Agatea
{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in Eudicot family Violaceae}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Agatea violaris.jpg
|image_caption = Agatea violaris
|display_parents = 2
|taxon = Agatea
|authority = A.Gray{{sfn|WFO|2019}}{{sfn|POTWO|2020}}{{sfn|IPNI|2020}}
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision =
- Seven (see text)
|synonyms =
|synonyms_ref = {{sfn|POTWO|2020}}
|type_species = Agatea violaris
|type_species_authority = A.Gray{{sfn|Tropicos|2020}}
}}
Agatea is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with seven accepted species, found in New Guinea and New Caledonia.
Description
Lianas or reclining shrubs with lanceolate to ovate leaves. The flowers are in terminal pseudo-racemes or racemoids, with white corollas that are strongly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) with the very large bottom petal differentiated into a claw and blade and saccate (pouch like) at the base. On the five stamens, the filaments are weakly connate with the two lowest anthers weakly calcarate (spurred) and possessing a large dorsal connective appendage that is entire and oblong-ovate. In the gynoecium, the style is filiform (threadlike) to clavate (club like). The fruit is a thin to thick-walled capsule with 3 or 6 valves. There are two seeds per carpel, that are strongly flattened and encircled with a broad thin wing. The chromosome number is 2n=16.{{sfn|Ballard et al|2013}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Wahlert et al|2014}}
Taxonomy
The genus Agatea was first described by Gray in 1852,{{sfn|Gray|1852}} following the United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842, and therefore bears his name, A.Gray, as the botanical authority.{{sfn|Tropicos|2020}} Gray's description was of the single species, Agatea violaris, which is thus the type species. His report was published in full in 1854.{{sfn|Gray|1854}}
Early taxonomic schemes such as Bentham and Hooker (1862){{sfn|Bentham|Hooker|1862}} placed Agatea within subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Violinae.{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|de Paula-Souza |Pirani|2014}} For a while, the name Agatea was disputed, and Agation used instead, but this was resolved in favor of the former name.{{sfn|Munzinger|2001}} The genus has also been subject to over-description resulting from polymorphism.
Agatea is one of four lianescent genera in Violaceae, together with Calyptrion Ging., Anchietea A.St.-Hil. and the more recently discovered (2003) Hybanthopsis Paula-Souza.{{sfn|de Paula-Souza|Souza|2003}} In earlier classifications primarily based on floral morphology these were distributed among separate subtribes, but molecular phylogenetic studies has now grouped them together into a single lianescent clade, one of four within the family. Earlier schemes had placed Agatea within subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Hybanthinae, with Hybanthopsis but Calyptrion and Anchietea in subtribe Violinae.{{sfn|Ballard et al|2013}}{{sfn|de Paula-Souza |Pirani|2014}}
= Etymology =
The genus is named for the botanical draughtsman on the expedition, Alfred T. Agate.{{sfn|Gray|1852}}
= Species =
Although estimates of the number of species has varied between one{{sfn|Munzinger|2001}} and ten,{{sfn|Wahlert et al|2014}} there are seven{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}} or eight{{sfn|POTWO|2020}} generally-accepted species.
- Agatea lecointei Munzinger{{sfn|Munzinger|2001}}
- Agatea longipedicellata (Baker f.) Guillaumin & Thorne{{sfn|INPN|2020}}
- Agatea macrobotrys K.Schum. & Lauterb.
- Agatea pancheri (Brongn.) K.Schum. ex Melch.{{sfn|Munzinger|2001}}{{sfn|Wahlert et al|2014}}{{sfn|INPN|2020}}{{sfn|WFO|2019}}
- Agatea rufotomentosa (Baker f.) Munzinger
- Agatea schlechteri Melch.
- Agatea veillonii Munzinger{{sfn|Munzinger|2001}}{{sfn|INPN|2020}}
- Agatea violaris A.Gray Type
New species, e.g. A. lecointei and A. veillonii, continue to be discovered, these two in New Caledonia in 2001.{{sfn|Munzinger|2001}}
Distribution and habitat
Agatea are native to New Guinea and some nearby South Pacific islands including New Caledonia, and are found in monsoon forests.{{sfn|Ballard et al|2013}}{{sfn|POTWO|2020}}
References
{{Reflist|20em}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin|30em}}
;Books
- {{cite book|last1=Ballard|first1=Harvey E|last2=Paula-Souza|first2=Juliana de|authorlink2=Juliana de Paula-Souza|last3=Wahlert|first3=Gregory A|editor-last=Kubitzki|editor-first=Klaus|editor-link=Klaus Kubitzki|title=Flowering Plants. 11 Eudicots: Malpighiales|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vlkyAEACAAJ|date=2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-39417-1|chapter=Violaceae|pages=303–322|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270759276|ref={{harvid|Ballard et al|2013}}}}{{link note|note=Also preview at [https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/plant+sciences/book/978-3-642-39416-4 Springer]}}
- {{cite book|last1=Bentham|first1=G.|last2=Hooker|first2=J.D.|authorlink1=George Bentham|authorlink2=Joseph Dalton Hooker| title=Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita|format=3 vols.|year=1862|publisher=L Reeve & Co.|location=London|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/747#/summary|volume=1|chapter=Violarieae|issue=1|pages=114–121|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14680#page/125/mode/1up}}
- {{cite book|last1=Byng|first1=James W.|author-link=James W. Byng|title=The Flowering Plants Handbook: A practical guide to families and genera of the world|date=2014|publisher=Plant Gateway Ltd.|isbn=978-0-9929993-1-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoLaBAAAQBAJ|chapter=Violaceae|pages=238–239}}
- {{cite book|last1=Christenhusz|first1=Maarten J. M.|last2=Fay|first2=Michael F.|last3=Chase|first3=Mark W.|authorlink1=Maarten Christenhusz|authorlink2=Michael F. Fay|authorlink3=Mark W. Chase|title=Plants of the World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Vascular Plants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LLo7DwAAQBAJ|date= 2017|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-52292-0|chapter=Violaceae|pages=324–325|ref={{harvid|Christenhusz et al|2017}}}}
- {{cite book|last=Gray|first=Asa|author-link=Asa Gray|title=United States Exploring Expedition Botany. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Vol. XV. Botany. Phanerogamia, Part 1: With a Folio Atlas of One Hundred Plates. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8WK8wwQFNywC|year=1854|publisher=C Sherman|location=Philadelphia}}
;Articles
- {{cite journal |last1=Gray |first1=Asa |author-link=Asa Gray|title=Agatea Nov. Gen.|journal=Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences |date=4 May 1852 |volume=2 |pages=323–324 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3076424#page/329/mode/1up }}
- {{cite journal |last1=Munzinger |first1=Jérôme |title=Two new species of Agatea (Violaceae) endemic to New Caledonia, with some taxonomic notes and a key to New Caledonian species |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |date=September 2001 |volume=137 |issue=1 |pages=91–97 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2001.tb01110.x|doi-access=free }}
- {{cite journal |last1=de Paula-Souza |first1=Juliana |last2=Pirani |first2=José Rubens |title=Reestablishment of Calyptrion (Violaceae) |journal=Taxon |date=22 December 2014 |volume=63 |issue=6 |pages=1335–1339 |doi=10.12705/636.7 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270809876}}
- {{cite journal |last1=de Paula-Souza |first1=Juliana |last2=Souza |first2=Vinicius Castro |title=Hybanthopsis, a new genus of Violaceae from Eastern Brazil |journal=Brittonia |date=July 2003 |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=209–213 |doi=10.1663/0007-196X(2003)055[0209:HANGOV]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=9681796 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225941909 }}
- {{cite journal |last1=Wahlert |first1=Gregory A. |last2=Marcussen |first2=Thomas |last3=de Paula-Souza |first3=Juliana |last4=Feng |first4=Min |last5=Ballard |first5=Harvey E. |title=A Phylogeny of the Violaceae (Malpighiales) Inferred from Plastid DNA Sequences: Implications for Generic Diversity and Intrafamilial Classification |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256545045|journal=Systematic Botany |date=1 March 2014 |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=239–252 |doi=10.1600/036364414X678008|s2cid=86452033 |ref={{harvid|Wahlert et al|2014}}}}
;Websites
- {{cite web |last=WFO|author-link=World Flora Online|title=Agatea A. Gray Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 2: 323. 1852|url= http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000000909|website=World Flora Online |access-date=11 April 2020 |date=2019}}
- {{cite web |last=POTWO|title= Agatea A.Gray|url= https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:41494-1|website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=12 June 2024|ref={{harvid|POTWO|2020}}}}
- {{cite web |last=IPNI|author-link=International Plant Names Index|title= Agatea A.Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts ii. (1852) 323. |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/41494-1|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|access-date=13 April 2020|ref={{harvid|IPNI|2020}} }}
- {{cite web|title=Agatea A. Gray|website=Tropicos|url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40034101|publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden|access-date=16 April 2020|date=2020|ref={{harvid|Tropicos|2020}}}}
- {{cite web |last=INPN|title=Agatea |url=https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/listeEspeces/Agatea|website=Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel |publisher=Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle|access-date=11 May 2020 |date=2020}}
{{refend}}
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