Antonov An-30#Variants
{{short description|Aerial survey aircraft}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox aircraft
| name = An-30
| image = File:An-30 - RA-26226.jpg
| caption =
| type = Aerial cartography, reconnaissance and transport
| manufacturer = Antonov
| designer = Beriev
| first_flight = 21 August 1967The prototype aircraft (a converted An-24 designated An-24FK) first flew on 21 August 1967. The first production An-30 first flew in 1974{{harvnb|Gordon|Komissarov|Komissarov|2003|p=75}}
| introduction = July 1968
| retired =
| status = In limited service
| primary_user = Ukrainian Air Force
| more_users = Bulgarian Air Force
Romanian Air Force
| developed_from = Antonov An-24
| variants =
}}
The Antonov An-30 (NATO reporting name: Clank), is a development of the An-24 designed for aerial cartography. It is the second member of the Antonov An-24 family, succeeding the An-24, while preceding the An-26, An-32 and cancelled An-132.
Development
The first aerial survey version of the Antonov An-24 was designed by the Beriev OKB and designated An-24FK. The FK stood for fotokartograficheskiy (photo mapping).{{harvnb|Gordon|Komissarov| Komissarov|2003|p=73}} The prototype was converted from a production An-24A at Beriev's No. 49 construction shop during 1966. The An-24FK made its first flight on 21 August 1967, with state acceptance trials being completed in 1970 and civil certification completed in 1974. Redesignated An-30, production began in 1971 at the Antonov factory. 123 production An-30s were manufactured between 1971 and 1980 in Kiev in two main versions.{{harvnb|Gunston|1995|p=31}}
=Total production=
class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; font-size: 96%;" | |||||||
Total Production{{cite web|url=http://russianplanes.net/planelist/Antonov/An-30|title=✈ russianplanes.net ✈ наша авиация|access-date=2015-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109235133/http://russianplanes.net/planelist/Antonov/An-30|archive-date=2015-11-09|url-status=live}}{{verify source|date=November 2015}}{{cite web|title=Antonov An -30 Aerial Car Aerial Cartography Aircraft – Air Force Technology|url=http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/antonov-an30/|website=Air Force Technology|publisher=Kable Intelligence LTD|access-date=9 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010023413/http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/antonov-an30/|archive-date=10 October 2015|url-status=live}}{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=August 2016}} | 1979 | 1978 | 1977 | 1976 | 1975 | 1974 | 1973 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|124 | 8 | 13 | 27 | 24 | 27 | 17 | 8 |
Design
File:Lukaviatrans Antonov An-30.jpg An-30A]]
The Antonov An-30 is a derivative of the An-24, fitted with an entirely new fuselage forward of frame 11. The fuselage nose is extensively glazed. Housed within the new nose section are the navigator and precise navigational equipment, including an optical sight for ensuring accuracy of aerial photography. To enable accurate and repeatable survey flights, standard equipment for the An-30 included computer flight path control technology.{{Cite book |author= Green, W |title= The Observer's Book of Aircraft (25th ed.) |publisher= Frederick Warne & Co |year= 1976 |isbn= 978-0-7232-1553-0}} This additional equipment replaced the radar on the An-24. The positioning of the new navigational equipment required the flightdeck to be raised by 41 cm in comparison to the An-24, giving the aircraft its other main feature, a hump containing the cockpit.
The radio operator and flight engineer sat in the first cabin aft of and below the flightdeck. The mission equipment was located further aft, in a cabin featuring five camera windows in the floor. Each camera window could be closed with covers to protect the glass panels. The covers were located in special fairings protruding from the fuselage underside. In the normal aerial photography role, four or five cameras were carried aboard. Three cameras were mounted vertically, intended for mapping purposes. The remaining two cameras were pointed at an angle of 28° on each side of the aircraft, for oblique photography. The same fuselage compartment contained workstations for two camera operators and a crew rest area.{{harvnb|Gordon|Komissarov|Komissarov|2003|p=74}}
The aircraft's cameras could be used between 2,000 and 7,000 m (6,500 and 23,000 ft) and the scale of the resultant photographs was between 1:200,000 and 1:15,000,000. The aircraft was supplied with four or five cameras.
The An-30 was powered by two Ivchenko AI-24VT turboprops with a takeoff rating of 2,820 ehp.
Operational history
In addition to its principal use as a survey aircraft, it has also been used by Bulgaria,{{cite book |last1=Clear |first1=Kirk W. |last2=Block |first2=Steven E. |url=https://www.dtra.mil/Portals/61/OpenSkies_book.pdf|title=The Treaty on Open Skies |location=Dulles, Virginia, USA |publisher=Defence Threat Reduction Agency Department of Defense|year=1999|pages=10, 62}} Czech Republic, Romania,{{cite web|url=https://www.forces.net/technology/aircraft/antonov-30-soviet-plane-still-proving-its-worth-today|title=Antonov AN-30: the Soviet-era plane still proving its worth|work=Forces News|date=20 July 2022}} Russia and Ukraine to carry out surveillance under the Open Skies Treaty.{{harvnb|Gordon| Komissarov | Komissarov |2003|pp=82–83}}
The An-30 has also been used as a weather control aircraft as the An-30M. Some have been fitted with frozen tanks of carbon dioxide to be ejected into the sky to form artificial rain clouds. These An-30s have also been put to use to avoid crop-damaging hailstorms and also to maintain good weather for, as examples, new airplane maiden flights, important parades like 1 May and the 850th anniversary of Moscow in September 1997.{{harvnb|Taylor|1999|p=160}}
Between 1971 and 1980 a total of 115 aircraft were built and 23 were sold abroad to Afghanistan, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Mongolia and Vietnam.
An-30s completely mapped Afghanistan in 1982, with one shot down by a MANPADS during an aerial photography flight in the Kabul area south of the Panjshir Valley on 11 March 1985.
Cuban An-30s saw active service in Angola in 1987.
On 22 April 2014, a Ukrainian An-30 was hit by pro-Russian separatists' small-arms fire while on a surveillance mission over the town of Sloviansk in eastern Ukraine. The plane landed safely with minor damage.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27106630|title=Ukraine crisis: Biden says Russia must 'start acting' – BBC News|access-date=2018-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104101132/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27106630|archive-date=2019-01-04|url-status=live|publisher=BBC News|date=2014-04-22}} On 6 June 2014, a Ukrainian An-30B was shot down near the city of Slavyansk in eastern Ukraine, reportedly by a MANPADS fired by local separatists.{{cite web|url=http://tvzvezda.ru/news/vstrane_i_mire/content/201406061920-pjzk.htm|title=Самолет-разведчик сбили над Славянском ополченцы – Телеканал "Звезда"|date=6 June 2014 |access-date=2014-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612015141/http://tvzvezda.ru/news/vstrane_i_mire/content/201406061920-pjzk.htm|archive-date=2014-06-12|url-status=live}}
Accidents
- On 23 May 2012, a Russian Open Skies An-30 caught fire during an emergency landing at an airport outside the Czech town of Čáslav. According to unconfirmed reports, the accident occurred because the crew were unable to extend the landing gear. Seven passengers were injured, out of 14 Russian and nine Czech citizens on board.{{cite web|url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_05_23/75706568/|title=Another Russian plane tragedy|access-date=2012-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621015341/http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_05_23/75706568/|archive-date=2012-06-21|url-status=dead}}
- On 3 October 2018, a Sudan Air Force An-30 crashed while landing at Khartoum airport.{{Cite news|url=https://twitter.com/SudanDefence/status/1047421539488915456|title=Sudan Defence Force on Twitter|work=Twitter|access-date=2018-10-03}}
Variants
;An-24FK
:The sole prototype converted from an An-24B with a navigator's station in an extensively glazed nose and elevated cockpit to give clearance for mission equipment.
;An-30A
:Version designed for civilian aviation. 65 were delivered to the Soviet Ministry of Civil Aviation, six to other Soviet civil organisations. 18 An-30As were built for export, seven of which were delivered to China.{{harvnb|Gordon|Komissarov| Komissarov |2003| p=77}}
;An-30B
:Version designed for the Soviet Air Force. 26 built. Main differences from An-30A was the avionics fit. Most An-30Bs were retrofitted with chaff/flare dispensers.{{harvnb|Gordon|Komissarov|Komissarov|2003|p=80}}
;An-30D Sibiryak
:Long-range version of the An-30A with increased fuel capacity, developed in 1990. Five aircraft were converted to An-30Ds. All were based at Myachkovo airfield near Moscow. This variant was used for ice monitoring, fisheries monitoring and as a transport aircraft. It had improved communication equipment, including a data-link system. Rescue equipment was also carried on board.{{harvnb|Gordon|Komissarov|Komissarov|2003|p=83}}
;An-30FG
:Czech designation for the single Czech Air Force An-30, after being retrofitted with a western weather radar.
;An-30M Meteozashchita
:Version equipped for weather research. It can spray dry ice into the atmosphere for weather control duties. The dry ice was stored in eight containers per 130 kg instead of the photographic equipment.
;An-30R
:A production An-30 CCCP-30055/RA-30055(c/n1101) converted to an NBC reconnaissance aircraft with air-sampling pods under the forward fuselage and other sensors for monitoring nuclear, biological and chemical warfare by-products. A second example, 30080, was acquired by the VVS, and had a single sampling pod on the port pylon and provision for dropping large flare bombs from the starboard pylon. An-30R RA-30055 was used for monitoring the plume from the Chernobyl No.4 nuclear reactor fire and became permanently radioactive in the process, being withdrawn from use immediately afterwards.
Operators
{{Acopmap|An-30|Military An-30 operators}}
File:Antonov An-30.JPG An-30]]
File:Antonov An-30 at the Ukrainian State Aviation Museum.JPG
= Military operators =
;{{BUL}}
- Bulgarian Air Force – one (as of 2017){{cite magazine |last=Przeworski |first=Marcin |date=July 2017 |title=Transportowa Europa cz.II |language= pl|magazine=Skrzydlata Polska |issue=7(2453)/2017|pages=38–46|issn=0137-866X}}{{cite web|url=http://www.pan.bg/view_article-1-335712-Uspeshno-oblitane-na-An-30-za-udylzhavane-na-resursa.html|title=Успешно облитане на Ан-30 за удължаване на ресурса – Авиация – Pan.bg|access-date=2016-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818135626/http://www.pan.bg/view_article-1-335712-Uspeshno-oblitane-na-An-30-za-udylzhavane-na-resursa.html|archive-date=2016-08-18|url-status=live}}
;{{ROU}}
- Romanian Air Force – three operated from 1976; currently two{{cite web|title=Romanian Armed Forces Equipment|url=http://www.armedforces.co.uk/Europeandefence/edcountries/countryromania.htm|work=European Defense Inventory|publisher=Armed Forces.co.uk|access-date=22 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228175513/http://www.armedforces.co.uk/Europeandefence/edcountries/countryromania.htm|archive-date=28 December 2012|url-status=live}} (as of 2017)
;{{RUS}}
;{{SUD}}
;{{UKR}}
- Ukrainian Air Force – three (as of 2017)
== Former military operators ==
;{{AFG}}
- Afghan Air Force received an An-30 in 1985.
;{{ANG}}
;{{CUB}}
;{{CZE}}
- Czech Air Force retired their An-30 in 2003.
;{{CZS}}
;{{MNG}}
;{{CHN}}
;{{USSR}}
;{{VIE}}
= Civil operators =
;{{Flagu|Congo}}
== Former civil operators ==
Specifications (An-30)
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89{{harvnb|Taylor|1988|pp=223–224}}
|prime units?=met
|crew=7
|length m=24.26
|length note=
|span m=29.20
|span note=
|height m=8.32
|height note=
|wing area sqm=74.98
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=11.4:1
|airfoil=root: TsAGI S-5-18; tip: TsAGI S-3-13{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}
|empty weight kg=15590
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=23000
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{convert|6200|L|USgal impgal|abbr=on}}
|more general=
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=Ivchenko AI-24TVT
|eng1 type=turboprop engines
|eng1 shp=2803
|eng1 note=equivalent
|eng2 number=1
|eng2 name=Sojuz (Tumanskij) RU-19A-300
|eng2 type=turbojet
|prop blade number=4
|prop name=constant-speed propellers
|prop dia m=
|prop dia note=
|max speed kmh=540
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kmh=430
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=2630
|range note=(with no reserves)
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=
|ceiling m=8300
|ceiling note=
|g limits=
|roll rate=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=
- Take-off run: {{cvt|710|m|0}}
- Landing run: {{cvt|670|m|0}}
|avionics=Five positions for large cameras. Other survey equipment can be fitted.
}}
See also
{{Aircontent
|related=
|similar aircraft=
|sequence=
|lists=
|see also=
}}
References
{{reflist}}
= Bibliography =
- {{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Yefim |last2=Komissarov |first2=Dmitriy |last3=Komissarov |first3=Sergey |title=Antonov's Turboprop Twins |year=2003 |location=Hinckley, UK |publisher=Midland Publishing |isbn=1-85780-153-9}}
- {{Cite book |last=Gunston |first=Bill |author-link =Bill Gunston|title=The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875 – 1995 |location=London |publisher=Osprey Aerospace|year=1995|isbn= 1-85532-405-9}}
- {{cite web |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/emptys/108161/world-air-forces-2014.pdf |title= World Air Forces 2014 |publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year= 2014 |access-date= 17 January 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131225081256/http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/emptys/108161/world-air-forces-2014.pdf |archive-date= 25 December 2013 |url-status= dead |ref={{harvid|Hoyle Flight International 2014}}}}
- {{cite news |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |title=World Air Forces 2022 |work=Flight International |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/download?ac=83735 |year=2021 |access-date=12 December 2021|ref={{harvid|Hoyle Flight International 2021}}}}
- {{cite book |editor-last=Taylor |editor-first=John W. R. |editor-link=John W. R. Taylor |title = Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89 |year=1988 |publisher=Jane's Defence Data |location=Coulsdon, UK |isbn=0-7106-0867-5}}
- {{cite book | editor-last=Taylor |editor-first= M. J. H. | title = Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000 | year = 1999 |location=London| publisher = Brassey's | isbn = 1-85753-245-7 }}
External links
{{commons category|Antonov An-30}}
- [http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?aircraft_genericsearch=Antonov%20An-30&distinct_entry=true Pictures of An-30]
- [http://english.pravda.ru/photo/report/An_30-3227 Photo gallery An-30 aircraft at Pravda.Ru]
{{Antonov aircraft}}
Category:1960s Soviet special-purpose aircraft