Architecture of Berlin

File:Berlin, Kreuzberg, Kloedenstrasse 1-1A, Mietshaus.jpg) in Kreuzberg built in 1890.{{cite web | url=https://interaktiv.morgenpost.de/so-alt-wohnt-berlin/ | title=Alt- oder Neubau? So wohnt Berlin }}]]

17% of Berlin's buildings are Gründerzeit or earlier and nearly 25% are of the 1920's and 1930's, when Berlin played a part in the origin of modern architecture.{{cite web | url=https://interaktiv.morgenpost.de/so-alt-wohnt-berlin/ | title=Alt- oder Neubau? So wohnt Berlin }}{{Cite web |title=Berlin Modernism Housing Estates |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1239 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=whc.unesco.org}} Berlin was heavily bombed during World War II, and many buildings which survived the war were demolished during the 1950s and 1960s. Much of this demolition was initiated by municipal programs for new residential, business and road construction.

Eastern Berlin has many Plattenbauten: reminders of Eastern Bloc planned residential areas, with shops and schools in a ratio fixed to the number of residents. The plain appearance of Plattenbau housing does not promote gentrification, and may be a factor that helps preserve social continuity for local residents and neighborhoods, according to architect David Chipperfield.{{Cite web|title = Urban experiment Berlin|url = http://www.dw.com/en/urban-experiment-berlin/av-18759802|website = Deutsche Welle – Arts 21|accessdate = 2015-10-08|date = 2015-10-03|archive-date = 11 October 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151011023544/http://www.dw.com/en/urban-experiment-berlin/av-18759802|url-status = dead}}

The ongoing construction makes Berlin very much a "work in progress," even in 2015.{{Cite web|title = David Chipperfield: 6 thoughts on Berlin and architecture|url = http://www.dw.com/en/david-chipperfield-6-thoughts-on-berlin-and-architecture/a-18753506|website = Deutsche Welle – Arts|accessdate = 2015-10-08|date = 2015-01-10|last = Traube|first = Rainer}}

File:Funkturm seen from Drachenberg Berlin during sunrise 2020-09-14 12.jpg

The Fernsehturm (TV tower), at Alexanderplatz in Mitte, is among the tallest structures in the European Union at {{convert|368|m|ft|sp=us}}. Built in 1969, it can be seen from many of Berlin's central districts, and the city may be viewed from its {{convert|204|m|ft|adj=on}}-high observation floor. From here the Karl-Marx-Allee, lined with monumental residential buildings from the Stalin era, heads east. Adjacent to this area is the Rotes Rathaus (City Hall), with its distinctive red-brick architecture. In front of City Hall is the Neptunbrunnen, a fountain featuring a mythological group of Tritons (personifications of the four main Prussian rivers) under Neptune.

The Gendarmenmarkt, a neoclassical square in Berlin named for the quarters of the 18th-century Gens d'armes regiment located in the city,{{cite web|title=Gendarmenmarkt|url=http://www.europe-cities.com/en/786/germany/berlin/place/22335_gendarmenmarkt/|work=Berlin by europe-cities|publisher=europe-cities.com|accessdate=15 December 2012|year=2004–2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930014022/http://www.europe-cities.com/en/786/germany/berlin/place/22335_gendarmenmarkt/|archive-date=30 September 2013|url-status=dead}} is bordered by two similarly designed cathedrals: the Französischer Dom, with its observation platform, and the Deutscher Dom. The Konzerthaus (Concert Hall), home of the Berlin Symphony Orchestra, stands between the two cathedrals.{{cite web|title=Gendarmenmarkt, Berlin|url=http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Germany/Land_Berlin/Berlin-75302/Things_To_Do-Berlin-Gendarmenmarkt-BR-1.html|work=virtual tourist|publisher=VirtualTourist.com, Inc|accessdate=15 December 2012|author=slothtraveller|date=18 October 2012}}

Museum Island, in the River Spree, houses five museums built between 1830 and 1930 and was named a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1999.{{cite web|title=Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin|url=http://www.unesco.de/315.html?L=1|work=German Commission for UNESCO|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=15 December 2012|year=2012}} Restoration and construction of a main entrance to all of the city's museums and the reconstruction of the Berlin Palace (Stadtschloss) on the island{{cite web |url=http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/newsticker/neumann--stadtschloss-wird-teurer,10917074,10924086.html |title=Neumann: Stadtschloss wird teurer |work=Berliner Zeitung |language=de |date=24 June 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2012 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203200703/http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/newsticker/neumann--stadtschloss-wird-teurer,10917074,10924086.html |url-status=dead }} has cost over two billion euros since Germany's reunification.{{cite web |url=http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/die-nullerjahre--nation-building---der-wiedervereinigte-staat-baut-sich-eine-neue-hauptstadt-das-pathos-der-berliner-republik,10810590,10717494.html |title=Das Pathos der Berliner Republik |work=Berliner Zeitung |language=de |date=19 May 2010 |accessdate=7 April 2012 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203200702/http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/die-nullerjahre--nation-building---der-wiedervereinigte-staat-baut-sich-eine-neue-hauptstadt-das-pathos-der-berliner-republik,10810590,10717494.html |url-status=dead }}

Adjacent to the Lustgarten and palace on the island is Berlin Cathedral, emperor William II's ambitious attempt to create a Protestant counterpart to St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.{{cite web|title=Berliner Dom, Berlin|url=http://www.sacred-destinations.com/germany/berlin-berliner-dom|work=Sacred Destinations|accessdate=15 December 2012|date=29 March 2010}} A large crypt houses the remains of some of the early Prussian royal family. The church is now owned by the Protestant umbrella Union of Evangelical Churches (UEK). Like many other buildings, it suffered extensive damage during the Second World War and required restoration. Berlin's best-preserved church, the medieval Church of St. Mary's, is the first preaching venue—Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church is the second—of the Bishop of the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO, a Protestant regional church body). St. Hedwig's Cathedral is Berlin's Roman Catholic cathedral.{{cite web|title=Welcome!|url=http://www.hedwigs-kathedrale.de/en/domgemeinde/welcome|work=St. Hedwigs-Kathedrale Berlin|publisher=Dompfarramt St. Hedwig|accessdate=15 December 2012|author=Arduino Marra|year=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327052203/http://www.hedwigs-kathedrale.de/en/domgemeinde/welcome|archive-date=27 March 2013|url-status=dead}}

File:Über den Dächern von Berlin.jpg

Unter den Linden is a tree-lined east–west avenue from the Brandenburg Gate to the Berlin Palace (Berliner Stadtschloss), and was Berlin's premier promenade. Many classical buildings line the street, and part of Humboldt University is located there. Friedrichstraße was Berlin's legendary street during the Roaring Twenties, and combines 20th-century tradition with modern Berlin architecture.

File:BrandenburgTor in early morning light.jpg]]

The Brandenburg Gate is an iconic landmark of Berlin and Germany which appears on Germany's euro coins (10-cent, 20-cent and 50-cent). The Reichstag building is the traditional seat of the German Parliament, which was renovated during the 1950s after severe World War II damage.{{cite web|title=Berlin: Why did the Soviet Union really collapse|url=http://famouswonders.com/berlin/|work=Famous Wonders|publisher=Famouswonders.com|accessdate=15 December 2012|year=2011}} The building was again remodeled by British architect Norman Foster during the 1990s and features a glass dome over the session area, which allows free public access to parliamentary proceedings and a view of the city.{{cite web|title=Rebuilding the Nation: Norman Foster's Reichstag Renovation and Daniel Libeskind's Jewish Museum Berlin|url=https://www.academia.edu/1105960|work=Academia.edu|publisher=Academia|accessdate=15 December 2012|author=Peter Chametzky|year=2012}}

File:Siegessaeule Aussicht 10-13 img3 Potsdamer Platz.jpg]]

Potsdamer Platz is a quarter built after 1995, following the demolition of the Berlin Wall.{{cite web|url=http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/bauen/baubilanz/en/potsdamer_platz.html |title=Construction and redevelopment since 1990 |work=Senate Department of Urban Development |accessdate=18 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610103008/http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/bauen/baubilanz/en/potsdamer_platz.html |archivedate=10 June 2008 }} To the west is the Kulturforum, housing the Gemäldegalerie and flanked by the Neue Nationalgalerie and the Berliner Philharmonie.{{cite web|title=Sonderausstellungshallen Kulturforum|url=http://www.smb.museum/smb/standorte/index.php?lang=en&p=2&objID=6369&n=2&r=1|work=Staatliche Museen zu Berlin|accessdate=15 December 2012|year=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022132931/http://www.smb.museum/smb/standorte/index.php?lang=en&p=2&objID=6369&n=2&r=1|archive-date=22 October 2012|url-status=dead}} The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, a Holocaust memorial, is to the north.{{Cite news|url=http://travel2.nytimes.com/2005/05/09/arts/design/09holo.html?ex=1162962000&en=272335914d8b80d6&ei=5070 |title=A Forest of Pillars, Recalling the Unimaginable |work=The New York Times |accessdate=18 August 2008 |first=Nicolai |last=Ouroussoff |date=9 May 2005 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205123448/http://travel2.nytimes.com/2005/05/09/arts/design/09holo.html?ex=1162962000&en=272335914d8b80d6&ei=5070 |archivedate=5 December 2013 }}

The East Side Gallery is an open-air exhibition of art painted directly on the last existing portions of the Berlin Wall. It is the largest remaining evidence of the city's historical division, and was restored in 2008–2009.{{cite web|title=Berlin: An East Side Gallery Timeline|url=http://www.german-way.com/east-side-gallery-2009.html|work=TheGermanWay&More|publisher=McGraw-Hill/Passport Books|accessdate=15 December 2012|author=Hyde Flippo|year=1997–2012}}

The area around Hackescher Markt is a fashion and cultural base with clothing outlets, clubs, bars and galleries. It includes the Hackesche Höfe, a collection of buildings around courtyards which was rebuilt around 1996. Oranienburger Straße and the nearby New Synagogue were centers of Jewish culture before 1933.{{cite web|title=New Synagogue and Other Sites Admonish "Never Forget!"|url=http://www.valeriekreutzer.com/TravelandOtherStories/New_Synagogue.html|work=Valerie Kreutzer (Jewish Journal)|publisher=Valerie Kreutzer|accessdate=15 December 2012|author=Valerie Kreutzer|date=November 1999}} Although the New Synagogue is still an anchor for Jewish history and culture, Oranienburger straße and its surrounding area are better known for shopping and nightlife.{{cite web|title=Nightlife Berlin|url=http://www.joinberlin.com/EN/berlin-en/live-in-berlin/nightlife|work=JoinBerlin|publisher=JOIN UNIVERSE LTD.|accessdate=15 December 2012|language=English, German|year=2012|archive-date=23 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123180122/http://www.joinberlin.com/EN/berlin-en/live-in-berlin/nightlife|url-status=dead}}

File:Mitte Nikolaikirchplatz-001.jpg]]

The Nikolaiviertel (Nikolai Quarter) in Berlin's Mitte district is the oldest residential area in the capital. Almost completely destroyed during the Second World War, it was rebuilt between 1980 and 1987 on behalf of the East Berlin magistrate to mark the city's 750th anniversary. Around the reconstructed Nikolaikirche, a building ensemble of fictitiously arranged town houses in traditional construction and concrete buildings with curtain wall facades was created on an almost original ground plan.

The Straße des 17. Juni, connecting the Brandenburg Gate and Ernst-Reuter-Platz, serves as a central east–west axis. Its name commemorates the uprisings in East Berlin of 17 June 1953. About halfway from the Brandenburg Gate is the Großer Stern, a circular traffic island on which the Siegessäule (Victory Column) is situated. This monument, built to commemorate Prussia's victories, was relocated in 1938–1939 from its previous position in front of the Reichstag.{{cite web|title=Siegessäule, Großer Stern, BE, DE, EU|url=http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMEC71_Siegessule_Groer_Stern_BE_DE_EU|work=Waymarking|publisher=Groundspeak, Inc|accessdate=15 December 2012|author=Arogant|year=2012}}

The Kurfürstendamm is home to some of Berlin's luxurious stores, with the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church at its eastern end on Breitscheidplatz. The church was destroyed during World War II, and left in ruins. Nearby on Tauentzienstraße is KaDeWe, continental Europe's largest department store. The Rathaus Schöneberg, where John F. Kennedy made his "Ich bin ein Berliner!" speech, is located in Tempelhof-Schöneberg.{{cite web|title=President John F. Kennedy in the Rathaus Schöneberg 26 June 1963|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBUnRHNk21U|via=YouTube|accessdate=15 December 2012|publisher=President John Fitzgerald Kennedy|format=Video upload|date=26 June 2017}}

West of the city centre, Schloss Bellevue is the residence of the German president. Schloss Charlottenburg was largely destroyed by fire during World War II, and was rebuilt as the largest surviving historical palace in Berlin.{{cite web|title=The 2nd European Conference of National Strategies for Chlamydia Trachomatis and Human Papillomavirus; Berlin, Germany, May 23–24, 2013 |url=http://www.iecclm.com/html/about_berlin.html |work=About Berlin |accessdate=15 December 2012 |year=2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222043752/http://www.iecclm.com/html/about_berlin.html |archivedate=22 December 2012 }}

The Funkturm Berlin is a {{convert|150|m|ft|adj=on}}-tall lattice radio tower built between 1924 and 1926. Standing on insulators, it contains a restaurant {{convert|55|m|ft|abbr=on}} and an observation deck {{convert|126|m|ft|abbr=on}} above ground, accessible by a windowed elevator.

File:Berlin night.jpg|Berlin along the Spree river and the Fernsehturm by night

File:Brandenburger Tor abends.jpg|Brandenburg Gate

File:Moabit Cube Berlin-001.jpg|{{ill|Cube Berlin|de}}

File:Berlin - Fernsehturm - 2012.jpg|Berlin TV Tower (Fernsehturm)

File:Reichstagsgebäude mit Weihnachtsbaum bei Nacht, Berlin, 151223, ako.jpg|Reichstag building

File:Schloss Charlottenburg 2005 282.JPG|Schloss Charlottenburg

File:Reichstag dome interior panorama (8439967343).jpg|Reichstag dome _(inside)

File:Bundeskanzleramt Berlin 2010.jpg|Bundeskanzleramt

File:Schloss Biesdorf 2018 c Jan Frontzek WEB.jpg|Schloss Biesdorf

File:Ullsteinhaus 03.07.2015 19-49-00.jpg|Ullsteinhaus

File:Zentrale-Tierlaboratorien-Krahmerstr-Berlin-Lichterfelde-03-2017b.jpg|Mäusebunker

File:Stadion an der Alten Försterei.png|Stadion An der Alten Försterei

File:Lueders-haus.jpg|View of the Regierungsviertel _{(Government area)}

File:Schloss Tegel1.JPG|Schloss Tegel

File:Berlin-BerlinerSchloss-2-Asio (cropped).JPG|Berlin Palace / Humboldt Forum

File:View from the bridge, Berlin, Germany (6048949834).jpg|Berlin Cathedral (Dom)

File:Berlin, Mitte, Bebelplatz, Hedwigskathedrale 02.jpg|St. Hedwig's Cathedral

File:Sehitlik-Moschee in Berlin, 2012.jpg|Şehitlik mosque

File:Bode_Museum.jpg|Bode Museum on Museum Island

File:Berlin Rotes Rathaus B.JPG|Rotes Rathaus (Red City Hall)

File:Berlin Neue Synagoge 2005.jpg|New Synagogue

File:German Cathedral and Concert Hall.JPG|Gendarmenmarkt

File:Berlin Aussicht vom Humboldt Forum asv2023-02 img03.jpg|Former armory, now museum on Unter den Linden boulevard

File:La Potsdamerplatz (Berlin) (2704060441).jpg|View over Potsdamer Platz

File:Berlin-Sony Center-1.jpg|Inside the Sony Center

Nollendorfplatz B-Schoeneberg 06-2017 img1.jpg|Metropol

File:Alexanderplatz in Berlin - Panorama.jpg|Alexanderplatz

File:2005-10-26 Brandenburger-Tor.JPG|Pariser Platz with Brandenburg Gate

File:Siemensturm 04.jpg|Siemensstadt

File:Berlin Tiergarten Siegessaeule.jpg|Berlin Victory Column in the Tiergarten

File:Herz-Jesu-Kirche, Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg, 1508060930, ako.jpg|Herz-Jesu-Kirche

File:Berlín, Tiergarten, sovětský památník.jpg|Soviet War Memorial

File:Gedächtniskirche1.JPG|Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

File:Schloss Charlottenburg Berlin 2007.jpg|Charlottenburg Palace

File:Bellevue Palace Berlin 02-14.jpg|Bellevue Palace

File:Lentrée du Zoo de Berlin (6081063158).jpg|Entrance to Berlin Zoo

File:Olympiastadion Berlin 2015.jpg|Olympic Stadium

File:Oberbaumbrücke mit U-Bahn.jpg|Oberbaum Bridge

File:Berlin wall at Potsdamer Platz March 2009.jpg|Section of the Cold War Berlin Wall

File:KaDeWe von Nordosten (2008).jpg|The Kaufhaus des Westens department store

File:Philharmonie 1a.jpg|Berliner Philharmonie

File:Berlin Gemäldegalerie 007.jpg|Inside the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin

File:Holocaust memorial tree.jpg|Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe

File:Pergamonmuseum Front.jpg|Pergamon Museum

File:HdKdW1.jpg|Haus der Kulturen der Welt

RATHAUS KOPENICK BERLIN GERMANY JUNE 2013 (9121247026).jpg|Rathaus Köpenick

File:Alte Nationalgalerie abends (Zuschnitt).jpg|Alte Nationalgalerie

File:Zoofenster.jpg|Zoofenster

File:Tiergarten Japanische Botschaft.jpg|Japanese Embassy

File:Friedrichstadtpalast at night 01.jpg|Friedrichstadt-Palast

File:Treptowers, Alt-Treptow, Berlin, 1705252213, ako.jpg|Treptowers

File:Neue Wache (8330762453).jpg|Neue Wache

File:Berlin Höfe (575671533).jpg|Inside the Hackesche Höfe

Titania-Palast bei Nacht 2.jpg|Titania Palast

File:FW Nikolaikirche (Berlin).JPG|Nikolaiviertel with St. Nicholas' Church

File:Berlin Neue Nationalgalerie asv2021-11 img1.jpg|Neue Nationalgalerie

File:Prussian Landtag 2013 Interior 05.jpg|Abgeordnetenhaus (Berlin Parliament)

File:Berlin GS Siemensstadt Haering.jpg|The UNESCO World Heritage Site Berlin Modernism Housing Estates

File:Rathaus Berlin-Steglitz Sep12.jpg|Rathaus Steglitz

File:Charlottenburg TU Hauptgebäude Westfassade.JPG|Technische Universität

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Buildings and structures in Berlin

Category:Culture in Berlin

Berlin