/wwe-video-game-license-to-be-acquired-by-take-two |title=WWE Video Game License to be Acquired by Take Two |first=Richard |last=George |date=January 23, 2013 |website=IGN |access-date=January 26, 2013 |archive-date=January 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126060249/http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/01/23/wwe-video-game-license-to-be-acquired-by-take-two |url-status=live}}

Christoph Hartmann, 2K's president, announced his resignation in May 2017.{{cite magazine |url=https://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2017/05/04/president-of-2k-games-leaves-company.aspx |title=President Of 2K Games Christoph Hartmann Leaves Company |first=Brian |last=Shea |date=May 4, 2017 |magazine=Game Informer |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816235635/https://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2017/05/04/president-of-2k-games-leaves-company.aspx |url-status=live}} He had worked for Take-Two for roughly twenty years but did not state a reason for his departure.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-05-04-2k-president-christoph-hartmann-departs |title=2K president Christoph Hartmann departs |first=Christopher |last=Dring |date=May 4, 2017 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816235636/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-05-04-2k-president-christoph-hartmann-departs |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2017/05/04/2k-games-president-christoph-hartmann-leaves-company |title=2K Games President Christoph Hartmann Leaves Company |first=Jonathon |last=Dornbush |date=May 4, 2017 |website=IGN |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816235627/https://www.ign.com/articles/2017/05/04/2k-games-president-christoph-hartmann-leaves-company |url-status=live}} He was succeeded by David Ismailer, previous chief operating officer (COO), later that month.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/take-two-appoints-david-ismailer-as-president-of-2k-games |title=Take-Two appoints David Ismailer as president of 2K Games |first=Chris |last=Kerr |date=May 31, 2017 |website=Gamasutra |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816235636/https://gamasutra.com/view/news/299055/TakeTwo_appoints_David_Ismailer_as_president_of_2K_Games.php |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-05-31-david-ismailer-steps-in-as-new-2k-president |title=David Ismailer steps in as new 2K president |first=Matthew |last=Handrahan |date=May 31, 2017 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816235627/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-05-31-david-ismailer-steps-in-as-new-2k-president |url-status=live}} The COO role was filled by Phil Dixon, formerly of Betfair, in November 2017, while Melissa Bell was hired as senior vice president and head of global marketing in April 2018.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-07-23-2ks-light-slate-belies-bigger-ambitions |title=2K's light slate belies bigger ambitions |first=Brendan |last=Sinclair |date=July 23, 2018 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=November 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114224655/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-07-23-2ks-light-slate-belies-bigger-ambitions |url-status=live}} In September 2018, 2K announced 2K Foundations, a program that would "support underserved communities across the nation by refurbishing basketball courts in neighborhoods that need them the most". Microsoft partnered with 2K to establish gaming stations fitted with Xbox One S consoles at these courts. 2K Foundations planned to refurbish twelve basketball courts in several cities across the United States (including Cincinnati, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Cleveland) within its first year.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-09-26-2k-foundations-to-provide-sporting-and-stem-education-facilities-in-us-cities |title=2K Foundations to provide basketball and STEM education facilities in US cities |first=Matthew |last=Handrahan |date=September 26, 2018 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816201158/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-09-26-2k-foundations-to-provide-sporting-and-stem-education-facilities-in-us-cities |url-status=live}}{{cite magazine |url=https://www.gameinformer.com/2018/09/25/2k-foundations-started-to-help-communities-through-basketball |title=2K Foundations Started To Help Communities Through Basketball |first=Matthew |last=Kato |date=September 25, 2018 |magazine=Game Informer |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=December 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226035535/https://www.gameinformer.com/2018/09/25/2k-foundations-started-to-help-communities-through-basketball |url-status=live}}

In March 2021, 2K acquired HB Studios, which had previously developed The Golf Club 2019 featuring PGA Tour and PGA Tour 2K21 for the company. The acquisition includes the rights to the Golf Club series, which had been relaunched as the PGA Tour 2K series through a license from the PGA Tour.{{cite web |url=https://www.vg247.com/2021/03/16/pga-tour-2k-21-tiger-woods-2k-golf-deal/ |title=2K signs exclusive PGA Tour deal with Tiger Woods, acquires PGA Tour 2K21 studio |first=Stephany |last=Nunneley |date=March 16, 2021 |website=VG247 |access-date=March 16, 2021 |archive-date=March 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316132327/https://www.vg247.com/2021/03/16/pga-tour-2k-21-tiger-woods-2k-golf-deal/ |url-status=live}} Additionally, 2K announced it had secured a contract with Tiger Woods, who had previously been a key figure for Electronic Arts' PGA Tour series, as an executive director and consultant for future PGA Tour 2K games, as well as his likeness for the games.{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/2k-signs-tiger-woods-buys-the-studio-behind-pga-tour-2-1846485059 |title=2K Signs Tiger Woods, Buys The Studio Behind PGA Tour 2K21 |first=Mike |last=Fahey |date=March 16, 2021 |website=Kotaku |access-date=March 16, 2021 |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428205116/https://kotaku.com/2k-signs-tiger-woods-buys-the-studio-behind-pga-tour-2-1846485059 |url-status=live}} Later that month, 2K bought HookBang's games division in Austin, Texas, which had supported work on the NBA 2K series in the past. The studio was relocated to a new Austin location and rebranded as Visual Concepts Austin.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-03-23-2k-acquires-hookbang-games-business |title=2K acquires HookBang games business |first=Brendan |last=Sinclair |date=March 23, 2021 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |access-date=March 23, 2021 |archive-date=March 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323180722/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-03-23-2k-acquires-hookbang-games-business |url-status=live}} In September 2022, 2K's customer support team was hacked, with certain user data stolen and put on sale.{{cite web |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/rockstar-owner-take-twos-hacking-woes-continue-as-2k-confirm-attack-on-their-support-service |title=Rockstar owner Take-Two's hacking woes continue as 2K confirm attack on their support service |first=CJ |last=Wheeler |date=September 21, 2022 |website=Rock Paper Shotgun |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012132548/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/rockstar-owner-take-twos-hacking-woes-continue-as-2k-confirm-attack-on-their-support-service |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2k-confirms-user-data-stolen-and-placed-on-sale-after-recent-security-breach |title=2K confirms user data stolen and placed on sale after recent security breach |first=Graham |last=Smith |date=October 11, 2022 |website=Rock Paper Shotgun |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012132550/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2k-confirms-user-data-stolen-and-placed-on-sale-after-recent-security-breach |url-status=live}}

• 2K Madrid in Madrid, Spain; founded in June 2021.{{cite web |url=https://2kmadrid.com/ |title=Home |publisher=2K Madrid |access-date=December 5, 2022 |archive-date=April 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401064314/https://2kmadrid.com/ |url-status=live}}
• 2K Chengdu in Chengdu, China; founded in June 2011.{{cite web |url=http://www.2kchina.com/en/content/2k-chengdu |title=2K Chengdu |publisher=2K China |archive-date=October 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003172805/http://www.2kchina.com/en/content/2k-chengdu |url-status=dead}}
• 2K Sports Lab in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; founded in October 2023.{{cite web |url= https://sportslab.2k.com/ |title=2K Sports Lab |publisher=2K Sports Lab }}
• 2K Vegas in Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.; founded in 2006 as 2K West, rebranded in 2013.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2012-11-07-take-two-moving-qa-to-nevada |title=Take-Two moving QA studio to Nevada |first=Brendan |last=Sinclair |date=November 7, 2012 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |access-date=August 27, 2019 |archive-date=August 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827090540/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2012-11-07-take-two-moving-qa-to-nevada |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://2kvegas.com/ |title=About |publisher=2K Vegas |access-date=August 27, 2019 |archive-date=September 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922002354/https://2kvegas.com/ |url-status=live}}
• 2K Valencia in Valencia, Spain; founded in 2005 as Elite3D; acquired in November 2021.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/2k-acquires-elite3d |title=2K acquires Elite3D |first=Brendan |last=Sinclair |date=November 9, 2021 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |access-date=February 5, 2024}}
• 31st Union in San Mateo, California, U.S. and Valencia, Spain; founded in 2019 as 2K Silicon Valley, rebranded in 2020.{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2019/2/4/18210572/2k-games-silicon-valley-michael-condrey |title=2K opens new studio led by Sledgehammer Games co-founder |first=Michael |last=McWhertor |date=February 4, 2019 |website=Polygon |access-date=August 27, 2019 |archive-date=August 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827090545/https://www.polygon.com/2019/2/4/18210572/2k-games-silicon-valley-michael-condrey |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/2ks-new-31st-union-studio-is-making-an-ambitious-and-inspired-new-ip/ |title=2K's new 31st Union studio is making an 'ambitious and inspired original IP' |first=Tom |last=Ivan |date=February 11, 2020 |website=Video Games Chronicle |access-date=February 11, 2020 |archive-date=April 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427160108/https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/2ks-new-31st-union-studio-is-making-an-ambitious-and-inspired-new-ip/ |url-status=live}}
• Cat Daddy Games in Kirkland, Washington, U.S.; founded in 1996, acquired in 2003.{{cite web |url=http://www.catdaddy.com/about.html |title=About |publisher=Cat Daddy Games |access-date=August 27, 2019 |archive-date=January 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111082211/http://www.catdaddy.com/about.html |url-status=dead}}
• Cloud Chamber in Novato, California, U.S. and Montreal, Canada; founded in 2019.{{cite web |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2019-12-09-bioshock-in-development-at-new-2k-studio-cloud-chamber |title=New BioShock game announced, still "several" years away |first=Tom |last=Phillips |date=December 9, 2019 |website=Eurogamer |access-date=December 9, 2019 |archive-date=September 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918181637/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2019-12-09-bioshock-in-development-at-new-2k-studio-cloud-chamber |url-status=live}}
• Firaxis Games in Hunt Valley, Maryland, U.S.; founded in 1996, acquired in 2005.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/take-two-acquires-firaxis-games |title=Take-Two Acquires Firaxis Games |first=Simon |last=Carless |date=November 7, 2005 |website=Gamasutra |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816235633/https://gamasutra.com/view/news/98052/TakeTwo_Acquires_Firaxis_Games.php |url-status=live}}
• Hangar 13 in Novato, California, U.S., Brno and Prague, Czech Republic, and Brighton, England; founded in 2014.{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/how-the-makers-of-mafia-iii-lost-their-way-1825242177 |title=How The Makers Of Mafia III Lost Their Way |first=Jason |last=Schreier |author-link=Jason Schreier |date=April 13, 2018 |website=Kotaku |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=April 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413232722/https://kotaku.com/how-the-makers-of-mafia-iii-lost-their-way-1825242177 |url-status=live}}
• HB Studios in Lunenberg, Nova Scotia, Canada; founded in 2000, acquired in 2021.
• Visual Concepts in Novato, California, U.S.; founded in 1988, acquired in 2005.{{cite web |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2796233-inside-nba2ks-journey-to-the-top-of-sports-gaming |title=Inside NBA 2K's Journey to the Top of Sports Gaming |first=Patrick |last=Hruby |date=September 18, 2018 |website=Bleacher Report |access-date=December 10, 2018 |archive-date=December 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214065406/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2796233-inside-nba2ks-journey-to-the-top-of-sports-gaming |url-status=live}}
• Gearbox Software in Frisco, Texas, U.S.; founded in 1999, acquired in 2024.{{Cite web |last=Carcasole |first=David |date=2024-06-12 |title=Take-Two Now Officially Owns Gearbox Entertainment As Acquisition Closes |url=https://www.psu.com/news/take-two-now-officially-owns-gearbox-entertainment-as-acquisition-completes/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=PlayStation Universe |language=en-US}}
• Gearbox Studio Montreal in Montreal, Canada; acquired in 2024.
• Gearbox Studio Québec in Québec City, Canada; acquired in 2024.
• Mass Media in Moorpark, California, U.S.; founded in the 1980s, acquired in 2018.https://www.linkedin.com/company/mass-media

• 2K Australia in Canberra, Australia; founded in 2000, acquired in 2006, closed in 2015.{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2015/4/15/8425885/2k-australia-closing |title=2K Australia is shutting down |first=Samit |last=Sarkar |date=April 15, 2015 |website=Polygon |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=July 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702065118/https://www.polygon.com/2015/4/15/8425885/2k-australia-closing |url-status=live}}
• 2K China in Shanghai, China; founded in May 2006, closed in November 2015.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/e3-take-two-interactive-establishes-2k-shanghai-studio |title=E3: Take-Two Interactive Establishes 2K Shanghai Studio |first=Simon |last=Carless |date=May 9, 2006 |website=Gamasutra |access-date=September 22, 2019 |archive-date=September 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922152153/https://gamasutra.com/view/news/100197/E3_TakeTwo_Interactive_Establishes_2K_Shanghai_Studio.php |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/borderlands-online-canceled-developer-shuttered/1100-6432074/ |title=Borderlands Online Canceled, Developer Shuttered |first=Eddie |last=Makuch |date=November 6, 2015 |website=GameSpot |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=February 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204123947/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/borderlands-online-canceled-developer-shuttered/1100-6432074/ |url-status=live}}
• 2K Czech in Brno, Czech Republic; founded in 1997, acquired in 2008, merged into Hangar 13 in 2017.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-01-04-have-you-seen-these-studios |title=Have you seen these studios? |first=Brendan |last=Sinclair |date=January 4, 2018 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |access-date=August 27, 2019 |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224173521/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-01-04-have-you-seen-these-studios |url-status=live}}
• 2K Hangzhou in Hangzhou, China; founded in 2007, closed in November 2016.{{cite web |url=http://www.2kchina.com/en/content/2k-hangzhou |title=2K Hangzhou |publisher=2K China |archive-date=October 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003172805/http://www.2kchina.com/en/content/2k-hangzhou |url-status=dead}}
• 2K Los Angeles in Camarillo, California, U.S.; founded as Kush Games in 1998, acquired in 2005, closed in 2008.{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/every-game-studio-thats-closed-down-since-2006-5876693 |title=Every Game Studio That's Closed Down Since 2006 |first=Luke |last=Plunkett |date=January 16, 2012 |website=Kotaku |access-date=August 27, 2019 |archive-date=June 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602002549/https://kotaku.com/every-game-studio-thats-closed-down-since-2006-5876693 |url-status=live}}
• 2K Marin in Novato, California, U.S.; founded in 2007, closed in 2013.{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/2007/12/rumor-roundup-w-2/ |title=Rumor Roundup: What's Up With 2K Marin And BioShock |first=Chris |last=Kohler |date=December 17, 2007 |magazine=Wired |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224173518/https://www.wired.com/2007/12/rumor-roundup-w-2/ |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/sources-the-new-bioshock-has-been-in-the-works-for-yea-1840314561 |title=Sources: The New BioShock Has Been In The Works For Years |first=Jason |last=Schreier |author-link=Jason Schreier |date=December 9, 2019 |website=Kotaku |access-date=December 10, 2019 |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210133535/https://kotaku.com/sources-the-new-bioshock-has-been-in-the-works-for-yea-1840314561 |url-status=live}}
• Frog City Software in San Francisco, U.S.; founded in 1994, acquired in 2003, closed in 2006.{{cite web |url=http://www.sidecarstudios.com/about.html |title=History |first=Rachel |last=Bernstein |author-link=Rachel Bernstein |date=2007 |publisher=Sidecar Studios |access-date=August 27, 2019 |archive-date=March 20, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320225535/http://www.sidecarstudios.com/about.html |url-status=live}}
• Indie Built in Salt Lake City, U.S.; founded as Access Software in 1982, acquired and renamed in 2004, closed in 2006.
• Irrational Games in Westwood, Massachusetts, U.S.; founded in 1997, acquired in 2006, closed in 2017 and succeeded by Ghost Story Games.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/former-bioshock-studio-irrational-games-adopts-a-n/1100-6448166/ |title=Former BioShock Studio Irrational Games Adopts A New Name |first=Chris |last=Pereira |date=February 23, 2017 |website=GameSpot |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=September 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910040642/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/former-bioshock-studio-irrational-games-adopts-a-n/1100-6448166/ |url-status=live}}
• PAM Development in Paris, France; founded in 1995, acquired in 2005, closed in 2008.
• PopTop Software in Fenton, Missouri, U.S.; founded in 1993, acquired in 2000, merged into Firaxis Games in 2006.{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/poptop-folded-into-firaxis/1100-6145569/ |title=PopTop folded into Firaxis? |first=Tor |last=Thorsen |date=March 7, 2006 |website=GameSpot |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-date=September 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922002726/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/poptop-folded-into-firaxis/1100-6145569/ |url-status=live}}
• Venom Games in Newcastle upon Tyne, England; founded in 2003, acquired in 2004, closed in 2008.{{cite magazine |url=https://www.mcvuk.com/venom-games-to-close/ |title=Venom Games to close? |date=July 2, 2008 |magazine=MCV |access-date=August 18, 2019 |archive-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124154443/https://www.mcvuk.com/development-news/venom-games-to-close/ |url-status=live}}

{{Main|List of 2K games}}

• BioShock (since 2007)
• Borderlands (since 2009)
• Civilization (since 2005)
• Mafia (since 2010)
• X-COM (since 2012)
• NBA 2K (since 2005)
• PGA Tour 2K (since 2018)
• WWE 2K (since 2013)
• Top Spin (2005–2011, since 2024)

• College Hoops 2K (2005–2007)
• College Hoops 2K6
• College Hoops 2K7
• College Hoops 2K8
• MLB 2K (2005–2013)
• NHL 2K (2005–2014)

2K released its own game launcher for computer users in 2022 atop quality of life updates to games in the BioShock series, which gave the player the ability to buy add on content for games. The addition of the launcher was criticized as it broke these games on Linux, including on the Steam Deck.{{Cite news |last=Wolens |first=Joshua |date=2022-09-05 |title=2K's 'quality of life' change for BioShock is that Linux users can't play it anymore |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/2ks-quality-of-life-change-for-bioshock-is-that-linux-users-cant-play-it-anymore/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |work=PC Gamer |language=en}} Future releases from 2K also used the launcher, and in the case of Marvel's Midnight Suns, players discovered the launcher was impacting the game's performance. {{Cite news |date=2022-12-14 |title=Marvel's Midnight Suns PC users are bypassing the 2K Launcher for better results |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/marvels-midnight-suns-pc-users-are-bypassing-the-2k-launcher-for-better-results |access-date=2025-01-15 |work=Eurogamer.net |language=en}}

By August 2024, 2K began to phase out the launcher, removing it from Civilization VI and assuring it would not be used in Civilization VII. {{Cite web |last=Woods |first=Sam |date=2024-08-15 |title=Civilization 6 Finally Gets Rid Of 2K Launcher On Steam, Civ 7 To Follow |url=https://www.thegamer.com/civilization-6-7-gets-rid-of-2k-launcher/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=TheGamer |language=en}} On November 18, 2024, 2K removed the launcher from every game that still had it on both Steam and Epic Games' storefronts.{{Cite web |date=2024-10-28 |title=[2K Launcher] Complete Sunset |url=https://support.2k.com/hc/en-us/articles/34845053169939--2K-Launcher-Complete-Sunset |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=2K Support |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Yin-Poole |first=Wesley |date=2024-11-26 |title=The 2K Launcher Is No More — You Can Now Launch 2K’s PC Games Directly in Steam |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/the-2k-launcher-is-no-more-you-can-now-launch-2ks-pc-games-directly-in-steam |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=IGN |language=en}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{Official website|https://2k.com/}}

{{Take-Two Interactive}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:2005 establishments in New York (state)

Category:American companies established in 2005

Category:Companies based in Marin County, California

Category:Novato, California

Category:Software companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area

Category:Take-Two Interactive divisions and subsidiaries

Category:Video game companies based in California

Category:Video game companies established in 2005

Category:Video game publishers

Category:Video game publishing brands