Al-Ruways

Al-Ruways stood on the site of the Crusader town of Careblier,Khalidi, 1992, p. 28. which was also referred to by the Crusaders as Roeis.Frankel, 1988, p. 264. In 1220, Beatrix de Courtenay and her husband Count Otto von Botenlauben, Henneberg, sold their land, including Roeis’, to the Teutonic Knights.Strehlke, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/tabulaeordinist00stregoog#page/n59/mode/1up 43]- 44, No. 53; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n254/mode/1up 248], No. 934; cited in Frankel, 1988, p. 264. However, they appeared not to have sole ownership, as in 1253 John Aleman, Lord of Caesarea, sold several villages, including Roeis, to the Knights Hospitaller.Delaville Le Roulx, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/lesarchiveslabib00dela#page/184/mode/1up 184]; cited in Clermont-Ganneau, 1888, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/RecueilDarcheologieOrientaletome1/Recueil_d_archologie_orientale-8#page/n332/mode/1up 309] -310; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n325/mode/1up 319], No. 1210. In 1266, a Crusader vanguard returning from a raid in Tiberias to Acre was ambushed at Roeis by Mamluk forces based in Safad.Bronstein, 2005, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=vVFpbui2E8QC&pg=PA46 46]. In 1283 it was mentioned as part of the domain of the Crusaders in the hudna (truce) between the Acre-based Crusaders and the Mamluk sultan al-Mansur Qalawun.From al-Qalqashandi´s version of the hudna, referred in Barag, 1979, p. 207.

Based on tradition, the people of the village professed to have blood relations with Husam ad-Din Abu al-Hija. Hussam ad-Din was a high-ranking officer in the Ayyubid army of Sultan Saladin.Benvenisti, 2000, p. [https://archive.org/details/sacredlandscapeb00benvrich/page/n224 195].

French explorer Victor Guérin visited al-Ruways in 1875, and noted that the village contained "150 people at most, whose homes are located on a hill, amid gardens filled with fig, pomegranate and olive trees, and here and there are palm trees".Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n444/mode/1up 431]

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described al-Ruways as being situated on open ground with olive groves to the north of the village. Its population of 400 was entirely Muslim.Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/271/mode/1up 271]. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 28

A population list from about 1887 showed that Ruweis had about 190 inhabitants; all Muslims.Schumacher, 1888, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n201/mode/1up 176]

Under the British Mandate of Palestine in the early twentieth century, al-Ruways was one of the smallest villages in the District of Acre. In the 1922 census Al-Ruways had a population of 154; all Muslims,Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p.[https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n39/mode/1up 37]. increasing in the 1931 census to 217, still all Muslim, in a total of 44 houses.Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 102]. and consisting of two quarters.

The village had a mosque. Its children attended school in nearby al-Damun. The inhabitants' drinking water came from domestic wells, and they primarily grew wheat, corn, sesame, watermelons, and olives.

In the 1945 statistics the population of al-Ruways was 330 Muslims, who owned 1,163 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey. 222 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 844 used for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Acre/Page-081.jpg 81]. while built-up areas consisted of 15 dunams.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Acre/Page-131.jpg 131].

On 18 July 1948, two days after Nazareth was occupied by Israel's Seventh Armored Brigade in Operation Dekel, some units advanced into the Western Galilee and captured a number of Arab villages, one of which was al-Ruways. The inhabitants fled after bombardment and the fall of major towns in the vicinity, namely Shefa-'Amr and Nazareth.Khalidi, 1992, p. 29Morris, 2004, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA421 421]-423. Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel. According to Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi, "the site is deserted. The debris of old wells and cement roofs is strewn of over the site, which is otherwise covered by a forest of eucalyptus trees and cactus." By 1992 there were no villages on al-Ruways land, but the surrounding area was cultivated by residents of kibbutz Yas'ur.

• Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel
• Ein Hod

{{Reflist|25em}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{cite book

|author=Al-Maqrizi |author-link=Al-Maqrizi

|title=Histoire des sultans mamlouks, de l'Égypte, écrite en arabe |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_M7oWAAAAQAAJ |volume=2

|others=Translator: Étienne Marc Quatremère |year=1845

|publisher= Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland

|location=Paris |language=fr, la}} (pp. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_M7oWAAAAQAAJ#page/n189/mode/1up 179]-185, [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_M7oWAAAAQAAJ#page/n234/mode/1up 224]-235.)

• {{cite journal

| author = Barag, Dan | title = A new source concerning the ultimate borders of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem|jstor = 27925726 | journal = Israel Exploration Journal | volume = 29 | year = 1979 | issue = 3/4| pages = 197–217}}

• {{cite book | editor =Barron, J. B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
• {{cite book

|title=Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land since 1948

|first=M.|last=Benvenisti|author-link=Meron Benvenisti

|publisher=University of California Press|date=2000

|url=http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/8205/8205.ch05.html|access-date=2008-12-19

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904163907/http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/8205/8205.ch05.html|archive-date=2006-09-04

|url-status=dead}}

• {{cite book

|title=The Hospitallers and the Holy Land: Financing the Latin East, 1187-1274

|first=Judith|last=Bronstein

|publisher=Boydell Press|date=2005|isbn=978-1-84383-131-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vVFpbui2E8QC&q=Careblier&pg=PA152}}

• {{cite book|last=Clermont-Ganneau|first=C.S.|author-link=Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau|title=Recueil d'archéologie orientale|url=https://archive.org/details/RecueilDarcheologieOrientaletome1|volume=1|year=1888|location=Paris|language=fr}}
• {{cite book

|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder

|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener

|year=1881

|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft

|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London

|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund

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• {{cite journal

| author = Conder, C.R.| author-link=Claude Reignier Conder

| title = Norman Palestine | journal = Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 22 | pages = 29–37 | url = https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme21pale| year = 1890

| doi=10.1179/peq.1890.22.1.29}} (p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme21pale#page/35/mode/1up 35])

• {{cite book

| last= Dauphin |first = C.|author-link= Claudine Dauphin

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| series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress

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• {{cite book

|last=Delaville Le Roulx|first=J.|author-link = Joseph Delaville Le Roulx

|title= Les archives, la bibliothèque et le trésor de l'Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem à Malte

|url=https://archive.org/details/lesarchiveslabib00dela |year=1883|publisher= E. Leroux |location= Paris

|language=fr, la}}

• {{cite book

|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}}

• {{cite journal | first1=Rafael | last1=Frankel | title=Topographical notes on the territory of Acre in the Crusader period | jstor=27926125| journal= Israel Exploration Journal | volume=38 | number= 4 | year=1988 | pages= 249–272}}
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|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin

|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine

|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr01unkngoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 1

|year=1880|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale

|location=Paris

|language=fr}}

• {{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center|access-date=2008-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208215837/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|archive-date=2018-12-08

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• {{cite book

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|year=1992|location=Washington D.C.|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies

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• {{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem

| year = 1932}}

• {{cite book

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|title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C

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• {{cite book

|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer

|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft

|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer

|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}}

• {{cite book

|last=Röhricht|first=R.|author-link=Reinhold Röhricht

|title= (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI)

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|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin

|language=la}}

• {{cite journal

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| title = Population list of the Liwa of Akka

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| pages = 169–191 | url =https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale

| year = 1888}}

• {{cite book

|editor-last=Strehlke | editor-first = E.| editor-link = Ernst Strehlke

|title=Tabulae Ordinis Theutonici ex tabularii regii Berolinensis codice potissimum

|url=https://archive.org/details/tabulaeordinist00stregoog|year=1869|publisher= Weidmanns

|location=Berlin}}

{{Refend}}

• [http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/al-Ruways/index.html al-Ruways] Palestine Remembered
• [http://www.zochrot.org/en/village/49476 al-Ruways], Zochrot
• Survey of Western Palestine, Map 5: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8368 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.05.jpg Wikimedia commons]
• [http://www.alnakba.org/villages/acre/alruways.htm al-Ruways] from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Centre
• {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110713080537/http://www.jalili48.com/pub/xENShowGallery.aspx?Sub=What_Remained_of_the_destroyed&Sub2=Al-Rweis Al-Rweis photos]}} from Dr. Moslih Kanaaneh

{{Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ruways, Al-}}

Category:Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War

Category:District of Acre

Category:1948 disestablishments in Israel