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Aeridinae

{{Short description|Subtribe of orchids}}

{{more citations needed|date=March 2020}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Aerides leeana Rchb.f., Gard. Chron., n.s., 15 656 (1881) (50903770298).jpg

|image_caption = Aerides leeana

|taxon = Aeridinae

|authority = Pfitzer (1887)

|subdivision_ranks = Genera

|subdivision = See here

|synonyms =

  • Sarcanthinae Benth.
  • Vandinae Rchb.f.
  • Deceptorinae Szlach.
  • Diplocentrinae Szlach.
  • Gastrochilinae Szlach.
  • Pelatantheriinae Szlach.
  • Phalaenopsidinae Szlach.
  • Taeniophyllinae Szlach.

|synonyms_ref = Zou, L. H., Huang, J. X., Zhang, G. Q., Liu, Z. J., & Zhuang, X. Y. (2015). [https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1055790315000445?token=C15F11279A46B4F47FEF5BED742CF6CED32DF4B17D42720C863031F4A0BFE9AEEFDEE16C52C3B93F61BB633ED9F91805&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20221009111735 "A molecular phylogeny of Aeridinae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) inferred from multiple nuclear and chloroplast regions."] Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 85, 247-254.Carlsward, B. S., Whitten, W. M., Williams, N. H., & Bytebier, B. (2006). [https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3732/ajb.93.5.770 "Molecular phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the evolution of leaflessness."] American Journal of Botany, 93(5), 770-786.Pridgeon, A., Cribb, P., Rasmussen, F., & Chase, M. (2014). [https://books.google.com/books?id=s9HQAgAAQBAJ&dq=Phalaenopsidinae+Szlach.&pg=PA111 "Genera Orchidacearum: Epidendroideae."] p. 111 Oxford University Press.

|type_genus = Aerides Lour.

}}

In the botanical classification of plants, Aeridinae Pfitzer is a subtribe of the tribe Vandeae (Family Orchidaceae) whose representatives all have a monopodial growth habit and do not possess pseudobulbs.

This subtribe is a monophyletic group within Vandeae, and it contains more than 1,300 species in 103 genera, including about 208 (38%) hybrid genera. They occur mostly in Asia with a few in Africa. They are distinguished from the other subtribes of Vandeae by having an entire rostellum, a relatively small spur formed by the lip, and four (or two) pollinia.{{Cite journal|last1=Mosquera-Mosquera|first1=Hilda R.|last2=Valencia-Barrera|first2=Rosa M.|last3=Acedo|first3=Carmen|date=2019-04-08|title=Variation and evolutionary transformation of some characters of the pollinarium and pistil in Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae)|url=https://paperity.org/p/192526211/variation-and-evolutionary-transformation-of-some-characters-of-the-pollinarium-and|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution|volume=305 |issue=5 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1007/s00606-019-01575-5 |s2cid=254060013 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2019PSyEv.305..353M }}

Some of the genera it contains have some of the largest and most spectacular flowers in the whole of the orchid family. Also included in this subtribe are some of the most economically important genera in the horticultural trade, such as Phalaenopsis{{Cite journal|last1=Ko|first1=Ya-Zhu|last2=Shih|first2=Huei-Chuan|last3=Tsai|first3=Chi-Chu|last4=Ho|first4=Hsing-Hua|last5=Liao|first5=Pei-Chun|last6=Chiang|first6=Yu-Chung|date=2017-12-01|title=Screening transferable microsatellite markers across genus Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae)|url=https://paperity.org/p/85412416/screening-transferable-microsatellite-markers-across-genus-phalaenopsis-orchidaceae|journal=Botanical Studies|volume=58 |issue=1|page=48 |doi=10.1186/s40529-017-0200-z |pmid=29143146 |pmc=5688051 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2017BotSt..58...48K }} and Vanda.

Leaflessness

Aeridinae contains the largest diversity of leafless taxa within the tribe Vandeae. These leafless species of the genera Chiloschista, Phalaenopsis, and Taeniophyllum (syn. Microtatorchis{{cite POWO |id=29986-1 |title=Microtatorchis Schltr. |accessdate=10 October 2022}}), which is the most species rich genus of Aeridinae with 245 accepted species,{{cite POWO |id=30774-1 |title=Taeniophyllum Blume |accessdate=10 October 2022}} exhibit reduced stems and enhanced importance and photosynthetic function of the root system. This extreme reduction of leaves has likely evolved in three to four separate instances within Aeridinae.Carlsward, B. S. (2004). [https://www.proquest.com/openview/fd33aa2f1847c80da9d52175e5646eeb/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y "Molecular systematics and anatomy of Vandeae (Orchidaceae): the evolution of monopodial leaflessness."] University of Florida. These leafless genera have a tight relationship with fungi of the Ceratobasidiaceae family.Qin, J., Zhang, W., Feng, J. Q., & Zhang, S. B. (2021). [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jiao-Qin-2/publication/353524619_Leafless_epiphytic_orchids_share_Ceratobasidiaceae_mycorrhizal_fungi/links/61108efd1e95fe241abafddc/Leafless-epiphytic-orchids-share-Ceratobasidiaceae-mycorrhizal-fungi.pdf?_sg%5B0%5D=started_experiment_milestone&_sg%5B1%5D=started_experiment_milestone&origin=journalDetail "Leafless epiphytic orchids share Ceratobasidiaceae mycorrhizal fungi."] Mycorrhiza, 31(5), 625-635. The roots of leafless epiphytic orchids are also heavily colonized by nitrogen-fixating cyanobacteria, which are thought to supply the plants with nitrogen.Tsavkelova, E. A., Glukhareva, I. D., Volynchikova, E. A., Egorova, M. A., Leontieva, M. R., Malakhova, D. V., ... & Netrusov, A. I. (2022). [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/5/1006/htm "Cyanobacterial Root Associations of Leafless Epiphytic Orchids."] Microorganisms, 10(5), 1006.

File:Dark purple Trichoglottis (70213s)c.jpg]]

File:Phalaenopsis taenialis - Flickr. 003.jpg]]

File:Thrixspermum saruwatarii (Hayata) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4 275 (1919) (32776459438).jpg]]

File:Cleisostoma crochetii - Flickr 003.jpg]]

File:Robiquetia ilocosnortensis Calaramo, Cootes & K.Gaspar, OrchideenJ. 25(1) 41 (2018) (47959865138).jpg]]

Taxonomy

It was published by Pfitzer in 1887Aeridinae Pfitzer. (n.d.). NCBI Taxonomy. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=158424Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-a). Aeridinae Pfitzer. Tropicos. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/100481635 with Aerides Lour. as the type genus.
It has multiple synonyms:

{{Div col}}

  • Deceptorinae Szlach.
  • Diplocentrinae Szlach.
  • Gastrochilinae Szlach.
  • Pelatantheriinae Szlach.
  • Phalaenopsidinae Szlach.
  • Sarcanthinae Benth.
  • Taeniophyllinae Szlach.
  • Vandinae Rchb. f.

{{Div col end}}

Phylogeny

The subtribe Aeridinae is the sister group to the subtribe Angraecinae (incl. Aerangidinae):Freudenstein, J. V., & Chase, M. W. (2015). [https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-pdf/115/4/665/17847871/mcu253.pdf "Phylogenetic relationships in Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae), one of the great flowering plant radiations: progressive specialization and diversification."] Annals of botany, 115(4), 665-681.

{{clade

|label1=Vandeae s.l.

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Aeridinae

|2=Angraecinae (including Aerangidinae)}}

|2=Adrorhizinae}}

|2=Polystachyinae}}

}}

Genera

The following genera are accepted members of the subtribe Aeridinae according to Chase et al., 2015:Chase, M. W., Cameron, K. M., Freudenstein, J. V., Pridgeon, A. M., Salazar, G., Van den Berg, C., & Schuiteman, A. (2015). [https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-pdf/177/2/151/17040283/boj12234.pdf "An updated classification of Orchidaceae."] Botanical journal of the Linnean Society, 177(2), 151-174.

{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}

{{Div col end}}

However, this classification includes genera, which are not recognized by Plants of the World Online of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew:

  • Cryptopylos Garay is a synonym of Macropodanthus L.O.Williams{{cite POWO |id=29934-1 |title=Macropodanthus L.O.Williams |accessdate=31 March 2023}}
  • Papillilabium Dockrill is a synonym of Plectorrhiza Dockrill{{cite POWO |id=30374-1 |title=Plectorrhiza Dockrill |accessdate=31 March 2023}}
  • Rhinerrhizopsis Ormerod is a synonym of Bogoria J.J.Sm.{{cite POWO |id=28849-1 |title=Bogoria J.J.Sm. |accessdate=31 March 2023}}
  • Schistotylus Dockrill is a synonym of Plectorrhiza Dockrill
  • Seidenfadeniella C.S.Kumar is a synonym of Cleisostomopsis' Seidenf.{{cite POWO |id=967839-1 |title=Cleisostomopsis'' Seidenf. |accessdate=31 March 2023}}
  • Singchia Z.J.Liu & L.J.Chen is a synonym of Cleisocentron Brühl{{cite POWO |id=29059-1 |title=Cleisocentron Brühl |accessdate=31 March 2023}}
  • Spongiola J.J.Wood & A.Lamb is a synonym of Pennilabium J.J.Sm.{{cite POWO |id=30297-1 |title=Pennilabium J.J.Sm. |accessdate=31 March 2023}}

Additionally, some new genera have been recognized since the publication from Chase et al., 2015:

  • Cymbilabia D.K.Liu & Ming H.LiLiu, Dk; Tu, Xiong-De; Zhuang, Zhao; Zeng, Meng-Yao; Zhang, Sai; Ma, Liang; Zhang, Guo-Qiang; Wang, Miao-Miao; Liu, Zhong-Jian; Lan, Si-Ren; Chen, Shi-Pin & Li, Ming-he. (2020). Plastid phylogenomic data yield new and robust insights into the phylogeny of Cleisostoma–Gastrochilus clades (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 145. 106729. 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106729.

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

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Category:Orchid subtribes