Aron K. Barbey#Cognitive neuroscience of human intelligence

Aron Barbey received a B.A. from the University of Texas at Dallas in 1999, and a Ph.D. in Psychology from Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, in 2007.{{cite web |last1=Board of Trustees, laws, University of Illinois |title=Board Meeting December 2, 2011 APPOINTMENTS TO THE FACULTY, ADMINISTRATIVE/PROFESSIONAL STAFF, AND INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETIC STAFF |url=http://www.trustees.uillinois.edu/trustees/agenda/December-2-2011/005-dec-Appointments.pdf |website= University of Illinois Board of Trustees |accessdate=22 April 2019|date=December 2, 2011}}

From 2007-2011 Barbey was a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Cognitive Neuroscience Section of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

There he studied Vietnam veterans affected by brain trauma. They experienced differential deficits depending on the locations and size of their injuries. Barbey also served as an adjunct professor of psychology at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., beginning in 2008.

In 2011 Barbey was appointed to the College of Applied Health Sciences at the University of Illinois, and became an Institute Affiliate of the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology.

By 2012, he was the director of the Decision Neuroscience Laboratory at the Beckman Institute.

In 2018, the Center for Brain Plasticity at the Beckman Institute was formed, under the leadership of co-directors Aron Barbey and Neal J. Cohen, leaders of the center's Intelligence, Learning, and Plasticity (ILP) Initiative.{{cite web |last1=Lawrence |first1=Ashley |title=IHSI, Beckman Institute Launch New Center for Brain Plasticity |url=https://blogs.illinois.edu/view/6350/640535 |accessdate=23 April 2019 |website=Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Institute |date=April 18, 2018}}

Aron Barbey is Associate Editor of Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.{{cite web |title=Editorial Board |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience#editorial-board |website=Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |accessdate=22 April 2019}} Barbey is also on the Editorial Boards of NeuroImage,{{cite web|title=NeuroImage - Editorial Board |url=https://www.journals.elsevier.com/neuroimage/editorial-board|website=NeuroImage|publisher=Elsevier}} Intelligence,{{cite web|title=Intelligence - Editorial Board |url=http://www.journals.elsevier.com/intelligence/editorial-board/|website=Intelligence|publisher=Elsevier}} and Thinking & Reasoning.{{cite journal |title=Editorial Board |journal=Thinking & Reasoning |date=25 August 2016 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=ebi |doi=10.1080/13546783.2016.1229160 |s2cid=219627557 }}

He is a co-editor of the Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience (2021).{{cite book |editor-last1=Barbey |editor-first1=Aron K. |editor-last2=Karama |editor-first2=Sherif |editor-last3=Haier |editor-first3=Richard J. |title=Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience |date=Jan 31, 2021 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108727723 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-vagzQEACAAJ}}

{{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage= | video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=156&v=oqGcOqW9Ed4 “Brain Injury, Intelligence & Impairment @ University of Illinois”], TheScienceCoalition, July 16, 2012 | audio1= [https://www.wamc.org/post/dr-aron-barbey-university-illinois-urbana-champaign-emotional-intelligence Dr. Aron Barbey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign – Emotional Intelligence], The Academic Minute, April 27, 2013, WAMC Northeast Public Radio

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Barbey's research investigates the effects of human brain damage on intellectual and social functions, with particular emphasis on the prefrontal cortex.

Studies of patients with frontal lobe damage have a long history in the neuroscience of intelligence and provide a direct way to test whether regions in the prefrontal cortex are necessary for specific intellectual abilities. However, it was only recently that the limited applicability and specificity of small sample studies of focal brain damage were overcome by contemporary lesion mapping approaches.{{cite journal|last1=Bates|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Wilson|first2=Stephen M.|last3=Saygin|first3=Ayse Pinar|last4=Dick|first4=Frederic|last5=Sereno|first5=Martin I.|last6=Knight|first6=Robert T.|last7=Dronkers|first7=Nina F.|title=Voxel-based lesion–symptom mapping|journal=Nature Neuroscience|volume=6|issue=5|pages=448–450|doi=10.1038/nn1050|pmid=12704393|year=2003|s2cid=5134480}}{{cite journal|last1=Glascher|first1=J.|last2=Rudrauf|first2=D.|last3=Colom|first3=R.|last4=Paul|first4=L. K.|last5=Tranel|first5=D.|last6=Damasio|first6=H.|last7=Adolphs|first7=R.|title=Distributed neural system for general intelligence revealed by lesion mapping|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=107|issue=10|pages=4705–4709|doi=10.1073/pnas.0910397107|pmid=20176936|pmc=2842050|url=http://authors.library.caltech.edu/17905/1/Glascher2010p7348P_Natl_Acad_Sci_Usa.pdf|year=2010|bibcode=2010PNAS..107.4705G|doi-access=free}}

In a series of studies,

Barbey's research group investigated almost 200 patients with focal brain injuries and mapped the architecture of executive, social, and emotional brain systems. His research has helped to identify and characterize the neural systems underlying general intelligence,{{cite book |last1=Anderson |first1=Michael L. |title=After phrenology : neural reuse and the interactive brain |date=December 12, 2014 |publisher=A Bradford Book |isbn=9780262028103 |pages=46–48 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7W_bBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA48

|accessdate=23 April 2019}}{{cite news|last1=Haupt|first1=Angela |title=Researchers Map Brain Regions Linked to Intelligence|url=http://health.usnews.com/health-news/news/articles/2012/04/13/researchers-map-brain-regions-linked-to-intelligence|agency=Health News|publisher=U.S. News & World Report|date=April 2012}}

emotional intelligence,{{cite news|last1=Haupt|first1=Angela|title=Scientists Complete 1st Map of 'Emotional Intelligence' in the Brain |url=http://health.usnews.com/health-news/news/articles/2013/01/28/scientists-complete-1st-map-of-emotional-intelligence-in-the-brain|agency=Health News|publisher=U.S. News & World Report|date=Jan 2013}}{{cite news |last1=Ghose |first1=Tia |title=Emotional Smarts Tied to General IQ |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/emotional-smarts-tied-to/ |accessdate=22 April 2019 |work=Scientific American |date=January 23, 2013}}

social intelligence,{{cite web |last1=Kurzweil |first1=Ray |title=The social origins of intelligence in the brain |url=https://www.kurzweilai.net/the-social-origins-of-intelligence-in-the-brain |website=Kurzwei laccelerating intelligence |accessdate=22 April 2019|date=August 1, 2014}}

fluid intelligence,{{cite news |last1=Marano |first1=Hara Estroff |title=Not by Fish Alone |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/articles/201805/not-fish-alone |accessdate=22 April 2019 |work=Psychology Today |issue=May |date=2018}}{{cite news |last1=Bergland |first1=Christopher |title=Superfluidity: Fluid Intelligence Goes Beyond Brain Size |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-athletes-way/201606/superfluidity-fluid-intelligence-goes-beyond-brain-size |accessdate=31 August 2020 |work=Psychology Today |date=Jun 21, 2016}}

working memory,{{cite journal |last1=Simioni |first1=Alison C. |last2=Dagher |first2=Alain |last3=Fellows |first3=Lesley K. |title=Effects of levodopa on corticostriatal circuits supporting working memory in Parkinson's disease |journal=Cortex |date=August 2017 |volume=93 |pages=193–205 |doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2017.05.021|pmid=28675834 |s2cid=9169524 }}

cognitive flexibility,{{cite book |last1=Ione |first1=Amy |title=Art and the brain : plasticity, embodiment, and the unclosed circle |date=October 20, 2016 |publisher=Brill Rodopi |isbn=9789004322981 |page=30}}

and discourse comprehension.{{cite web |last1=Bhana |first1=Yusuf |title=Exploring the Source of Language Comprehension: Scientists are mapping the brain in order to pinpoint areas crucial to language comprehension |website=TranslateMedia |date=December 5, 2013 |url=https://www.translatemedia.com/us/blog-us/exploring-the-source-of-language-comprehension/ |accessdate=23 April 2019}}

Barbey's research has also revealed molecular genetic markers that predict general intelligence following traumatic brain injury.{{cite book |editor-last1=D. |editor-first1= Laskowitz |editor-last2=G. |editor-first2= Grant |last1=E. R. |first1=Bennett |last2=K. |first2=Reuter-Rice |last3=D. T. |first3=Laskowitz |title=Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury| chapter= 9 Genetic Influences in Traumatic Brain Injury |series= Frontiers in Neuroscience |date=2016 |publisher=CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group |location=Boca Raton (FL) |pmid= 26583176 |isbn= 9781466584914 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326717/ }}{{cite book |last1=Haier |first1=Richard J. |title=The Neuroscience of Intelligence |date=December 28, 2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=62}}

A central goal of Barbey's research is to establish and validate cognitive neuroscience-directed interventions to enhance human intelligence. Barbey is the Principal Investigator of the IARPA-sponsored INSIGHT project, along with co-investigators Arthur F. Kramer, Neal J. Cohen, and Charles H. Hillman.{{cite journal |title=INSIGHT, A Comprehensive, Multidisciplinary Brain Training System (INSIGHT) |url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02780739 |website=Clinical Trials.gov |date=19 May 2016 |accessdate=23 April 2019}}{{cite news |title=Beckman Scientists Launch INSIGHT Study|journal=Synergy |publisher=Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology |date=2014|issue=6 Spring |page=12 |url=https://www.decisionneurosciencelab.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Synergy_News_Feature.pdf }}

=== Network neuroscience theory of human intelligence ===

Barbey has proposed a network neuroscience theory of human intelligence that emphasizes brain plasticity, in which "general intelligence reflects individual differences in the efficiency and flexibility of brain networks" and "the capacity to integrate information across the brain as a whole". According to this view, "crystallized intelligence" involves the ability to rapidly access existing representations of knowledge and experience while "fluid intelligence" involves the ability to solve novel problems in ways that are adaptive and flexible.{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Shawna |title=The Biological Roots of Intelligence Imaging, behavioral, and genetic data yield clues to what's behind effective thinking |journal=The Scientist |date=November 1, 2018 |url=https://www.the-scientist.com/features/the-biological-roots-of-intelligence-64931 |accessdate=23 April 2019}}

Barbey's Decision Neuroscience Laboratory is supported by large-scale private and federal research grants and contracts, including the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), President Obama's White House BRAIN Initiative,{{cite news |last1=Yates |first1=Diana |title=President Obama wants to map the human brain. What would we gain? |url=https://news.illinois.edu/view/6367/198511 |accessdate=23 April 2019 |work=Illinois News Bureau |date=April 9, 2013}} the Director of National Intelligence's research agency, IARPA,{{cite news |title=University professor investigates brain training interventions to enhance intelligence |url=https://dailyillini.com/news/2014/03/12/university-professor-investigates-brain-training-interventions-to-enhance-intelligence/ |accessdate=23 April 2019 |work=The Daily Illini |date=March 12, 2014}}

and contracts for $10 million from Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) for the study of individual optimization of human performance in the U.S. military using artificial intelligence.{{cite news |title=DARPA Awards $10M to Barbey and Colleagues for Projects on Human Performance Optimization |url=https://beckman.illinois.edu/news/2019/08/barbey-darpa_award-optimization |accessdate=30 August 2019 |work=News |agency=Beckman Institute of Illinois |date=August 9, 2019}}

• {{cite book |editor-last1=Barbey |editor-first1=Aron K. |editor-last2=Karama |editor-first2=Sherif |editor-last3=Haier |editor-first3=Richard J. |title=Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence and Cognitive Neuroscience |date=Jan 31, 2021 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781108727723 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-vagzQEACAAJ}}
• {{cite book |editor-last1=Barbey |editor-first1=Aron K. |editor-last2=Johnson |editor-first2=Elizabeth J. |editor-last3=Dauncey |editor-first3=Margaret Joy |title=Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience Research at the Crossroads of Nutrition, Psychology, and Neuroscience |date=January 23, 2019 |publisher=Frontiers Media SA}}

• {{cite journal|last1=Barbey|first1=Aron K.|last2=Colom|first2=Roberto |last3=Solomon|first3=Jeffrey|last4=Krueger|first4=Frank|last5=Forbes|first5=Chad|last6=Grafman|first6=Jordan|title=An integrative architecture for general intelligence and executive function revealed by lesion mapping|journal=Brain|volume=135 |issue=4 |pages=1154–1164|doi=10.1093/brain/aws021|pmid=22396393 |pmc=3326251|year=2012}}

• {{cite journal|last1=Barbey|first1=Aron K.|last2=Colom |first2=Roberto |last3=Grafman|first3=Jordan|title=Distributed neural system for emotional intelligence revealed by lesion mapping|journal=Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience|volume=9|issue=3 |pages=265–272 |doi=10.1093/scan/nss124|pmid=23171618|date=Mar 2014|pmc=3980800}}

• {{cite journal|last1=Barbey|first1=A. K.|last2=Colom|first2=R. |last3=Paul|first3=E. J.|last4=Chau|first4=A. |last5=Solomon |first5=J.|last6=Grafman|first6=J. H.|title=Lesion mapping of social problem solving|journal=Brain|doi=10.1093/brain/awu207|volume=137|issue=Pt 10|pages=2823–2833 |pmid=25070511 |pmc=4163035|year=2014}}

• {{cite journal|last1=Barbey|first1=Aron K.|last2=Colom|first2=Roberto |last3=Paul|first3=Erick J.|last4=Grafman|first4=Jordan |title=Architecture of fluid intelligence and working memory revealed by lesion mapping|journal=Brain Structure and Function|volume=219|issue=2|pages=485–494|doi=10.1007/s00429-013-0512-z|pmid=23392844|year=2014|s2cid=17485196}}

• {{cite journal|last1=Barbey|first1=Aron K.|last2=Koenigs|first2=Michael|last3=Grafman|first3=Jordan|title=Dorsolateral prefrontal contributions to human working memory|journal=Cortex|volume=49|issue=5|pages=1195–1205|doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2012.05.022|pmid=22789779|date=May 2013|pmc=3495093}}

• {{cite journal |last1=Koenigs |first1=M. |last2=Barbey |first2=A. K. |last3=Postle |first3=B. R. |last4=Grafman |first4=J. |title=Superior Parietal Cortex Is Critical for the Manipulation of Information in Working Memory |journal=Journal of Neuroscience |date=25 November 2009 |volume=29 |issue=47 |pages=14980–14986 |doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3706-09.2009|pmid=19940193 |pmc=2799248 |doi-access=free }}

• {{cite journal|last1=Barbey|first1=Aron K.|last2=Colom |first2=Roberto|last3=Grafman|first3=Jordan|title=Architecture of cognitive flexibility revealed by lesion mapping |journal=NeuroImage|volume=82|pages=547–554|doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.087|pmid=23721727|pmc=3790579|year=2013}}

• {{cite journal|last1=Barbey|first1=Aron K.|last2=Colom|first2=Roberto |last3=Grafman|first3=Jordan|title=Neural mechanisms of discourse comprehension: a human lesion study|journal=Brain|volume=137 |issue=1|pages=277–287|doi=10.1093/brain/awt312|pmid=24293267 |pmc=3954106|year=2014}}

• {{cite journal|last1=Barbey|first1=Aron K.|last2=Colom|first2=Roberto|last3=Paul|first3=Erick|last4=Forbes|first4=Chad|last5=Krueger|first5=Frank|last6=Goldman|first6=David|last7=Grafman|first7=Jordan|last8=Zhou|first8=Renping|title=Preservation of General Intelligence following Traumatic Brain Injury: Contributions of the Met66 Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=9|issue=2|pages=e88733|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0088733|pmid=24586380|pmc=3935849|year=2014|bibcode=2014PLoSO...988733B|doi-access=free}}

• {{cite journal |last1=Barbey |first1=Aron K. |title=Network Neuroscience Theory of Human Intelligence |journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences |date=January 2018 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=8–20 |doi=10.1016/j.tics.2017.10.001 |pmid=29167088 |doi-access=free }}

{{Reflist|30em}}

• [http://decisionneurosciencelab.org Decision Neuroscience Laboratory]
• [https://experts.illinois.edu/en/persons/aron-keith-barbey/network-organisations/ Illinois Research Profile]
• [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aron_Barbey ResearchGate]

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Category:1977 births

Category:Place of birth missing (living people)

Category:Living people

Category:American cognitive neuroscientists

Category:Emory University alumni

Category:University of Illinois faculty

Category:University of Texas at Dallas alumni