Adelaide River, Northern Territory

The Kungarrakan and Awarai Aboriginal peoples are acknowledged as the traditional owners of the land surrounding the present day town of Adelaide River. There was little acknowledgement of their connection to the land in the early history of the area, evidenced by the predominantly European place names. Their way of life remained unchanged for many thousands of years prior to settlement.

Adelaide River was first settled by workers who arrived in the area to construct the Overland Telegraph Line. During construction, the discovery of gold at Pine Creek in 1872 had a major impact on the settlement.

In 1873, a weekly mail service between Southport and a mining site further south at Yam Creek was established. This service utilised pack horses, and during the wet season months when progress was slow mail bags from the north and south were exchanged at the crossing of the Adelaide River.National Library of Australia [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1333569?searchTerm=Adelaide&River&Overland&Telegraph&searchLimits= "Port Darwin"], The Brisbane Courier, (2 December 1873), Accessed 4 May 2012 The following year, Mr. Edward Hopewell was awarded this mail contract and built the Q.C.E. Hotel on the river bank and a restaurant, the "Jolly Waggoner" was opened by George Doherty, increasing the importance of the area as an overnight stop for travellers.National Library of Australia [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3142843?searchTerm=Hopewell&adelaide&river&hotel1874&searchLimits= "Office of Licencing Bench; District of Palmerston"], Northern Territory Times and Gazette, (12 June 1874), Accessed 4 May 2012 The first police station in the town was constructed in 1879.Department of Lands, Planning and Environment [http://www.nt.gov.au/lands/planning/scheme/documents/coomalie.pdf 'Coomalie Planning Concepts and Land Use Objectives'] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415074705/http://www.nt.gov.au/lands/planning/scheme/documents/coomalie.pdf |date=15 April 2011 }} Northern Territory Government, 2000

Prior to the construction of the railway to Pine Creek, the Adelaide River crossing was the overnight stopping point for the Haimes Royal Mail Coach which linked Southport with the goldfields. This was a vital and well utilised transport link, but was a slow and uncomfortable service. Legislation providing for an upgraded transport link was passed in 1883 by the government of John Cox Bray in the form of the Palmerston and Pine Creek Railway Bill.AustralAsia Railway Corporation [http://www.nt.gov.au/aarc/info/history.html "The Northern Line"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041225092142/http://www.nt.gov.au/aarc/info/history.html |date=25 December 2004 }}, Northern Territory Government, 2004.

In 1886 a contract was signed between the Government of South Australia and construction firm C&E Millar to build the railway between Port Darwin (then known as Palmerston) and the goldfields at Pine Creek.The Palmerston and Pine Creek Railway Harvey, J.Y. Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, February/March, 1968 pp25-48; 63-71 By April 1888 the railway had reached Adelaide River. Construction of the {{convert|155|m|ft}} long steel girder across the river itself used five {{convert|31|m|ft}} spans supported on four sets of piers.[http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/sites/default/files/Adelaide_Nom.pdf Submission for an Historic Engineering Marker], Engineers Australia, 2003 The bridge was all but complete by the onset of the wet season later that year. The first train to cross reached the southern bank on 3 December 1888, followed five days later by the first scheduled service, hauled by the locomotive "Silverton".{{cite web|url=http://www.nt.gov.au/aarc/news/adelaide_river_bridge290703.html |title=AustralAsia Railway Corporation |accessdate=2012-05-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041225092938/http://www.nt.gov.au/aarc/news/adelaide_river_bridge290703.html |archivedate=25 December 2004}}

Pastoral and agricultural activity were stimulated with the issuing of leases for Crown Land. In 1911 brothers Frank and Fred Hardy, local buffalo hunters, established Mount Bundy Station on an 834sq mi pastoral lease near the town of Adelaide River. Using local Aboriginal stockmen to hunt and process the animals, they began exporting buffalo hide to European markets.Mount Bundy Station [http://www.mtbundy.com.au/site/history/ History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321070655/http://www.mtbundy.com.au/site/history/ |date=21 March 2012 }} During the 1920s, Dutch-born agriculturalist Edwin Verburg (1869–1965)NT Historical Society [http://www.historicalsocietynt.org.au/newsletter05.htm Newsletter August 2005] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403224756/http://www.historicalsocietynt.org.au/newsletter05.htm |date=3 April 2012 }} established a farm in the township irrigated by a weir he constructed across the river.Google News Archive [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19650316&id=JDpVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZpUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1804,2831953 "Oldest Pioneer of NT Dies"], The Melbourne Age, (16 March 1965)

Work began in 1936 on a road linking Darwin to Adelaide River. As the railway was still the primary means of transportation at this time, it was an unsealed, dry weather road that was poorly maintained. This road followed a similar route to the present day Stuart Highway. Around the same period, a road south towards the rail yards at Larrimah was also developed to a similar standard.Litchfield Council [http://www.litchfield.nt.gov.au/index.php?page=stuart-highway Stuart Highway] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101001040155/http://www.litchfield.nt.gov.au/index.php?page=stuart-highway |date=1 October 2010 }}

Adelaide River played a central role in the defence of Australia during the second world war. In 1939, the town was designated as a rest area for personnel serving in Darwin, Northern Territory.

Military activity around the area increased significantly following the first Japanese air-raids on Darwin on 19 February 1942. The immediate aftermath of these attacks led to a mass-exodus of the city's civilian population toward the south, an event that would become known as the Adelaide River Stakes.Day, M [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/features/darwins-finger-of-shame-points-at-military/story-e6frg6z6-1226268053891 "Darwin's finger of shame points at military"], The Australian, (11 February 2012), Accessed 5 May 2012. The allied response was a significant increase of forces to rebuild and greatly expand defences in the region. A military airfield was built in the town close to the railway station, along with several others in the surrounding district including Coomalie Creek and Pell. In addition an artillery and weapons range was established at Tortilla Flats, between Coomalie Creek and Adelaide River. The town became an important tactical supply and communications base for all branches of the armed forces. In August 1942, the Adelaide River War Cemetery was established.

While there were numerous bombing raids on the surrounding outstations and facilities throughout 1942–43, Adelaide River itself was bombed only once, in the early hours of 12 November 1943. This was the last Japanese air raid on the Northern Territory.{{Cite web |date= |title=Japanese Air Raids in Australia |url=http://home.st.net.au/~dunn/bomboz.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305150654/http://home.st.net.au/~dunn/bomboz.htm |archive-date=2010-03-05 |access-date= |website=home.st.net.au}} At the height of hostilities, there were up to 30,000 Australian Army and United States soldiers based near the town. An ammunition dump, including a spur railway line, was established at Snake Creek, {{convert|2|mi|km|abbr=on}} to the north. Whilst the facility became operational towards the end of the war, it was too late to be useful in the war effort."Snake River Ammunition Dump". Zanker, Larry. Australian Railway History, January 2007 pp. 22–27 Additional rail sidings were built at the town station to serve ambulance or "hospital" trains that brought wounded personnel to the field hospitals in the area.Drymalik, C [http://www.comrails.com/routes/route_nar_dar_pineck.html Commonwealth, Australian National and South Australian Railways Rollingstock, Version 6], 2012, Pages 59-64 In addition to many transient units, the 107th Australian General Hospital and 119th Australian General Hospital were set up within Adelaide River.{{cite web|url=http://www.australiaforeveryone.com.au/places_adelaideriver.htm |title=Australia for Everyone: Adelaide River, NT |accessdate=2012-05-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317152836/http://www.australiaforeveryone.com.au/places_adelaideriver.htm |archivedate=17 March 2012}}

Some of the major units deployed or detached to Adelaide River during the war included:Australia at War website [http://home.st.net.au/~dunn/ozatwar/muadelaideriver.htm Military Units at Adelaide River, NT During World War 2], Accessed 7 May 2012Appendix D to Unknown source [unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:3231/SOURCE12 North Western Area Bases and Units 1939-1945], (Accessed 7 May 2012)

• 27th Australian Infantry Battalion
• 28th Australian Infantry Battalion
• 1st Australian Field Survey Section, Royal Australian Engineers
• 119th Australian General Hospital
• 6th Army Topographical Survey Company, Royal Australian Survey Corps
• 1st Australian Farm Coy. Royal Australian Army Service Corps
• 121st Australian General Transport Coy.
• 140th Australian General Transport Coy.
• AACS (Australian Army Canteens Service)

• HQ North-West Area
• No. 2 Base Personnel Staff Office
• No. 24 Wing
• No. 44 Wing RAAF
• No. 161 Radar Station RAAF
• No. 321 Radar Station RAAF
• 11 Signals Unit RAAF
• No. 8 RAAF Postal Unit

• RAN Armament Depot Snake Creek
• RAN Wireless Transmitting Station (Standby Facility)

• 997th Signal Service Battalion
• 135th Medical Regiment
• Fleet Radio Unit, Adelaide River (USN)
• 43rd Material Squadron, Air Technical Service Command, USAAF
• 709th Ordnance Co.
• 24th Signal Platoon

During the war years, the road to Darwin which would become the Stuart Highway was sealed to cope with an increase in vehicular movements between military camps in the district. By 1943 over 2000 vehicles were using the road per day. The original rail bridge was upgraded with timber decking to allow it to be used by road vehicles as well as trains.

File:Adelaide River War Cemetery.jpg

The Adelaide River War Cemetery was established in 1942 following the Bombing of Darwin. It was used by the army field hospitals in the area to bury service personnel who were killed in action. Control of the cemetery was handed over to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission in 1947. The cemetery has a memorial to missing personnel serving in the area whose remains were never found. It is set on the banks of the river and is maintained with lush green lawns, and floral garden beds all year round.{{cite web|url=http://www.dva.gov.au/commems_oawg/OAWG/about_OAWG/Documents/P00143%20OAWG%20Adelaide%20River%20brochure.pdf |title=Adelaide River War Cemetery |publisher=Department of Veteran's Affairs|location=Canberra |accessdate=12 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502044646/http://www.dva.gov.au/commems_oawg/OAWG/about_OAWG/Documents/P00143%20OAWG%20Adelaide%20River%20brochure.pdf |archivedate=2 May 2012}}

On 11 January 1962, Adelaide River was officially proclaimed a town. The gazetted area comprises 626.8ha. Declining passenger numbers on the North Australia Railway led to services on the line being suspended in 1976. The line was officially closed in 1981 along with the Adelaide River station, but even with maintenance gangs withdrawn, the yard and facilities remained mostly intact. The 1888 bridge continued to be used as a river crossing to convey traffic on the Stuart Highway. A second crossing, this time dedicated to road transport, the Edwin Verburg Bridge, now carries the highway across the river. It was opened on 27 March 1980 by Chief Minister Paul Everingham. The bridge was named for the pioneering agriculturalist who established an early farm in the town.{{Cite web|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/19106128?selectedversion=NBD3875144|title = Trove}}

Adelaide River police Sergeant Glen Huitson was shot and killed while on duty by fugitive Rodney Ansell on 3 August 1999 on the Old Bynoe Rd near Livingstone. An unarmed civilian was also wounded in the fire fight. Sgt. Huitson was posthumously awarded several bravery medals over the incident.NT Police Museum Historical Society [https://archive.today/20120715025407/http://sites.google.com/site/ntpmhsociety/our-rich-history/timeline-and-events/major-crimes-and-investigations/huitson-shooting Huitson Shooting] A park in the town was dedicated in his honour.

In 2001, the Adelaide River Railway Heritage Precinct was established to restore and maintain the station as a museum and preserve the railway heritage of the town.Horman, T [http://northernexposure.com.au/rail/july_2002.pdf Adelaide River Railway Heritage Precinct] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320133537/http://northernexposure.com.au/rail/july_2002.pdf |date=20 March 2012 }}, 2002 A third river crossing was opened on 29 July 2003 as part of the construction for the northern section of the Adelaide-Darwin Railway. The first scheduled trains from Adelaide began to operate through the town in 2004.AustralAsia Railway Corporation [http://www.nt.gov.au/aarc/news/adelaide_river_bridge290703.html Crossing of the Adelaide River Bridge] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041225092938/http://www.nt.gov.au/aarc/news/adelaide_river_bridge290703.html |date=25 December 2004 }}, Northern Territory Government, 2003 While the original station is adjacent to the new line, it is not currently a stopping point.

The town remains an important rest stop for travellers on the Stuart Highway and offers fuel, mechanical repairs and accommodation. It also functions as a service centre for the agriculture and horticulture activities in the surrounding area. The town boasts a number of tourist attractions. Government services provided in the town include the Post Office, police station, fire station and a Remote Health Clinic. Businesses on the main street include 2 petrol outlets (including a large BP Roadhouse with diner and convenience store used as a refreshment stop for Interstate coach services passing through town and is open till midnight 7 days a week[http://www.greyhound.com.au/App_Assets/user/File/Timetables/Broome-Darwin.pdf Greyhound Australia Bus Timetable Broome – Darwin] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512005952/http://www.greyhound.com.au/App_Assets/user/File/Timetables/Broome-Darwin.pdf |date=12 May 2012 }}, 2012), a general store and the Adelaide River Inn hotel located behind the bp service station

The town is serviced by a Remote Health Centre run by the Northern Territory Government.{{cite web |url=http://www.health.nt.gov.au/Service_Locator/Remote_Health_Centres/index.aspx |title=Health & Families – Remote Health Centres |website=health.nt.gov.au |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719233904/http://health.nt.gov.au/Service_Locator/Remote_Health_Centres/index.aspx |archive-date=2008-07-19}} The centre has 2 full-time nurses, and a GP is available for consultations on selected days. The centre is open Monday to Friday, but remains staffed 24 hours for emergencies.[http://www.gpnnt.org.au/client_images/320480.pdf Community Profile Adelaide River] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410022800/http://www.gpnnt.org.au/client_images/320480.pdf |date=10 April 2013 }}, General Practice Network NT Ltd, Darwin, 2010

Adelaide River has a small primary school, Adelaide River School, with 42 enrolments ({{As of|2010|August|lc=y}}).DEET Directory [http://directory.ntschools.net/SchoolProfile.aspx?name=Adelaide%20River%20School} Adelaide River School], Northern Territory Government The school was established in 1950 and moved to is current site, 100 m from the Adelaide River itself, in 1956. A building housing the administration office and library was added along with a canteen for students in 1994. Currently, the school employs two teaching staff and a grounds keeper. The principal is Tony Clegg.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} The school features large solar panels on the main building's roof to sustain the school's electrical requirements. These were installed with a grant funded through the National Solar Schools Program.Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency [http://www.climatechange.gov.au/en/government/initiatives/national-solar-schools/~/media/publications/national-solar-schools/schools-funded-2009-10.pdf Schools Funded 2009-10], Australian Government, Canberra Any surplus electricity goes into the small town's supply.

The nearest secondary schools and tertiary education facilities are located in Batchelor.

The Adelaide River Show Society (ARSS) precinct is located on the southern side of the river and is a {{convert|24|ha|abbr=on|adj=on}} site incorporating display pavilions, a caravan park, a public swimming pool and the only grass turf racing track in the Northern Territory. The showgrounds is home to a number of community and sporting organisations. The ARSS precinct hosts annual events including the Adelaide River Show and the Adelaide River Races.{{Cite web |title=ABOUT US – Adelaide River Show Society |url=http://www.arss.org.au/about-us/ |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=www.arss.org.au}}

Adelaide River Railway Heritage Precinct occupies the area surrounding the historic railway station located on the southern side of the river. The precinct operates as a museum and has several restored vehicles and items of rolling stock from the original North Australia Railway on display, as well as maintaining the buildings. A society of "friends" of the precinct aim to restore a section of the track between Adelaide River Station and the old Snake Creek armoury using the original 1888 bridge and operate a heritage train, however the construction and alignment of the Adelaide-Darwin Railway has created obstacles to the completion of this project.{{cite web|url=http://www.nt.gov.au/aarc/info/factsheets/adelriver_heritage.pdf |title=Adelaide River Railway Heritage Precinct |publisher=Northern Territory Government|accessdate=12 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041226030952/http://www.nt.gov.au/aarc/info/factsheets/adelriver_heritage.pdf |archivedate=26 December 2004}}

The Adelaide River Races were first run in 1942, and are held annually at the ARSS Showgrounds in the beginning of the dry season. The event attracts visitors from all over Australia and continues to grow in size and popularity each year.{{cite news|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=http://www.smh.com.au/photogallery/national/adelaide-river-cup-20110605-1fmyi.html |title=Adelaide River Cup |accessdate=12 May 2012}}

Adelaide River has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw).

{{Weather box

| width = auto

| location = Adelaide River

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| Jan mean C = 27.7

| Feb mean C = 27.5

| Mar mean C = 27.8

| Apr mean C = 27.7

| May mean C = 25.9

| Jun mean C = 24.0

| Jul mean C = 23.9

| Aug mean C = 25.1

| Sep mean C = 28.0

| Oct mean C = 29.5

| Nov mean C = 29.1

| Dec mean C = 28.4

| year mean C =

| Jan high C = 31.9

| Feb high C = 31.7

| Mar high C = 32.6

| Apr high C = 33.3

| May high C = 32.1

| Jun high C = 30.6

| Jul high C = 30.8

| Aug high C = 32.2

| Sep high C = 34.8

| Oct high C = 35.8

| Nov high C = 34.8

| Dec high C = 33.2

| year high C =

| Jan low C = 24.7

| Feb low C = 24.5

| Mar low C = 24.3

| Apr low C = 23.1

| May low C = 20.7

| Jun low C = 18.5

| Jul low C = 17.8

| Aug low C = 18.3

| Sep low C = 21.7

| Oct low C = 24.2

| Nov low C = 24.8

| Dec low C = 24.8

| year low C =

| Jan precipitation mm = 326.0

| Feb precipitation mm = 303.3

| Mar precipitation mm = 217.3

| Apr precipitation mm = 57.1

| May precipitation mm = 13.0

| Jun precipitation mm = 1.9

| Jul precipitation mm = 1.3

| Aug precipitation mm = 0.9

| Sep precipitation mm = 7.2

| Oct precipitation mm = 34.0

| Nov precipitation mm = 130.2

| Dec precipitation mm = 283.0

| year precipitation mm =

| source 1 = Weather.Directory

{{cite web|url=https://weather.directory/au/adelaide-river

|title= Adelaide River Weather & Climate Guide

|access-date= 7 Feb 2025

|website= Weather.Directory}}

}}

"Charlie" the Buffalo, made famous by the 1986 movie "Crocodile" Dundee was a beloved local resident until his death in 2000.{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/1344880/Crocodile-Dundee-buffalo-to-be-stuffed.html | work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London | first=Nick | last=Squires | title=Crocodile Dundee buffalo to be stuffed | date=25 June 2000}} He is now stuffed, and in the bar at the Adelaide River Inn.{{Cite web|url=http://www.gdaypubs.com.au/NT/adelaide+river.html|title = Hotels in Adelaide River < Northern Territory | Gday Pubs – Enjoy our Great Australian Pubs}}

{{reflist}}

{{Wikivoyage|Adelaide River}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20071231063225/http://www.walkabout.com.au/locations/NTAdelaideRiver.shtml Adelaide River History]
• [http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/records/awm52/diary.asp?levelID=822 Australian War Memorial: Adelaide River War Diaries]
• [http://www.arss.org.au/ Adelaide River Show Society Homepage]

{{Commons category}}

{{Coomalie Shire Localities and Settlements}}

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Category:Towns in the Northern Territory