MIAT Mongolian Airlines

File:Boeing 727-281-Adv, MIAT Mongolian Airlines AN0220939.jpg in Beijing in 1995]]

File:Airbus A310-304, MIAT Mongolian Airlines JP6030496.jpg in Moscow in 2007]]

The start of aviation in Mongolia is attributed to 25 May 1925, when a Junkers F 13 given by the USSR to the Mongolian People's Republic landed in Ulaanbaatar. In 1946, the Civil Air Transport Department ({{Langx|mn|Иргэний агаарын тээврийн тасаг}}) started operations with eight aircraft. It conducted direct flights from Ulaanbaatar to nearby provinces Selenge, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Övörkhangai, Khentii, Sükhbaatar, Dornod and performed limited charter and unscheduled airmail flights to the more isolated provinces.{{Cite web |title=Монголын Агаарын хүчин үүссэн түүх :: www.touristinfocenter.mn |url=http://www.touristinfocenter.mn/cate14_more.aspx?ItemID=104 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=www.touristinfocenter.mn |language=en}}

The first batch of Mongolian flight crew for Antonov An-2 operations were sent to Irkutsk for training in 1955, graduating the next year and paving the way for regular domestic services. Regular flights started on 7 July 1956 using an Antonov An-2 from Ulaanbaatar to Irkutsk. The Ilyushin Il-14 was introduced in 1957,{{Cite web |title=MIAT Mongolian Airlines: Бидний тухай :: МИАТ ХК: Түүхэн замнал |url=https://www.miat.com/pagecontent.php?pageId=37&lang=mn |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=www.miat.com}} and by 1958, MIAT had a fleet of 14 Antonov An-2 and seven Ilyushin Il-14 aircraft.

The first Antonov An-24 turboprop aircraft was received in 1964. An-26 twin turboprops were also obtained in the era.

By 1970, the airline was conducting services to 130 separate airfields in the country, with 4-6 flights a week from Ulaanbaatar to province centers (accounting for 70% of passengers), and 2-3 flights a week from province centers to sum centers.

In 1987 it started regular international operations to Moscow, Irkutsk, and Beijing (opening representative offices in the three cities) with its first jet aircraft, a Tupolev Tu-154 on lease from Aeroflot.

In 1992, MIAT bought five Chinese Harbin Y-12 commuter aircraft for domestic flights. The same year, the president of the Hanjin Group (parent of Korean Air) gave a Boeing 727-200 to the airline, with two more acquired in subsequent years. These three aircraft were used until 2003.{{Cite web |title=MIAT Mongolian Airlines: Техникийн хөгжил :: Boeing 727 |url=https://www.miat.com/pagecontent.php?pageId=87&lang=mn |access-date=2023-03-29 |lang=mn |website=www.miat.com}} In 1993, MIAT was made into an independent state-owned enterprise.

International operations outside of the Soviet Union and China started in 1995 with regular flights to Seoul, followed by flights to Berlin and Osaka in 1996.

An Airbus A310 was leased in 1998, becoming MIAT's first Airbus plane.

The 1990s were a spotty era in MIAT's safety record, with four crashes of An-2, An-24, And Harbin Y-12 aircraft involving 139 fatalities. The last fatal crash was in 1998.{{Cite web |title=MIAT Mongolian Airlines |url=https://www.seatmaestro.com/airlines-seating-maps/miat-mongolian-airlines/history/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=SeatMaestro |language=en-US}}

A Boeing 737 was leased in 2002 to replace the ageing 727-200 fleet, and the same year flights to Tokyo were introduced.

Between 2003 and 2008, MIAT's An-24 and An-26 fleet was gradually retired. In April 2008, MIAT received its second Boeing 737-800 aircraft on lease from CIT Aerospace.{{cite web|url=http://www.miat.com/history.php |title=History |access-date=5 May 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029011524/http://www.miat.com/history.php |archive-date=29 October 2012 }} In July 2008, MIAT ended scheduled domestic flights completely, briefly resuming scheduled domestic flights to Mörön and Khovd in June 2009.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

In late 2009, MIAT flew charter flights to Hong Kong and Sanya, a popular resort city in Hainan, China. In June 2010, the airline's flights were brought to a halt due to a mechanics' strike. However, the situation was resolved by replacing the CEO and Technical Director.

In early 2011, MIAT signed an agreement with Air Lease Corporation to lease two former China Eastern Airlines Boeing 767-300ERs until 2013. The first aircraft entered service in May 2011 with the second following in November 2011.{{cite web |url=http://www.miat.com/news.php?newsid=68&newscatid=1 |title=МИАТ ХК-ийн түрээслэн авч буй Боинг 767 онгоцны танилцуулга |lang=mn |date=2011-06-10 |access-date=21 June 2011}} In 2011 the Airbus A310 was retired after serving MIAT Mongolian Airlines for 13 years.

In June 2011, MIAT began regular flights to Hong Kong. The company also ordered three aircraft, a Boeing 767-300ER and two Boeing 737-800s, to be delivered in 2013 and 2016 respectively.{{cite web |url=http://www.airlinenewsresource.com/article55873Boeing_Celebrates______th_Order_for_the_____Family.html |title=Boeing Celebrates 8,888th Order for the 737 Family |date=2011-06-21 |access-date=21 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909034735/http://www.airlinenewsresource.com/article55873Boeing_Celebrates______th_Order_for_the_____Family.html |archive-date=9 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.miat.com/news.php?newsid=70&newscatid=1 |title=Боинг компаниас онгоц худалдан авах гэрээнд гарын үсэг зурлаа |date=2011-06-21 |access-date=21 June 2011}} The order marks the first time in two decades that MIAT has chosen to expand its fleet by purchasing new aircraft straight from the manufacturer rather than leasing them.

In January 2019, MIAT announced flights to Shanghai and Guangzhou in China to start in the summer of 2019.{{cite news |last1=A |first1=Tuguldur |title=Зуны нислэгийн хуваарьт Шанхай, Гуанжу чиглэлийн нислэгүүд нэмэгдэнэ |url=https://ikon.mn/n/1gxw |access-date=2 January 2019 |agency=Ikon.mn |date=2 January 2019}} In addition, it announced the leasing of three Boeing 737 MAX aircraft to be delivered in January, May, and October 2019, thereby replacing two of its aircraft whose leases were due to expire in 2019,{{cite news |last1=B |first1=Jargalmaa|title=МИАТ 2019 онд "Boeing 737 МAX-8" загварын ГУРВАН онгоц түрээсэлнэ |url=https://ikon.mn/n/1gxz |access-date=2 January 2019 |agency=Ikon.mn |date=2 January 2019}} together with the implementation of a self-checking system.

In 2019, it was announced that MIAT had acquired a Boeing 787-9 on lease from Air Lease Corporation, to be delivered in 2021.{{Cite web |title=MIAT - Mongolian Airlines secures one B787-9 |url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/81925-miat-mongolian-airlines-secures-one-b787-9 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=ch-aviation |language=en}} This was disrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a modified order of two Boeing 787-9s to be delivered starting in 2023, with flights being planned to Shanghai-Pudong, Ho Chi Minh, Singapore, and San Francisco.{{Cite web |title=Mongolia's MIAT to take first B787-9 in 2Q23 |url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/124713-mongolias-miat-to-take-first-b787-9-in-2q23 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=ch-aviation |language=en}}

During the COVID-19 pandemic on 21 June 2020, MIAT performed the first non-stop flight (for repatriation and aid purposes) between Mongolia and North America in history with a Boeing 767-300 flown between Ulaanbaatar and Seattle.{{Cite web |date=2020-06-29 |title=First ever nonstop flight from Mongolia to US delivers PPE to Navajo Nation |url=https://www.intellinews.com/first-ever-nonstop-flight-from-mongolia-to-us-delivers-ppe-to-navajo-nation-186437/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.intellinews.com |language=en}} It performed similar repatriation and charter services during the pandemic to Sydney{{Cite web |title=МИАТ-ийн онгоц Австрали, Филиппинээс 262 иргэнээ суулган, Улаанбаатарын зүг хөөрлөө |url=https://itoim.mn/article/mB2Lw/21941 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=itoim.mn |date=8 June 2020 |language=mn}} and Johannesburg,{{Cite web |last=iKon.mn |first=А. Намуун |date=2021-04-23 |title=МИАТ компани Африк тив рүү анх удаа нислэг үйлдлээ |url=https://ikon.mn/n/276o |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=ikon.mn |language=en}} flying to the continents of Australia and Africa for the first time.

In October 2022, MIAT became the first carrier to fly a Boeing 737-MAX into China after the latter's flight regulator grounded all 737 MAX aircraft in March 2019.{{Cite news |title=Mongolian airline's Boeing 737 MAX flight in China the first since 2019 -FlightRadar24 |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/boeing-737-max-flight-by-mongolian-airline-lands-china-flight-tracking-sites-2022-10-10/ |access-date=28 Apr 2024 |work=Reuters}}

Starting June 2023, MIAT resumed its domestic operations, with flights to seven new destinations in Mongolia as well as restarting flights to Khovd and Mörön after 15 years. This was done in line with the government's program of '2023-2025 – The Years to Visit Mongolia' to promote and support tourism in Mongolia.{{Cite web |title=МИАТ орон нутгийн найман чиглэлд 6-р сарын 30-наас шууд нислэг үйлдэхээр боллоо |url=https://montsame.mn/mn/read/321187 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=MONTSAME News Agency |language=mn}} As part of this change, MIAT wet-leased a Bombardier CRJ-200 and Boeing 767 to increase capacity.{{Cite web |title=Mongolia's MIAT adds wet-leased CRJ200, B767 |url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/128994-mongolias-miat-adds-wet-leased-crj200-b767 |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=ch-aviation |language=en}}{{cite web |url=https://montsame.mn/en/read/322460 |title=MIAT Conducting Scheduled Flights to Domestic Destinations with Reduced Price |author=Ooluun B. |date=2023-07-02 |access-date=2023-11-04}}

In August 2023{{Cite web |date=2023-08-11 |title=АНУ, Австрали, Сингапур улс руу "В787-9" агаарын хөлгөөр нислэг үйлдэнэ |url=https://mongolia.gov.mn/news/view/26769/mn |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=mongolia.gov.mn |language=mn}} and April 2024,{{Cite web |last=Б.Манлай |date=2024-04-25 |title="AerCap" компаниас хоёр дахь Боинг 787-9 агаарын хөлөг иржээ |url=https://ikon.mn/n/34qu |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=ikon.mn |language=en}} MIAT announced the arrival of two Boeing 787s, to be used to fly routes to Frankfurt, Istanbul, and Seoul initially.

In April 2024, MIAT received its first Bombardier CRJ700 for use in domestic routes in "MIAT Regional" Branding, increasing its domestic capacity.{{Cite web |last=ikon.mn |date=2024-04-28 |title="Мазаалай" CRJ-700 агаарын хөлөг өнөөдөр анхны нислэгээ үйлдлээ |url=https://ikon.mn/n/34sr |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=ikon.mn |language=en}}

As of October 2023, MIAT Mongolian Airlines served the following destinations.{{cite web|url=https://www.miat.com/pagecontent.php?pageId=11&lang=en|title=Route map|website=miat.com}}

MIAT Mongolian Airlines plans to transform Mongolia into a major air transit hub, leveraging its strategic geographical location between Europe and Asia. The airline aims to increase its transit passenger numbers significantly, targeting 24,000 passengers in 2024 and projects a revenue boost of 1 trillion MNT ($333 million).{{Cite web |last=Weekly |first=Mongolia |date=2024-05-21 |title=Can Mongolia Become the Next Major Air Transit Hub? |url=https://www.mongoliaweekly.org/post/can-mongolia-become-the-next-major-air-transit-hub |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=Mongolia Weekly |language=en}} This initiative involves significant infrastructure upgrades at Chinggis Khaan International Airport, enhanced marketing strategies, and forming strategic partnerships to offer competitive pricing and high service standards, positioning Mongolia as a viable alternative to established transit hubs.

MIAT Mongolian Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:

• Aeroflot{{cite web|url=http://pharmaintelligence.informa.com/en-US/products-and-services/data-and-analysis/datamonitor-healthcare|title=Datamonitor Healthcare - Pharma intelligence|access-date=5 May 2017}}
• Air China{{Cite web |date=5 Nov 2024 |title=MIAT Mongolian Airlines and Air China sign codeshare agreement |url=https://centreforaviation.com/news/miat-mongolian-airlines-and-air-china-sign-codeshare-agreement-1289465 |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=centreforaviation.com News for Airlines, Airports and the Aviation Industry {{!}} CAPA}}
• Cathay Pacific{{cite web|url=https://www.cathaypacific.com/cx/en_HK/about-us/press-room/press-release/2017/Cathay-Pacific-announces-new-codeshare-agreement-with-MIAT-Mongolian-Airlines.html|title=Cathay Pacific announces new codeshare agreement with MIAT Mongolian Airlines|access-date=28 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005050709/https://www.cathaypacific.com/cx/en_HK/about-us/press-room/press-release/2017/Cathay-Pacific-announces-new-codeshare-agreement-with-MIAT-Mongolian-Airlines.html|archive-date=5 October 2017|url-status=dead}}
• Japan Airlines{{cite web |url=https://press.jal.co.jp/en/release/202002/005474.html |title=JAL Group - PRESS RELEASES - Japan Airlines and MIAT Mongolian Airlines Agree on Codeshare Partnership Effective March 31, 2020 |website=press.jal.co.jp |date=5 February 2020 |access-date=14 February 2020}}
• Korean Air{{cite web|url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/69973/korean-airmiat-mongolian-airlines-launch-codeshare/|title=Korean Air/MIAT Mongolian Airlines launch codeshare|publisher=Routesonline|date=19 March 2010}}
• Turkish Airlines{{cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/230109-tkom|title=TURKISH AIRLINES / MIAT MONGOLIAN BEGINS CODESHARE SERVICE IN JAN 2023|publisher=Aeroroutes|date=9 January 2023}}

File:MIAT Mongolian Airlines, EI-CXV, Boeing 737-8CX (37917061824).jpg.]]

File:EI-MNG (29 Jun 2023).jpg.]]

File:JU-1021@PEK (20200527092852).jpg.]]

File:MIAT Mongolian Airlines Boeing 787-9 EI-MGL.jpg.]]

As of February 2025, MIAT Mongolian Airlines operates a fleet consisting of the following aircraft:{{Cn|date=February 2025}}