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Androsace

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the family Primulaceae}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Androsace laevigata 5662.jpg

|image_caption = Androsace laevigata in Olympic National Park, United States

|taxon = Androsace

|authority = L.

|subdivision_ranks = Sections

|subdivision = Andraspis

Androsace

Aretia

:Subsection Aretia

:Subsection Dicranothrix

Aizoidium

DouglasiaDouglasia and Vitaliana were formerly treated as separate genera.

Chamaejasme

:Subsection Chamaejasmoidea

:Subsection Villosae

Pseudoprimula

Vitaliana

| range_map = Androsace Distribution Map.svg

}}

Androsace, commonly known as rock jasmine,{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |title=English Names for Korean Native Plants |publisher=Korea National Arboretum |year=2015 |isbn=978-89-97450-98-5 |location=Pocheon |pages=352 |access-date=25 January 2016 |via=Korea Forest Service |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2017 }} is a genus of flowering plants in the family Primulaceae, second only to Primula in the number of species.{{cite journal |author1=Gerald M. Schneeweiss |author2=Peter Schönswetter |author3=Sylvia Kelso |author4=Harald Niklfeld |year=2004 |title=Complex biogeographic patterns in Androsace (Primulaceae) and related genera: evidence from phylogenetic analyses of nuclear internal transcribed spacer and plastid trnL-F sequences |journal=Systematic Biology |volume=53 |issue=6 |pages=856–876 |pmid=15764556 |jstor=4135374 |doi=10.1080/10635150490522566 |doi-access=free }} It is predominantly Arctic–alpine, with many species in the Himalayas (where the genus originated), the mountains of central Asia, the Caucasus, and the southern and central European mountain systems, particularly the Alps and the Pyrenees.

Plants of this genus are sometimes known as rock jasmines or fairy candelabras, and are widely cultivated for their dense cushions covered in white or pink flowers. There are roughly 110 species.[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6393,6396 Jepson Manual Treatment][http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=101696 Flora of China]

These plants have small entire or toothed leaves which form a basal rosette.{{Cite book|title=The Rock Garden Plant Primer|last=Grey-Wilson|first=Christopher|publisher=Timber Press|year=2001|location=London|pages=47}}

Taxonomy

Recent molecular studies show that the genera Douglasia (found in north-western North America and easternmost Siberia), Pomatosace (an Himalayan endemic) and Vitaliana (a European endemic) are nested within Androsace.Trift I., Anderberg A. A. and Källersjö M. 2002. The monophyly of Primula (Primulaceae) evaluated by analysis of sequences from the chloroplast gene rbcL. Systematic Botany 27(2):396-407 Phylogenetic studies have also demonstrated that the ancestor of Androsace first appeared about 35 Mya ago and was most probably an annual species.{{cite journal|author1=Florian C. Boucher |author2=Wilfried Thuiller |author3=Cristina Roquet |author4=Rolland Douzet |author5=Serge Aubert |author6=Nadir Alvarez |author7=Sébastien Lavergne |year=2012 |title=Reconstructing the origins of high-alpine niches and cushion life form in the genus Androsace s.l. (Primulaceae) |journal=Evolution |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=1255–1268 |doi=10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01483.x |pmid=22486702 |format=PDF proof |pmc=3999638 }} Evolution towards the denser morphology of cushions took place two times independently in Asia and in Europe.

=Species=

{{As of|2022|May}}, Plants of the World Online recognizes the following 166 species, including those formerly placed in Douglasia and Vitaliana.{{citation |title=Androsace L. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60437104-2 |access-date=2019-12-27 }}{{Citation |last1=Dixon |first1=C.J. |last2=Gutermann |first2=W. |last3=Schönswetter |first3=P. |last4=Schneeweiss |first4=G.M. |date=2016 |title=Taxonomy and nomenclature of the polymorphic European high mountain species Androsace vitaliana (L.) Lapeyr. (Primulaceae) |journal=PhytoKeys |issue=75 |pages=93–106 |doi=10.3897/phytokeys.75.10731 |pmid=28127247 |pmc=5234540 |name-list-style=amp |doi-access=free }}

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=Former ''Douglasia'' species=

The online Flora of North America placed nine species in Douglasia{{citation |first1=Sylvia |last1=Kelso |contribution=Douglasia |contribution-url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=110869 |access-date=2019-12-27 |editor-last=Flora of North America Editorial Committee |title=Flora of North America (online) |publisher=eFloras.org }}

that are now included in Androsace (names in Androsace from Plants of the World Online):

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

{{div col end}}

= New species described in 2021 =

A group of scientist disentangled the morphology and ecology of Androsace genius in the French Alps and described three new species in 2021:{{Cite journal|last1=Boucher|first1=Florian C.|last2=Dentant|first2=Cédric|last3=Ibanez|first3=Sébastien|last4=Capblancq|first4=Thibaut|last5=Boleda|first5=Martí|last6=Boulangeat|first6=Louise|last7=Smyčka|first7=Jan|last8=Roquet|first8=Cristina|last9=Lavergne|first9=Sébastien|date=2021-05-27|title=Discovery of cryptic plant diversity on the rooftops of the Alps|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=11|issue=1|pages=11128|doi=10.1038/s41598-021-90612-w|issn=2045-2322|pmc=8159976|pmid=34045566|bibcode=2021NatSR..1111128B}}

Cultivation

The following species have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. All are mat-forming evergreen perennials.

  • A. lanuginosa (woolly rock jasmine){{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/1170/i-Androsace-lanuginosa-i/Details

|title = RHS Plantfinder - Androsace lanuginosa

| publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date=12 January 2018}} - lilac pink

  • A. sempervivoides (sempervivum-leaved rock jasmine){{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/1193/i-Androsace-sempervivoides-i/Details

|title = RHS Plantfinder - Androsace sempervivoides

| publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date=12 January 2018}} - mauve pink

  • A. studiosorum (rock jasmine){{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/1197/i-Androsace-studiosorum-i/Details

|title = RHS Plantfinder - Androsace studiosorum

| publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date=12 January 2018}} - deep pink

References

{{Reflist|32em}}

External links

  • [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=101696 Flora of Pakistan]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20050203024723/http://www.androsace.org.uk/ The Androsace Group]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080820020954/http://www.androsaceworld.com/fotogallerij/photogallery.htm Androsace Photo Gallery]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q157361}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Alpine flora

Category:Primulaceae genera