Simia

In his Systema Naturae of 1758, Carl Linnaeus divided the Order Primates within Mammalia into four genera: Homo, Simia, Lemur, and Vespertilio. His Vespertilio included all bats, and has since been moved from Primates to Chiroptera.{{cite web | title = The Paleobiology Database | url = https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40692 | access-date =August 26, 2006}} Homo contained humans, Lemur contained four lemurs and a colugo, and Simia contained the other Primates. Linnaeus did not think that Homo should form a distinct group from Simia, classifying them separately mainly to avoid conflict with religious authorities.{{cite web |url=http://linnaeus.c18.net/Letters/display_txt.php?id_letter=L0783 |title=Letter, Carl Linnaeus to Johann Georg Gmelin. Uppsala, Sweden, 25 February 1747 |publisher=Swedish Linnaean Society |access-date=4 February 2009 |archive-date=27 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227174240/http://linnaeus.c18.net/Letters/display_txt.php?id_letter=L0783 |url-status=live }} If this is taken into account, Simia (including Homo) would be roughly equivalent to the Suborder Haplorhini of the Primates (while Lemur would be roughly equivalent to the Suborder Strepsirrhini).

Homo, Lemur, and Vespertilio have survived as generic names, but Simia has not. All the species have since been moved to other genera, and in 1929, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ruled in its Opinion 114 that Simia be suppressed.{{cite journal |author=International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature |author-link=International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature |year=1929 |title=Opinion 114. Under suspension Simia, Simia satyrus and Pithecus are suppressed |journal=Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections |volume=73 |issue=6 |pages=25–26 |url=https://archive.org/stream/smithsonianmisce73smit#page/n261/mode/2up/search/opinion+114}} The genus Simias is distinct and remains valid, containing a single species, the pig-tailed langur (Simias concolor).

The original genus Simia came to include these species:

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!Modern genus

!Modern common name

!Original scientific name

rowspan="1"|Carlito Groves and Shekelle, 2010

|Philippine tarsier

|Simia syrichta Linnaeus, 1758

rowspan="2"|Callithrix Erxleben, 1777

|Silvery marmoset

|Simia argentata Linnaeus, 1771

Common marmoset

|Simia jacchus Linnaeus, 1758

rowspan="1"|Leontopithecus Lesson, 1840

|Golden lion tamarin

|Simia rosalia Linnaeus, 1766

rowspan="3"|Saguinus Hoffmannsegg, 1807

|Brown-mantled tamarin

|Simia leonina Humboldt, 1806P. Hershkovitz: Living New World monkeys (Platyrrhini): with an introduction to Primates Univ. of Chicago Press 1977. {{ISBN|0-226-32788-4}}. S. 642ff

Red-handed tamarin

|Simia midas Linnaeus, 1758

Cotton-top tamarin

|Simia oedipus Linnaeus, 1758

rowspan="4"|Cebus Erxleben, 1777

|White-fronted capuchin

|Simia albifrons Humboldt, 1812

White-headed capuchin

|Simia capucina Linnaeus, 1758

rowspan="2"|Tufted capuchin

|Simia apella Linnaeus, 1758

rowspan="1"|Simia fatuellus Linnaeus, 1766