Anchietea
{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in Eudicot family Violaceae}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Flickr - BioDivLibrary - n16 w1150 (4).jpg
|image_caption = Anchietea pyrifolia
|display_parents = 2
|taxon = Anchietea
|authority = A.St.-Hil.{{sfn|WFO|2019}}{{sfn|POTWO|2020}}{{sfn|IPNI|2020}}
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision =
- Six (see text)
|synonyms =
|synonyms_ref = {{sfn|POTWO|2020}}
|type_species = Anchietea pyrifolia
| type_species_authority = (Mart.) G.Don{{sfn|Tropicos|2020}}
}}
Anchietea is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with six accepted species, found in tropical South America.
Description
Lianas or reclining shrubs with oblong-lanceolate to ovate leaves. The flowers, which may be unisexual or bisexual, are in axillary racemoids or fascicles, with a white to orange corollas that are strongly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) with the long bottom petal weakly differentiated with a well exserted (projecting) spur. On the five stamens, the filaments are strongly connate (fused) with the two lowest anthers calcarate (spurred) and possessing a small dorsal connective appendage that is entire and ovate. In the gynoecium, the style is rostellate (beaked). The fruit is a very thin walled bladder-like capsule. There are many seeds per carpel, that are orbicular in outline and strongly flattened and encircled with a low interrupted ridge, or broad wing.{{sfn|Ballard et al.|2013}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Wahlert et al.|2014}} The genus is characterized by membranaceous inflated capsules that usually prematurely expose the strongly flattened seeds to maturation.{{sfn| Paula-Souza| Zmarzty|2010}}
Taxonomy
The genus Anchietea was first described by Saint-Hilaire in 1824, with a single species Anchietea salutaris, which thus is considered the type species.{{sfn|Saint-Hilaire|1824}} Therefore, the genus bears his name, A.St.-Hil., as the botanical authority.{{sfn|Tropicos|2020}} Shortly before this, Martius had described a species in a related genera, Noisettia pyrifolia.{{sfn|Martius|1824}} In 1831, Don transferred this species to Anchietea, noting that the specific epithet pyrifolia referred to "pear-shaped leaves".{{sfn|Don|1831}}{{sfn|Paula-Souza et al.|2013}} A revision of the genus in 2013 identified A. salutaris and A. pyrifolia as conspecific, and since A. pyrifolia had priority (as Noisettia pyrifolia) it is the type species.{{sfn|Paula-Souza et al.|2013}}
Early taxonomic schemes, primarily based on floral morphology, such as Bentham and Hooker (1862){{sfn|Bentham|Hooker|1862}} placed Anchietea within subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Violinae.{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|de Paula-Souza |Pirani|2014}} Anchietea is one of four lianescent genera in Violaceae, together with Calyptrion Ging., Agatea A.Gray and the more recently discovered (2003) Hybanthopsis Paula-Souza.{{sfn|de Paula-Souza|Souza|2003}} Historically, these genera were distributed among separate subtribes, with Anchietea within subtribe Violinae with Calyptrion and Hybanthopsis and Agatea in subtribe Hybanthinae.{{sfn|Ballard et al.|2013}}{{sfn|de Paula-Souza |Pirani|2014}}
Molecular phylogenetic studies have now grouped these four genera together into a single lianescent clade, one of four within the family Violaceae.{{sfn|Wahlert et al.|2014}}
= Etymology =
The genus Anchietea is named for the sixteenth century Jesuit missionary and naturalist Joseph of Anchieta, who described the Brazilian flora.{{sfn|Don|1831}}{{sfn|Quattrocchi|2000}}
= Species =
Eight species are accepted.{{sfn|POTWO|2020}}
- Anchietea ballardii Paula-Souza
- Anchietea exaltata Eichler
- Anchietea ferrucciae Paula-Souza & Zmarzty
- Anchietea frangulifolia (Kunth) Melch.
- Anchietea peruviana {{small|Melch.}}
- Anchietea pyrifolia (Mart.) G.Don
- Anchietea raimondii {{small|Melch.}}
- Anchietea sellowiana Cham. & Schltdl.
Estimates of the number of species in Anchietea has varied considerably between five{{sfn|Ballard et al.|2013}}{{sfn|Christenhusz et al.|2017}} and nine,{{sfn|WFO|2019}}{{sfn|POTWO|2020}} but historically, the genus has been poorly described and new species have continued to be described. Paula-Souza and colleagues recognize six species,{{sfn|Paula-Souza|2009}}{{sfn| Paula-Souza| Zmarzty|2010}}{{sfn|Wahlert et al.|2014}} having added A. ferrucciae in 2010 as a new description{{sfn| Paula-Souza| Zmarzty|2010}} and A. ballardii in 2016.{{sfn|de Paula-Souza|Pirani|2016}}{{sfn|Ohio|2016}}
Distribution and habitat
Extra-Amazonian South America, in the seasonally-dry tropical forests (SDTF) of South America.{{sfn|de Paula-Souza|Pirani|2016}}{{sfn|Paula-Souza|Pirani|2014}}{{sfn|POTWO|2020}}
References
{{Reflist|20em}}
Bibliography
{{Refbegin|30em}}
;Books and theses
- {{cite book|last1=Ballard|first1=Harvey E|last2=Paula-Souza|first2=Juliana de|last3=Wahlert|first3=Gregory A|editor-last=Kubitzki|editor-first=Klaus|editor-link=Klaus Kubitzki|title=Flowering Plants. 11 Eudicots: Malpighiales|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vlkyAEACAAJ|date=2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-39417-1|chapter=Violaceae|pages=303–322|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270759276|ref={{harvid|Ballard et al.|2013}}}}{{link note|note=Also preview at [https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/plant+sciences/book/978-3-642-39416-4 Springer]}}
- {{cite book|last1=Bentham|first1=G.|last2=Hooker|first2=J.D.|author-link1=George Bentham|author-link2=Joseph Dalton Hooker|title=Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita|format=3 vols.|year=1862|publisher=L Reeve & Co.|location=London|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/747#/summary|volume=1|chapter=Violarieae|issue=1|pages=114–121|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14680#page/125/mode/1up}}
- {{cite book|last1=Byng|first1=James W.|author-link=James W. Byng|title=The Flowering Plants Handbook: A practical guide to families and genera of the world|date=2014|publisher=Plant Gateway Ltd.|isbn=978-0-9929993-1-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoLaBAAAQBAJ|chapter=Violaceae|pages=238–239}}
- {{cite book|last1=Christenhusz|first1=Maarten J. M.|last2=Fay|first2=Michael F.|last3=Chase|first3=Mark W.|author-link1=Maarten Christenhusz|author-link2=Michael F. Fay|author-link3=Mark W. Chase|title=Plants of the World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Vascular Plants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LLo7DwAAQBAJ|date=2017|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-52292-0|chapter=Violaceae|pages=324–325|ref={{harvid|Christenhusz et al.|2017}}}}
- {{cite book|last1=Don|first1=George|author-link=George Don|title=A general history of the dichlamydeous plants: comprising complete descriptions of the different orders...the whole arranged according to the natural system IV vols.|date=1831|publisher=J.G. and F. Rivington|location=London|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/502#/summary|volume=1|chapter=Anchietea|page=340|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9904#page/368/mode/1up}}
- {{cite book|editor1-last=Greer|editor1-first=Francis Eliott|title=Dry Forests: Ecology, Species Diversity and Sustainable Management|date=2014|publisher=Nova Science Publishers|isbn=978-1-63321-291-6|series=Environmental Science, Engineering and Technology|last1=Paula-Souza|first1=Juliana de|last2=Pirani|first2=José Rubens|chapter=A biogeographical overview of the "lianescent clade" of Violaceae in the Neotropical region|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270759267|pages=1–28}}
- {{cite book|last1=Quattrocchi|first1=Umberto|title=CRC world dictionary of plant names: common names, scientific names, eponyms, synonyms, and etymology. 4 vols.|date=2000|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton, FL|isbn=0-8493-2673-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A68qyOyhOdkC|volume=1. A-C|chapter=Anchietea|page=131}}
- {{cite thesis|last1=Paula-Souza|first1=Juliana|title=Estudos filogenéticos em Violaceae com ênfase na tribo Violeae e revisão taxonômica dos gêneros Lianescentes de Violaceae na região|trans-title=Neotropical Phylogenetic studies on tribe Violeae and taxonomic revision of the Neotropical Lianescent genera of Violaceae|date=2009|publisher=Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo|chapter-url=https://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-11092009-182715/en.php|chapter=Anchietea|pages=65–120|language=pt-br|type=PhD thesis}}
;Articles
- {{cite book|last1=Martius|first1=Karl Friedrich Philipp von|author-link=Karl Martius|title=Nova genera et species plantarum :quas in itinere per Brasiliam MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I., Bavariae regis augustissimi instituto. 3 vols.|date=1824|publisher=Lindaueri|location=Munich|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/450#/summary|language=la|volume=1|chapter=Noisettia pyrifolia|pages=24–25|chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9619#page/28/mode/1up}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Paula-Souza|first1=J. De|last2=Zmarzty|first2=S.|title=Anchietea ferrucciae (Violaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Caatinga|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270802174|journal=Phytotaxa|date=July 2010|volume=7|issue=1|pages=40–45|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.7.1.5}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Paula-Souza|first1=Juliana de|last2=Rubens Pirani|first2=Jose|last3=Hoffmann|first3=Matthias H|last4=Röser|first4=Martin|title=Reappraisal of names and lectotype designations in the South American genus Anchietea (Violaceae)|journal=Schlechtendalia|date=2013|volume=25|pages=63–68|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270759533|ref={{harvid|Paula-Souza et al.|2013}}}}
- {{cite journal|last1=de Paula-Souza|first1=Juliana|last2=Pirani|first2=José Rubens|title=Reestablishment of Calyptrion (Violaceae)|journal=Taxon|date=22 December 2014|volume=63|issue=6|pages=1335–1339|doi=10.12705/636.7|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270809876}}
- {{cite journal|last1=de Paula-Souza|first1=Juliana|last2=Souza|first2=Vinicius Castro|title=Hybanthopsis, a new genus of Violaceae from Eastern Brazil|journal=Brittonia|date=July 2003|volume=55|issue=3|pages=209–213|doi=10.1663/0007-196X(2003)055[0209:HANGOV]2.0.CO;2|s2cid=9681796 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225941909}}
- {{cite journal|last1=de Paula-Souza|first1=Juliana|last2=Pirani|first2=José Rubens|title=Novelties in Brazilian Anchietea A.St.-Hil. (Violaceae): A new species from inselbergs in the Atlantic rainforest and an update on the conservation status of Anchietea ferrucciae Paula-Souza & Zmarzty|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309140852|journal=Phytotaxa|date=14 October 2016|volume=280|issue=1|pages=63|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.280.1.6}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Saint-Hilaire|first1=A.F.C.P|author-link=Augustin Saint-Hilaire|title=Indication abrégée des plantes de la flore du Brésil méridional, qui appartiennent au groupe des Droséracées, des Violacées, des Cistées et des Frankeniées|journal=Annales des Sciences Naturelles|date=1824|volume=2|pages=248–255|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19894#page/252/mode/1up|language=la}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Wahlert|first1=Gregory A.|last2=Marcussen|first2=Thomas|last3=de Paula-Souza|first3=Juliana|last4=Feng|first4=Min|last5=Ballard|first5=Harvey E.|title=A Phylogeny of the Violaceae (Malpighiales) Inferred from Plastid DNA Sequences: Implications for Generic Diversity and Intrafamilial Classification|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256545045|journal=Systematic Botany|date=1 March 2014|volume=39|issue=1|pages=239–252|doi=10.1600/036364414X678008|s2cid=86452033|ref={{harvid|Wahlert et al.|2014}}}}
;Websites
- {{cite web|last=WFO|author-link=World Flora Online|title=Anchietea A. St.-Hil. Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 2: 252. 1824.|url=http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000001901|website=World Flora Online|access-date=11 April 2020|date=2019}}
- {{cite web|last=POTWO|title=Anchietea A.St.-Hil.|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:41499-1|website=Plants of the World Online|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|access-date=5 May 2020|ref={{harvid|POTWO|2020}}}}
- {{cite web|last=IPNI|author-link=International Plant Names Index|title=Anchietea A.St.-Hil., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 2: 252 (1824).|url=https://www.ipni.org/n/41499-1|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|access-date=12 June 2024|ref={{harvid|IPNI|2020}}}}
- {{cite web|title=Anchietea A. St.-Hil.|website=Tropicos|url=http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40013594|publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden|access-date=16 April 2020|date=2020|ref={{harvid|Tropicos|2020}}}}
- {{cite web|title=Brazil Researcher Names New Species After Colleague Harvey Ballard|url=https://www.ohio-forum.com/2016/10/brazil-researcher-names-new-species-after-colleague-harvey-ballard/|publisher=College of Arts & Sciences, Ohio University|access-date=13 May 2020|date=28 October 2016|ref={{harvid|Ohio|2016}}}}
{{Refend}}
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