Arban's Complete Conservatory Method for Trumpet
{{Short description|Trumpet method book}}
{{Infobox book
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| name = Arban's Complete Conservatory Method for Trumpet
| image = Arban's world renowned method for the cornet (1879).pdf
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| alt = Arban's world-renowned method for the cornet (1879)
| caption = Front cover of the 1879 edition
| author = Jean-Baptiste Arban
| title_orig = La grande méthode complète de cornet à piston et de saxhorn par Arban
| orig_lang_code = fr
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| subject = Musical Instruments: Studies and exercises, Cornet music, Trumpet music
| genre = Sheet music
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Arban's Complete Conservatory Method for Trumpet is a method book for students of trumpet, cornet, and other brass instruments. The original edition, Grande méthode complète de cornet à pistons et de saxhorn), was written and composed by Jean-Baptiste Arban (1825-1889) and published in Paris by Léon Escudier in 1864.{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M9tzbqesdPEC&dq=%22grande+m%C3%A9thode+compl%C3%A8te%22+arban+bibliographie&pg=PA185 |title=Bibliographie de la France, p.185, r.939 |date=16 April 1864 |website=Google Books |publisher=BNF |access-date=2023-07-07}} It was reissued by multiple publishers, with notable revisions made by {{ill|Thomas H. Rollinson|nl}} published in 1879 by J.W. Pepper; Edwin Franko Goldman, published in 1893 by Carl Fischer; and Claude Gordon, published in 1982 also by Carl Fischer. It contains hundreds of exercises ranging from basic to advanced compositions, with later editions also including a selection of popular themes as solos and duets by various composers, and several original compositions by Arban including his famous arrangement of Carnival of Venice.{{cite book | url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/ap:10:0::NO:10:P10_ACCESSION_NUM:osu1302723971 | title=An examination of Jean Maire's edition of J.B. Arban's Grande méthode complète pour cornet à pistons et de saxhorn (c.1859) and its contribution to modern trumpet pedagogy, with suggested augmentations of Maire's edition based on identification of requisite technical skills inherent in trumpet performance | publisher=Ohio State University | author=Gates, Charles R. | year=1992 | location=Columbus | oclc=30720266 | access-date=2015-03-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402125216/https://etd.ohiolink.edu/ap:10:0::NO:10:P10_ACCESSION_NUM:osu1302723971 | archive-date=2015-04-02 | url-status=dead }}
Structure
=Introduction=
In the introduction, Arban covers the range of the cornet (trumpet). He also details alternate fingerings and describes the use of the tuning slide. Arban says in his opinion that the mouthpiece should be two-thirds on the lower lip and one-third on the upper. Arban then stresses the proper "attack" technique. He uses the "tu" pronunciation, which in French is said with the tongue in the "tee" position. Arban concludes with proper breathing technique (see diaphragmatic breathing).{{cite book | title=Arban's Complete Conservatory Method for Trumpet Platinum Edition | publisher=Carl Fischer Music | author=Arban, Jean-Baptiste | year=2005 | isbn=9780825858529}}{{rp|pages=5–9}}
=I. First Studies=
Arban then begins his method with a focus on tone (Studies 1-10). The next studies (11-50) familiarize students with fingerings and develop their range. These studies intend to instill in the student precision in attacking the notes. The next section, devoted to syncopation, goes from a simple quarter-half-quarter rhythm to a sixteenth-eighth-sixteenth repeated rhythm. Arban next focuses on the dotted eighth-sixteenth and eighth-double sixteenth rhythms. He ends the First Studies with 10 studies on the {{music|time|6|8}} meter.{{rp|pages=11–36}}
=II. Playing Methods: Slurring or Legato Playing=
This section focusses on slurring and legato playing. It begins with simple slurs that are accomplished by the variation of valves. The suggestion is made pronouncing "taw-ee" while playing.{{rp|page=39}} The editor recommends adding little more air on the top note. (Such a technique is also needed to accomplish trills.){{rp|page=39}} Arban devotes half of the whole section to lip slurs. He concludes with a series of advanced studies combining slurred and staccato playing.
=III. Scales=
File:Arbans page 22 chromatic study.png
Arban's series on scales includes studies of major, minor, and chromatic scales, as well as numerous variations thereof. Arban admits to giving minor scales "limited treatment," but Gordon refutes this by citing the nonexistence of "limits on the use of the Trumpet and Cornet."{{rp|page=57}}
=IV. Ornaments=
{{Main|Ornament (music)}}
Next, Arban teaches the student the various ornaments that can be played on a trumpet or cornet. He details the simple appoggiatura, grace note (short appoggiatura), portamento, double appoggiatura, the turn, the trill, and the mordent. Arban concludes the fourth section by combining the various ornaments and integrating them into various tunes.
=V. More Advanced Studies=
The "more advanced studies" include studies on intervals; broken octaves and tenths; triplets; the four-sixteenth rhythmic figure; major and minor arpeggios; the dominant seventh arpeggio; and cadenzas.
=VI. Tonguing=
Next, Arban focuses on triple tonguing, double tonguing, and fanfare tonguing. Arban uses various "tu-ku" pronunciation combinations, and Gordon subsequently replaces these with "tee-kee" combinations.{{rp|page=153}} In his studies on double tonguing, Arban includes a score of studies in which he combines double tonguing with slurs occurring on various beats and within them.{{rp|pages=183–187}}
=The Art of Phrasing: 150 Classic and Popular Melodies=
The Art of Phrasing was written by Arban in 1866, but was never added to the original French edition of the Method. These songs and duets first appeared in the American Edition of the Arban Method published by the Jean White Company in 1872. This new version added 28 duets entitled 28 Recreations, 32 Melodies, and 100 Art of the Phrasing songs. J.W. Pepper and Carl Fischer also added the Art of Phrasing to their Arban Methods in the late 1800s.
=68 Duets for Two Cornets=
As in his other sections, Arban progresses from simple pieces to more challenging ones.
=14 Characteristic Studies=
Before his final 12 fantasias, Arban provides 14 challenging characteristic studies. His concluding remarks are:
Those of my readers who… want to attain… perfection, should… try to hear good music well interpreted. They must seek out… the most illustrious models, and… purify their taste, verify their sentiments, and bring themselves as near as possible to that which is beautiful.{{rp|page=283}}
These passages are challenging and are longer than all of the previous sections' pieces. Each is a full page long (in the platinum edition), and they crescendo in difficulty as they progress; the fourteenth study is two pages long and the only piece in this section in {{music|time|12|8}} time.
class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ class="nowrap"| Characteristic Studies | ||||
No. | Tempo Marking | Written Keys | Meter | Subdivision |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Allegro moderato {{music|quarter}} {{=}} 96 | C major, E-flat major, D major, and G major | {{music|common-time}} | Sixteenth note |
2 | Legato {{music|quarter}} {{=}} 120 | E major and E-flat major | {{music|common-time}} | Sixteenth note and Eighth note |
3 | Moderato {{music|quarter}} {{=}} 86 | C major, F major, D major, and G major | {{music|common-time}} | Sixteenth note triplet and Sixteenth note |
4 | Allegretto {{music|quarter}} {{=}} 88 | E minor, G major, C major, A minor, and A-flat major | {{music|time|2|4}} | Sixteenth note triplet and Sixteenth note alternation |
5 | Allegro {{music|quarter}} {{=}} 104 | C major | {{music|time|2|4}} | Sixteenth note triplet and Sixteenth note alternation |
6 | Moderato {{music|quarter}} {{=}} 76 | F major and D major | {{music|time|6|8}} | Sixteenth note |
7 | Allegro {{music|quarter}} {{=}} 104 | C major, A-flat major, and B major | {{music|time|2|4}} | Sixteenth note triplet and Eighth note |
8 | Allegro moderato {{music|quarter}} {{=}} 104 | D minor and F major | {{music|common-time}} | Sixteenth note |
9 | Allegro {{music|quarter}} {{=}} 124 | B-flat major | {{music|common-time}} | Sixteenth note |
10 | Allegro {{music|quarter}} {{=}} 124 | G minor, C minor, and D major | {{music|common-time}} | Sixteenth note |
11 | Allegretto {{music|quarter}} {{=}} 96 | C major, A-flat major, and D-flat major | {{music|common-time}} | Sixteenth note |
12 | Allegro moderato {{music|quarter}} {{=}} 100 | F minor, D-flat major, and C major | {{music|time|3|4}} | Sixteenth note |
13 | Allegro non troppo {{music|quarter}} {{=}} 96 | C major | {{music|time|2|4}} | Sixteenth note triplet |
14 | Legato chromatique {{music|quarter}} {{=}} 76 | C major and F major | {{music|time|12|8}} | Sixteenth note and Thirty-second note |
=12 Celebrated Fantasies and Airs Varies=
In addition to the eleven fantasias (fantasies) for B-flat cornets, there is one for the A cornet ("Fantasie and Variations on Acteon"). Arban's celebrated composition "Fantasie and Variations on The Carnival of Venice" is the eleventh fantasia in the list.
class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ class="nowrap"| Pieces | |||
No. | Arban's Title | Concert Key | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Fantaisie and Variations on a Cavatina from Beatrice di Tenda by V. Bellini | B-flat major | Introduction, Theme, Var. I, Var. II, Var. III and Finale I, and Finale II |
2 | Fantaisie and Variations on Actéon | D major | Introduction (in D minor), Theme, Var. I, and Finale |
3 | Fantaisie Brillante | B-flat minor | Introduction, Theme, Var. I, Var. II, and Var. III |
4 | Variations on a Tyrolean Song | B-flat major | Introduction (in F major), Theme, Var. I, Var. II, Var. III., Var. IV, and Rondo |
5 | Variations on a song Vois-tu la neige qui brille (The Beautiful Snow) | E-flat major | Theme, Var. I, Var. II, Var. III, and Finale |
6 | Cavatina and Variations | B-flat major | Introduction (in F major), Theme, Var. I, Var. II, and Var. III |
7 | Air Varié on a Folk Song: The Little Swiss Boy | B-flat major | Introduction, Theme, Var. I, Var. II, Var. III (in G-flat major), and Var. IV et Finale |
8 | Caprice and Variations | E-flat major | Introduction (in B-flat major), Theme, Var. I, Var. II, and Var. III |
9 | Fantaisie and Variations on a German Theme | E-flat major | Introduction (in B-flat major), Theme, Var. I, Var. II, Var. III, and Finale |
10 | Variations on a favorite theme by C.M. von Weber | E-flat major | Introduction (in B-flat major), Theme, Var. I, Var. II, Var. III, and Var. IV (in B-flat major) |
11 | Fantaisie and Variations on The Carnival of Venice | E-flat major | Introduction, Theme, Var. I, Var. II, Var. III, and Var. IV |
12 | Variations on a theme from Norma by V. Bellini | B-flat major | Introduction (in E-flat major), Theme, Var. I, Var. II, and Finale |
Titles and versions
Arban’s book has been published with different titles, and with variations for different instruments.
- Arban ́s Complete Celebrated Method for the CornetArban, Jean-Baptiste. Arban ́s Complete Celebrated Method for the Cornet. Europäischer Musikverlag. 2014. {{ISBN|9783956980831}}
- My First Arban; For the Developing StudentArban, Jean-Baptiste and Foster, Robert E. My First Arban; For the Developing Student. Carl Fischer Music Publisher. 2001.{{ISBN|978-0825841903}}
- Arban Method for Trombone and BaritoneArban, Jean-Baptiste. Arban Method for Trombone and Baritone. Carl Fischer Music Publisher. 2013. {{ISBN|978-0825848865}}
- Arban’s Complete Conservatory Method for TrumpetArban, Jean-Baptiste. Arban's Complete Conservatory Method for Trumpet. Dover Publications. 2011. {{ISBN|978-0486479552}}
- Arban’s Famous Method for TromboneArban, Jean-Baptiste. Arban's Famous Method for Trombone. Carl Fischer. 1936. {{ISBN|978-0825802546}}
- Complete Conservatory Method for CC TubaArban, Jean-Baptiste. Arban: Complete Conservatory Method for CC Tuba. {{ISBN|978-1491153826}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category-inline|Jean-Baptiste Arban Method for Cornet|Jean-Baptiste Arban's Method for Cornet}}{{Cornets}}
{{Music methods}}