Airline alliance
{{short description|Cooperation agreement between two or more airlines}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}}
An airline alliance is an aviation industry arrangement between two or more airlines agreeing to cooperate on a substantial level. Alliances may provide marketing branding to facilitate travelers making inter-airline codeshare connections within countries. This branding may involve unified aircraft liveries of member aircraft.{{cite web |url=http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/68159 |title=Airline alliances : the airline perspective |author=Fernandez de la Torre, Pablo E. |year=1999 |publisher=DSpace@MIT |hdl=1721.1/68159 |access-date=April 15, 2014}}
In 2015, Star Alliance was the largest with 23% of total scheduled traffic in revenue passenger kilometres (RPKs)/revenue passenger miles (RPMs), followed by SkyTeam with 20.4% and Oneworld with 17.8%, leaving {{#expr:100-23-20.4-17.8}}% for others.{{cite web |title=Scheduled Passengers Carried |publisher=IATA |work=World Air Transport Statistics 60th Edition |url=http://www.iata.org/pressroom/pr/Pages/2016-07-05-01.aspx |access-date=2016-07-11 |archive-date=2016-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706151832/http://www.iata.org/pressroom/pr/Pages/2016-07-05-01.aspx |url-status=dead }} In 2019, by number of passengers, Star Alliance was leading 762 million,{{cite web |url= https://www.staralliance.com/documents/20184/680657/GENERAL+STAR+ALLIANCE+BACKGROUNDER.pdf/01b75e64-3f13-a2b7-e16e-cdd01dc87672 |title= backgrounder |date= 18 Oct 2019 |publisher= Star Alliance |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191222072136/https://www.staralliance.com/documents/20184/680657/GENERAL+STAR+ALLIANCE+BACKGROUNDER.pdf/01b75e64-3f13-a2b7-e16e-cdd01dc87672 |archive-date= 22 December 2019 |url-status= live }} followed by SkyTeam (630 million){{Cite web|url=https://static.skyteam.com//contentapi/globalassets/pdfs/facts--figures-2019/eng_skyteamfactsheet.pdf|title=Fact Sheet|publisher=SkyTeam|date=2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829225333/https://static.skyteam.com//contentapi/globalassets/pdfs/facts--figures-2019/eng_skyteamfactsheet.pdf|archive-date=2019-08-29|url-status=live}} and Oneworld (535 million).{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneworld.com/news/20-years-20-facts-oneworld|title=20 years, 20 facts, oneworld|publisher=OneWorld|date=2019-02-01|access-date=2019-12-22|archive-date=2019-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130143548/https://www.oneworld.com/news/20-years-20-facts-oneworld|url-status=dead}}
Rationale
Benefits can consist of an extended network, often realised through codeshare agreements. Many alliances started as only codeshare networks. Cost reductions come from sharing operation facilities (e.g. catering or computer systems), operation staff (e.g. ground handling personnel, at check-in and boarding desks), investments and purchases (e.g. in order to negotiate extra volume discounts).{{Cite web|last=Crail|first=Chauncey|date=2021-02-10|title=What Is An Airline Alliance?|url=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/travel-rewards/what-is-an-airline-alliance/|access-date=2022-02-07|website=Forbes Advisor|language=en-US}} Traveler benefits can include lower prices due to lowered operational costs for a given route, different times to choose from, more destinations within easy reach, shorter travel times, more options of airport lounges shared with alliance members, fast track access on all alliance members if having frequent flyer status, faster mileage rewards by earning miles for a single account on several different carriers, round-the-world tickets, enabling travellers to fly over the world for a relatively low price.{{Cite journal|last1=Gaggero|first1=Alberto A.|last2=Bartolini|first2=David|date=2012|title=The Determinants of Airline Alliances|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24396319|journal=Journal of Transport Economics and Policy|volume=46|issue=3|pages=399–414|jstor=24396319 |issn=0022-5258}}
Airline alliances may also create disadvantages for the traveller, such as higher prices when competition is erased on a certain route or less frequent flights; for instance, if two airlines separately fly three and two times a day respectively on a shared route, their alliance might fly less than 5 (3+2) times a day on the same route. This might be especially true between hub cities for each airline. e.g., flights between Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport (a Delta Air Lines fortress hub) and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (a KLM fortress hub).{{Cite journal|last1=Flores-Fillol|first1=Ricardo|last2=Moner-Colonques|first2=Rafael|date=2007|title=Strategic Formation of Airline Alliances|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20054029|journal=Journal of Transport Economics and Policy|volume=41|issue=3|pages=427–449|jstor=20054029 |issn=0022-5258}}{{Cite journal|last1=Armantier|first1=Olivier|last2=Richard|first2=Oliver|date=2008|title=Domestic Airline Alliances and Consumer Welfare|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25474400|journal=The RAND Journal of Economics|volume=39|issue=3|pages=875–904|doi=10.1111/j.1756-2171.2008.00042.x |jstor=25474400 |issn=0741-6261|url-access=subscription}}{{cite web|title=Airline Alliance's Benefits and Drawbacks Explained|url=https://www.aerotime.aero/23173-airline-alliance-benefits|access-date=2022-02-07|website=www.aerotime.aero|language=en|archive-date=2022-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207163247/https://www.aerotime.aero/23173-airline-alliance-benefits|url-status=dead}}
History
The first airline alliance was formed in the 1930s, when Panair do Brasil and its parent company Pan American World Airways agreed to exchange routes to Latin America.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
The first large alliance began in 1989, when Northwest Airlines and KLM agreed to large-scale codesharing. In 1992, the Netherlands signed the first open skies agreement with the United States, in spite of objections from the European Union, which gave both countries unrestricted landing rights on the other's soil. Normally landing rights are granted for a fixed number of flights per week to a fixed destination. Each adjustment requires negotiations, often between governments rather than between the companies involved. In return, the United States granted antitrust immunity to the alliance between Northwest Airlines and KLM. This alliance continues to exist today (as of 2025) with KLM as a SkyTeam member and Northwest's successor airline Delta also being a member. Other alliances would struggle for years to overcome the transnational barriers and lack of antitrust immunity, and still do so.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}}
On May 14, 1997, an agreement was announced forming the Star Alliance with five airlines on three continents: United Airlines, Scandinavian Airlines, Thai Airways International, Air Canada, and Lufthansa.{{cite news|last=Tagliabue|first=John|title=5 Airlines Extend Limits of Alliances|work=The New York Times|date=15 May 1997|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0A15FA3C5C0C768DDDAC0894DF494D81|access-date=16 October 2010}} The alliance chose Young & Rubicam for advertising, with a budget of $25 million (€18 million).{{cite news|last=Meredith|first=Robyn|title=Airline Alliance Picks Y.& R.|work=The New York Times|date=15 May 1997|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB061FFC3F5C0C768DDDAC0894DF494D81|access-date=16 October 2010}}{{cite news|last=Bryant|first=Adam|title=United and 4 Others to Detail Air Alliance Today|work=The New York Times|date=14 May 1997|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F0071FFC345D0C778DDDAC0894DF494D81|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130130132618/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F0071FFC345D0C778DDDAC0894DF494D81|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 January 2013|access-date=16 October 2010}} which brought competing airlines to form Oneworld in 1999 and SkyTeam in 2000.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}
In 2010 Richard Branson, chairman of the Virgin Group, announced his intention to form a fourth alliance among Virgin branded airlines (Virgin Atlantic; Virgin America; and the Virgin Australia Holdings group of airlines).{{cite magazine
| last = Perman | first = Stacy | date = 2010-09-05
| url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2015353-1,00.html
| title = Virgin's Richard Branson Circles His Wagons | magazine = Time | access-date = 2011-03-04 | url-status = dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102075251/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2015353-1,00.html |archive-date=2 November 2010
}} Then in September 2011, Branson said that Virgin Atlantic would join one of the existing alliances;{{cite web
| url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonbruner/2011/09/14/virgin-atlantic-will-join-an-alliance-soon-says-richard-branson/
| title = Virgin Atlantic Will Join an Alliance Soon, Says Richard Branson
| first = Jon | last = Bruner | date = 2011-09-14 | work = Forbes
}} this idea was repeated in October 2012.{{cite web
| url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/9636203/index.html
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130505094919/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/9636203/index.html
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 2013-05-05
| title = Virgin Atlantic to join global airline alliance, says Branson
| first = James | last = Quinn | date = 2012-10-26 | work = Telegraph
}} In December 2012, Delta Air Lines purchased Singapore Airlines' 49% stake in Virgin Atlantic for £224 million.{{Cite web |title=Delta and Virgin Atlantic To Form Strategic Alliance |url=https://ir.delta.com/news/news-details/2012/Delta-and-Virgin-Atlantic-To-Form-Strategic-Alliance/default.aspx |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=ir.delta.com |language=en-US}} Virgin America was absorbed into Alaska Airlines by 2018, which joined the Oneworld alliance in 2021.{{Cite news|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/virgin-america-flights-become-alaska-next-april-441881/|title=Virgin America flights become Alaska next April|date=2017-10-05|work=Flightglobal.com|access-date=January 2, 2018|language=en-GB}}{{Cite news|url= https://www.oneworld.com/news/2021-03-31-a-world-of-possibilities-alaska-airlines-officially-joins-oneworld|title= Alaska Airlines Officially Joins oneworld|date=2021-03-31|access-date=July 5, 2021|language=en-GB}} Meanwhile, Virgin Atlantic joined SkyTeam in 2023.{{Cite web |title=Virgin Atlantic to join SkyTeam alliance today |url=https://corporate.virginatlantic.com/gb/en/media/press-releases/virgin-atlantic-to-join-skyteam-alliance-today.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=corporate.virginatlantic.com}}
On February 14, 2013, it was announced that American Airlines and US Airways would merge, retaining the American Airlines name and would remain in the Oneworld alliance. US Airways' participation in Star Alliance lapsed. In 2012, in South America, LAN Airlines and TAM Airlines began their merger. In March 2014, with the merger complete, TAM left Star Alliance and became part of LAN in Oneworld.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}
On September 21, 2015, the Vanilla Alliance was formed between several airlines based in the Indian Ocean region, in order to improve air connectivity within the region. The founding members were Air Austral, Air Mauritius, Air Madagascar, Air Seychelles, and Int'Air Îles.{{Cite news |url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/news/40422-vanilla-alliance-agreements-signed-in-antananarivo |title=Vanilla Alliance agreements signed in Antananarivo |work=ch-aviation |last=Jaeger |first=Thomas |date=September 24, 2015 |accessdate=May 24, 2025}}
U-FLY Alliance, the first alliance of low-cost carriers (LCCs), was formed in January 2016, comprising HK Express, Lucky Air, Urumqi Air, and West Air (all affiliated with HNA Group).{{Cite news |url=http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/hna-group-four-airlines-form-u-fly-alliance-worlds-first-lcc-grouping-showing-hna-consolidation-262418 |title=HNA Group: four airlines form U-FLY Alliance, world's first LCC grouping, showing HNA consolidation |work=CAPA - Centre for Aviation |publisher=Informa Markets |date=22 January 2016 |accessdate=11 February 2016}} In May 2016, the world's largest alliance of LCCs was formed, Value Alliance, including founding members Cebu Pacific, Cebgo, Jeju Air, Nok Air, NokScoot, Scoot Airlines, Tigerair, Tigerair Australia, and Vanilla Air.{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-16/singapore-airlines-low-cost-carriers-others-start-alliance |title=Singapore Airlines’ Low-Cost Carriers, Others Start Alliance |work=Bloomberg |date=16 May 2016 |accessdate=16 May 2016}} Neither alliance remains active as of 2025.
Current alliances
= Star Alliance =
File:Star Alliance tails at Tokyo Narita Airport - Thai, United, Swiss and SAS.jpg at Tokyo Narita Airport Thai, United, Swiss and Scandinavian Airlines (SAS), the latter moved to SkyTeam in 2024]]
File:JA899A@PEK (20201229153435).jpg of All Nippon Airways]]
{{main|Star Alliance}}
Star Alliance, founded in 1997, currently has 25 members:{{cite web|url=http://www.staralliance.com/en/about/airlines/ |title=Member airline |publisher=Star Alliance |date=June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304191248/http://www.staralliance.com/en/about/airlines/ |archive-date=2013-03-04}}
{{flagicon|GRE}} Aegean Airlines, 2010
{{flagicon|CAN}} Air Canada, founder
{{flagicon|CHN}} Air China, 2007
{{flagicon|IND}} Air India, 2014
{{flagicon|NZL}} Air New Zealand, 1999
{{flagicon|JPN}} All Nippon Airways, 1999
{{flagicon|KOR}} Asiana Airlines, 2003
{{flagicon|AUT}} Austrian Airlines, 2000
{{flagicon|COL}} Avianca, 2012
{{flagicon|BEL}} Brussels Airlines, 2009
{{flagicon|PAN}} Copa Airlines, 2012
{{flagicon|CRO}} Croatia Airlines, 2004
{{flagicon|EGY}} EgyptAir, 2008
{{flagicon|ETH}} Ethiopian Airlines, 2011
{{flagicon|TWN}} EVA Air, 2013
{{flagicon|POL}} LOT Polish Airlines, 2003
{{flagicon|GER}} Lufthansa, founder
{{flagicon|CHN}} Shenzhen Airlines, 2012
{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore Airlines, 2000
{{flagicon|SAF}} South African Airways, 2006
{{flagicon|SWI}} Swiss International Air Lines, 2006
{{flagicon|POR}} TAP Air Portugal, 2005
{{flagicon|THA}} Thai Airways International, founder
{{flagicon|TUR}} Turkish Airlines, 2008
{{flagicon|USA}} United Airlines, founder
Future members:
{{flagicon|ITA}} ITA Airways, Lufthansa takeover, 2026
Former members:
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
- {{flagicon|SLO}} Adria Airways, 2004–2019, defunct
- {{flagicon|Australia}} Ansett Australia, 1999–2001, defunct
- {{flagicon|FIN}} Blue1, 2004–2012, defunct
- {{flagicon|GBR}} BMI, 2000–2012, absorbed into British Airways{{cite web |url=http://www.staralliance.com/en/press/bmi-removal-prp/ |title=Bmi Formally Leaves |publisher=Star Alliance |date=2012-05-31 |access-date=2012-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016003703/http://www.staralliance.com/en/press/bmi-removal-prp/ |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=dead }}
- {{flagicon|USA}} Continental Airlines, 2009–2012, merged with United Airlines
- {{flagicon|MEX}} Mexicana de Aviación, 2000–2004, joined Oneworld in 2009
- {{flagicon|DNK}} {{flagicon|NOR}} {{flagicon|SWE}} Scandinavian Airlines, founder, 1997–2024, joined SkyTeam in 2024
- {{flagicon|CHN}} Shanghai Airlines, 2007–2010, merged with China Eastern Airlines and joined SkyTeam as an affiliate of China Eastern in 2011
- {{flagicon|ESP}} Spanair, 2003–2012, defunct
- {{flagicon|El Salvador}} TACA, 2012–2013, merged with Avianca
- {{flagicon|BRA}} TAM Airlines, 2010–2014, merged with LAN Airlines and joined Oneworld in 2014
- {{flagicon|USA}} US Airways, 2004–2014, joined Oneworld as an affiliate member of American Airlines and later merged completely with American in 2015
- {{flagicon|BRA}} Varig, 1997–2007, defunct
}}
== Star Alliance Connecting Partners ==
- {{flagicon|CHN}} Juneyao Air, 2017
== Star Alliance Intermodal Partnership ==
- {{flagicon|GER}} Deutsche Bahn, 2022{{cite web |url= https://www.staralliance.com/en/news-article?newsArticleId=4540544&groupId=20184 |title= Star Alliance Intermodal Partnership |publisher=Star Alliance}}{{cite web |url=https://www.aviation24.be/alliances/star-alliance/german-railway-operator-deutsche-bahn-joins-star-alliance/ |title=Deutsche Bahn joins Star Alliance |date=29 June 2022 |publisher=Aviation24.be |last=Orban |first=André |accessdate=2025-05-24}}
= Oneworld =
File:CN-RGB - Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner - Royal Air Maroc.jpg Boeing 787-8]]
{{main|Oneworld}}
Oneworld, founded in 1999, currently has 14 members:{{cite web |url= https://www.oneworld.com/members |title= Member Airlines |publisher=Oneworld}}
{{flagicon|USA}} Alaska Airlines, 2021
{{flagicon|USA}} American Airlines, founder
{{flagicon|GBR}} British Airways, founder
{{flagicon|HKG}} Cathay Pacific, founder
{{flagicon|FIJ}} Fiji Airways, 2025
{{flagicon|FIN}} Finnair, 1999
{{flagicon|ESP}} Iberia, 1999
{{flagicon|JPN}} Japan Airlines, 2007
{{flagicon|MYS}} Malaysia Airlines, 2013
{{flagicon|AUS}} Qantas, founder
{{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar Airways, 2013
{{flagicon|MAR}} Royal Air Maroc, 2020
{{flagicon|JOR}} Royal Jordanian, 2007
{{flagicon|LKA}} SriLankan Airlines, 2014
Future members:
- {{flagicon|OMA}} Oman Air, joining on 30 June 2025{{Cite web |date=2024-11-20 |title=Oman Air to join Oneworld on June 30, 2025 - Executive Traveller |url=https://www.executivetraveller.com/news/oman-air-joins-oneworld-on-30-june-2025 |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=www.executivetraveller.com |language=en}}
- {{flagicon|USA}} Hawaiian Airlines, joining in 2026
Former members:
{{columns-list|colwidth=21em|
- {{flagicon |Ireland}} Aer Lingus, 2000–2007, left the alliance{{cite web|url=https://www.oneworld.com/news/aer-lingus-plans-to-leave-oneworld |title=Aer Lingus leaving Oneworld |work=Oneworld |date=May 30, 2006 |accessdate=2025-05-24}}
- {{flagicon|GER}} Air Berlin, 2012–2017, defunct
- {{flagicon|CAN}} Canadian Airlines, founder, 1999–2000, acquired by Air Canada
- {{flagicon|BRA}} LATAM Brasil, 2014–2020
- {{flagicon|CHL}} LATAM Chile, 2000–2020
- {{flagicon|HUN}} Malév Hungarian Airlines, 2007–2012, defunct
- {{flagicon|MEX}} Mexicana de Aviación, 2009 (ceased operations in 2010)
- {{flagicon|RUS}} S7 Airlines, 2010–2022, suspended from alliance due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
- {{flagicon|USA}} US Airways, 2014–2015, merged with American Airlines
}}
= SkyTeam =
File:PK-GII (Soekarno-Hatta Airport, 29 December 2017).jpg of Garuda Indonesia]]
{{main|SkyTeam}}
SkyTeam, founded in 2000, currently has 18 members:{{cite web |url=http://www.skyteam.com/en/About-us/Press/Facts-and-Figures/ |title=Facts and Figures |publisher=SkyTeam |location=Amsterdam |date=5 March 2014 |access-date=9 July 2013 |archive-date=20 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110620184016/http://www.skyteam.com/en/About-us/Press/Facts-and-Figures/ |url-status=dead }}
{{flagicon|ARG}} Aerolíneas Argentinas, 2012
{{flagicon|MEX}} Aeroméxico, founder
{{flagicon|ESP}} Air Europa, 2007
{{flagicon|FRA}} Air France, founder
{{flagicon|TWN}} China Airlines, 2011
{{flagicon|CHN}} China Eastern Airlines, 2011
{{flagicon|USA}} Delta Air Lines, founder
{{flagicon|IDN}} Garuda Indonesia, 2014
{{flagicon|KEN}} Kenya Airways, 2007
{{flagicon|NLD}} KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, 2004
{{flagicon|KOR}} Korean Air, founder
{{flagicon|LBN}} Middle East Airlines, 2012
{{flagicon|SAU}} Saudia, 2012
{{flagicon|DNK}} {{flagicon|NOR}} {{flagicon|SWE}} Scandinavian Airlines, 2024
{{flagicon|ROM}} TAROM, 2010
{{flagicon|VNM}} Vietnam Airlines, 2010
{{flagicon|GBR}} Virgin Atlantic, 2023
{{flagicon|CHN}} XiamenAir, 2012
Former members:
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
- {{flagicon|RUS}} Aeroflot, 2006–2022, suspended from alliance due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
- {{flagicon|ITA}} Alitalia, 2001–2021, defunct
- {{flagicon|CHN}} China Southern Airlines, 2007–2018
- {{flagicon|USA}} Continental Airlines, 2004–2009, joined Star Alliance in 2009 and later merged with United Airlines in 2010
- {{flagicon|Panama}} Copa Airlines, 2007–2009, joined Star Alliance in 2012
- {{flagicon|CZE}} Czech Airlines, 2001–2024, defunct
- {{flagicon|ITA}} ITA Airways, 2021–2025, to join Star Alliance in 2026
- {{flagicon|USA}} Northwest Airlines, 2004–2010, merged with Delta Air Lines
}}
= Vanilla Alliance =
File:ATR72 3B-NBG.jpg of Air Mauritius.]]
{{main|Vanilla Alliance}}
Vanilla Alliance, founded in 2015, currently has 4 members:{{Cite news|url=http://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/40422-vanilla-alliance-agreements-signed-in-antananarivo|title=Vanilla Alliance agreements signed in Antananarivo|website=ch-aviation|language=en-US|access-date=2016-04-09}}
{{flagicon|REU|local}} Air Austral, founder
{{flagicon|MDG}} Madagascar Airlines, founder
{{flagicon|MUS}} Air Mauritius, founder
{{flagicon|SYC}} Air Seychelles, founder
Former members:
{{flagicon|COM}} Int'Air Îles, founder, 2015–2024, defunct
Former alliances
= U-FLY Alliance =
{{main|U-FLY Alliance}}
U-FLY Alliance, founded in 2016, had 4 members:{{Cite web|url=http://www.uflyalliance.com/about|title=UFLY Alliance|website=www.uflyalliance.com|access-date=April 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825173350/http://uflyalliance.com/about|archive-date=August 25, 2018|url-status=dead}}
{{flagicon|KOR}} Eastar Jet, 2016
{{flagicon|CHN}} Lucky Air, founder
{{flagicon|CHN}} Urumqi Air, founder
{{flagicon|CHN}} West Air, founder
Former members:
- {{flagicon|HKG}} HK Express, 2016–2019, founder, acquired by Cathay Pacific in 2019.
= Value Alliance =
{{main|Value Alliance}}
Value Alliance, founded in 2016, had 5 members:{{Cite web|url=http://www.valuealliance.com/#!about/c1enr|title=Value Alliance|website=www.valuealliance.com/|access-date=2016-05-16}}
{{flagicon|PHL}} Cebu Pacific, founder
{{flagicon|PHL}} Cebgo, founder
{{flagicon|KOR}} Jeju Air, founder
{{flagicon|THA}} Nok Air, founder
{{flagicon|SGP}} Scoot, founder
Former members:
- {{flagicon|THA}} NokScoot, 2016–2020, defunct
- {{flagicon|SIN}} Tigerair, 2016–2017, merged with Scoot
- {{flagicon|AUS}} Tigerair Australia, 2016–2018, founder
- {{flagicon|JPN}} Vanilla Air, 2016–2018, founder, merged with Peach Aviation
Statistics
See also
Notes and references
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
{{Wikivoyage|Airline alliances}}
- [http://www.oneworld.com Oneworld]
- [https://www.skyteam.com/en SkyTeam]
- [http://www.staralliance.com Star Alliance]
- [http://www.valuealliance.com Value Alliance]
- {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-the-20-year-history-of-global-airline-alli-437061/ |title= The 20-year history of global airline alliances |date= 15 May 2017 |work= Flightglobal |author= Graham Dunn}}
{{Airline alliances}}
{{Commercial air travel}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Airline Alliance}}