Anthropomorpha
{{Short description|Obsolete primate taxon}}
{{Main|Primate#Historical and modern terminology}}
File:Hoppius Anthropomorpha.png vol. 6 (1763).
1. Troglodyta Bontii, 2. Lucifer Aldrovandi, 3. Satyrus Tulpii, 4. Pygmaeus Edwardi]]
Anthropomorpha (original spelling: Antropomorpha[https://books.google.com/books?id=6f45k6mLpEYC&q=Lemur&pg=PA3 Linnaeus, C.: Systema Naturae 1748]) is a defunct taxon, replaced by Primates.{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary |editor=Porter, N. |publisher=G & C. Merriam |year=1913|title=Anthropomorpha}}
The order was established by Carl Linnaeus in the first edition of his book Systema Naturae (1735) for genera Homo (humans), Simia (monkeys and apes in general) and Bradypus (sloths).{{cite book | author = Linnaeus, C. | year = 1735 | title = Systema naturae sive regna tria Naturae systematice proposita per classes, ordines, genera, & species| publisher = apud Theodorum Haak, Lugduni Batavorum | pages = s.p}} The taxon is notable for the history of human taxonomy as the first to combine apes (Linnaeus' Simia) and humans under the same clade.Sven Horstadius, Linnaeus, animals and man, Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 6 (December 1974), 269–275 (p. 273).
In the 1758 edition of the same book, Linnaeus discarded this name and began to use the word Primates, which has replaced Anthropomorpha completely. A dissertation on the Anthropomorpha was published by Linnaeus' student Christian Emmanuel Hoppius in 1760.{{cite journal|author=C. E. Hoppius|url=http://fmhibd.library.cmu.edu/HIBD-PDF/LinnaeanDiss/Liden-111.pdf |title=Anthropomorpha|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713012214/http://fmhibd.library.cmu.edu/HIBD-PDF/LinnaeanDiss/Liden-111.pdf |archive-date=2019-07-13|url-status=dead|journal=Amoenitates Academicae|date= 6 September 1760}}
The name is no longer considered valid, as the animals that were included within Anthropomorpha are now believed to belong to multiple clades. For example, two-toed sloths were included within Anthropomorpha,{{Cite news|newspaper=New York Times|title=Forgotten, Yes. But Happy Birthday Anyway|date=December 30, 2007|author=Conniff, R.|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/12/30/travel/30Cultured.html|access-date=2008-08-22}}{{unreliable source?|date=May 2018}} but are now considered to be in the family Choloepodidae, which is not closely related to the primates.{{MSW3 Gardner|pages=101|id=11800016}} Comte de Buffon {{year needed|date=May 2018}} correctly rejected the combination of sloths and primates within the same order.