Avro Avian#Surviving aircraft

The Avro 581 Avian prototype was designed and built to compete in the Lympne light aircraft trials at Lympne Aerodrome in September 1926. Its wooden fuselage was based on that of the Avro 576 autogyro, but it was fitted with conventional biplane wings and powered by a 70 hp (50 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Genet engine. It performed well at the trials, but was eliminated due to engine failure.

File:Avro 534 Avian IV SE-ADTinStockholm.jpg

In early 1927 it was re-engined with an {{convert|85|hp|kW|abbr=on}} ADC Cirrus engine as the Type 581A and sold to Bert Hinkler.

Production aircraft were designated Type 594 and were built in a number of versions, mainly powered by Cirrus engines.Jackson 1990, pp. 249, 256. A version with a welded steel tube fuselage was produced in 1929 as the Avro 616 Avian IVM to meet overseas requirements for an easier-to-repair structure.Jackson 1990, p. 265. This version was built in the largest numbers, with approximately 190 built.Donald 1997, pp. 78–79.

The Avian was also produced under licence in Canada, by Ottawa Car Manufacturing Company in Ottawa, Ontario.Payne, Stephen, ed. Canadian Wings (Douglas & McIntyre, Ltd., 2006), p.162 & p.163 caption.

While outsold by the de Havilland Moth and its derivatives—which first flew more than a year earlier than the Avian—the Avian was used extensively as a civil tourer or trainer, with many being sold overseas. Avians were assembled by the Whittesley Manufacturing Co., Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA, and the Ottawa Car Manufacturing Company, Canada,Payne, p.162. as well as by Avro itself.Jackson 1990, p. 273.

After further modifications to wings and undercarriage as the Avro 581E, Hinkler used this aircraft for a series of long-distance flights, culminating in a 15½-day solo flight from Croydon, UK to Darwin, Australia.Jackson 1974, p. 114. In 1998 Lang Kidby recreated this flight in a 1927 Type 594 Avian VH-UFZ (ex G-AUFZ)

Avro Avian 594 Avian III (SN R3/AV/101) was owned by Lady Mary Heath and Amelia Earhart. Earhart's Avian had an {{convert|84|hp|kW|abbr=on}} Cirrus Mk II engine. It was originally registered to Lady Heath on 29 October 1927 and given the UK aircraft marking G-EBUG. When Earhart brought it to the United States it was assigned "unlicensed aircraft identification mark" 7083; aircraft not officially certificated in the United States were allowed to be flown as unlicensed but identified aircraft. Avian 7083 was used on Earhart's first long solo flight, which occurred just as Amelia was coming into the national spotlight. By making the trip in August 1928, she became the first woman to fly solo across the North American continent and back. In 2001 Carlene Mendita recreated this flight in Greg Herrick's Type 594 Avian which he had purchased from Lang Kidby. At the time Herrick purchased the Avian from Kidby, two years prior, it was the oldest flying aircraft in Australia. It is now based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Wilfrid R. "Wop" May used a 594 to make his January 1929 mercy flight with diphtheria antitoxin from Edmonton to Fort Vermilion, Alberta.Payne, pp.162–163.

File:StateLibQld 1 162403 Bert Hinkler's Avro G-EBOV at Camooweal, 1928.jpg

An Avian (Red Rose) was used by Bill Lancaster on a successful long distance flight to Australia, and another (Southern Cross Minor) on his final record attempt to South Africa in 1933.

In July 1930, Winifred Brown won the King's Cup Race flying Cirrus III Avian.[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1930/untitled0%20-%200812.html "The King's Cup: Miss W. Brown's Win, A Record Entry."] Flight, 11 July 1930 via flightglobal.com. Retrieved: 12 June 2010. One Avian, piloted by Sydney Thorn, took part in the Challenge International de Tourisme 1930 with moderate success (16th place).

On 7 January 1931, Guy Menzies flew an Avian, the Southern Cross Junior, from Australia to New Zealand. He was the first person to fly solo across the Tasman Sea.

A single Genet-powered Avian II was bought by the Royal Air Force, while Avians were also bought by the South African Air Force, the Chinese Naval Air Service, the Estonian Air Force and the Royal Canadian Air Force.

Aviator Beryl Markham used an Avian extensively in East Africa in the 1930s.{{cite book |last1=Markham |first1=Beryl |title=West with the Night |date=1942 |isbn=978-0-86547-118-4}}

File:southern cross minor.jpg

;Avro 581 Avian: First prototype, one 70 hp (52 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Genet.

;Avro 581A: Modified first prototype, one 85 hp (63 kW) ADC Cirrus and reduced span wings.Jackson 1990, p. 243.

;Avro 581E: Further modified Avro 581A for long distance flights, with new wings and modified fuselage.Jackson 1990, pp. 243–245.

;Avro 594 Avian I: Preproduction aircraft, two built.

;Avro 594 Avian II: Initial production, 85 hp (63 kW) Cirrus II engine, nine built.

;Avro 594 Avian III: Modified engine mount and tubular steel struts, 33 built.

;Avro 594 Avian IIIA: 95 hp (71 kW) Cirrus III engine, 58 built.

;Avro 594 Avian IV: Revised undercarriage and ailerons, 90 built.

;Avro 605 Avian: Two Avro 594 Avian IIIs were converted into floatplanes.

;Avro 616 Avian IVM: Steel tube fuselage. Powered by 105 hp (78 kW) Cirrus Hermes I or 100 hp (75 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major, approximately 190 built.

;Avro 616 Sports Avian: Version for racing with reduced drag, 16 built.

;Avro 616 Avian IVA: modified one-off long range version for Charles Kingsford Smith, Southern Cross Junior, 120 hp (90 kW) de Havilland Gipsy II engine, with additional fuel tank and revised 30 ft span wings.Jackson 1974, p. 120

;Avro 616 Avian V: Long range single-seater again built for Charles Kingsford Smith, Southern Cross Minor. Bill Lancaster would later attempt to fly solo from England to South Africa in this aircraft, and die in the attempt.

;Avro 625 Avian Monoplane: Low-wing monoplane development, two built.

;{{flag|Canada|1921}}

• Royal Canadian Air Force

;{{China as ROC}}

• Chinese Nationalist Air Force
• Chinese Naval Air Service

;{{EST}}

• Estonian Air Force

;{{flag|South Africa|1928}}

• South African Air Force

;{{flag|Spain|1931}}

• Spanish Republican Air Force{{Cite web |url=http://www.zi.ku.dk/personal/drnash/model/spain/did.html |title=Aircraft that took part in the Spanish Civil War |access-date=18 November 2010 |archive-date=5 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205085135/http://www.zi.ku.dk/personal/drnash/model/Spain/did.html |url-status=dead }}

;{{ESP}}

• Spanish Air Force

;{{UK}}

• Royal Air Force

File:WopMaysPlane.jpg

• 5116 – 581 on display at the Queensland Museum in Brisbane, Queensland. It is G-EBOV, the prototype Avro Avian flown by Bert Hinkler on some of his record-breaking flights.{{cite web|title=Moving: Wheels, Wind, Water|url=http://www.qm.qld.gov.au/Events+and+Exhibitions/Exhibitions/2010/05/Moving+Wheels+Wind+Water|website=Queensland Museum|publisher=The State of Queensland|access-date=18 December 2016}}{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Avro 581 Avian, c/n 5116, c/r G-EBOV|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=150549|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=19 December 2016}}{{cite web|title=Bert Hinkler & Avro Avian G-EBOV – c.1928|url=http://www.airwaysmuseum.com/Bert%20Hinkler%20&%20Avro%20Avian%20G-EBOV.htm|website=The Airways Museum & Civil Aviation Historical Society|access-date=19 December 2016}}
• R3/AV/127 – Avian IV airworthy at the Ala Doble Flying Collection in Esparto, California. It was once the oldest flying aircraft in Australia and has been converted from an Avian II configuration. It is painted to represent G-EBUG, an aircraft Amelia Earhart flew across the United States in 1928–1929.
• R3/CN/160 – Avian IIIA on static display at Hooton Park in Cheshire. It carries G-EBZM and is a composite of several others.{{cite web|title=Air and Space Hall|url=http://msimanchester.org.uk/en/whats-on/gallery/air-and-space|website=Museum of Science & Industry|access-date=19 December 2016}}{{cite web|title=AIRCRAFT|url=http://www.theaeroplanecollection.org/aircraft.html|website=The Aeroplane Collection|publisher=The Aeroplane Collection|access-date=19 December 2016}}{{cite web|title=[Untitled]|url=http://www.theaeroplanecollection.org/G-EBZM.html|website=The Aeroplane Collection|publisher=The Aeroplane Collection|access-date=19 December 2016}}
• CN/171 G-ACGT, a Genet II powered Type 594B Avian III under restoration at Coventry, Warwickshire.
• R3/CN/314 – Avian IVM on static display at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa, Ontario.{{cite web|title=AVRO AVIAN IVM|url=http://casmuseum.techno-science.ca/en/collection-research/artifact-avro-avian-ivm.php|website=Canada Aviation and Space Museum|publisher=Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation|access-date=19 December 2016|archive-date=7 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107055348/http://casmuseum.techno-science.ca/en/collection-research/artifact-avro-avian-ivm.php|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Avro 581/594/605/616/625 / Avian, c/n R3/CN/314, c/r CF-CDQ|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=117877|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=19 December 2016}}
• R3/CN/316 – Avian IVM on display at the Reynolds-Alberta Museum in Wetaskiwin, Alberta.{{cite web|last1=Trussell|first1=George|title=AVRO 616 AVIAN IVM, CF-CDV / 316, REYNOLDS ALBERTA MUSEUM|url=http://abpic.co.uk/pictures/view/1154117|website=ABPic|publisher=Air-Britain|access-date=19 December 2016|date=23 July 2008}} It has Genet engine installed and is painted as CF-CDV.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}
• R3/CN/318 – Avian IV on static display at Arlanda Flygsamlingar [https://arlandaflygsamlingar.se/flygplan/1-6-se-adt-avro-594-avian-iv/], close to Arlanda Airport north of Stockholm, Sweden.{{cite web|title=Flygaren Allen Widman och hans maskiner|url=http://home.swipnet.se/b/w_flyg.html|access-date=19 December 2016|language=sv}}
• R3/CN/522 – Avian IV airworthy with Geoffrey Arthur Davis of Salisbury, South Australia.{{cite web|title=Aircraft Register [VH-UVX]|url=https://www.casa.gov.au/aircraft-register?vh=UVX|website=Australian Government Civil Aviation Safety Authority|access-date=19 December 2016}}{{cite web|title=VH-UVX Avro 616 Avian IVM|url=http://www.edcoatescollection.com/ac1/austu/VH-UVX.html|access-date=19 December 2016}}
• R3/CN/531 – Avian IV airworthy with Geoffrey Arthur Davis of Salisbury, South Australia.{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Avro Avian IV, c/n R3/CN/531, c/r VH-UQE|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=2208|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=18 December 2016}}{{cite web|title=Aircraft Register [VH-UQE]|url=http://www.casa.gov.au/aircraft-register?vh=UQE|website=Australian Government Civil Aviation Safety Authority|access-date=18 December 2016}}
• Replica – Avian IIIA on display at the Alberta Aviation Museum in Edmonton, Alberta.{{cite web|title=Aircraft G-CAVB Data|url=http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/G-CAVB.html|website=Airport-Data.com|publisher=Airport-Data.com|access-date=19 December 2016}} It is painted as G-CAVB as a memorial to a heroic flight by Wop May when he flew diphtheria medicine mid-winter to a village where an outbreak was occurring on the Canadian prairies.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

File:Avro Avian III 3-view NACA Aircraft Circular No.70.jpg

{{Aircraft specs

|ref=British Civil Aircraft since 1919 Volume 1Jackson 1974, p.123.

|prime units?=imp

|crew=2

|length ft=24

|length in=3

|length note=

|span ft=28

|span in=0

|span note=

|height ft=8

|height in=6

|height note=

|wing area sqft=245

|wing area note=

|aspect ratio=

|airfoil=

|empty weight lb=1005

|empty weight note=

|gross weight lb=1523

|gross weight note=

|max takeoff weight lb=

|max takeoff weight note=

|fuel capacity=

|more general=

|eng1 number=1

|eng1 name=Cirrus Hermes I

|eng1 type=4-cylinder air-cooled in-line piston engine

|eng1 hp=105

|eng1 note=

|prop blade number=2

|prop name=fixed-pitch propeller

|prop dia ft=

|prop dia in=

|prop dia note=

|max speed mph=105

|max speed note=

|cruise speed mph=90

|cruise speed note=

|stall speed mph=

|stall speed note=

|never exceed speed mph=

|never exceed speed note=

|range miles=360

|range note=

|ferry range miles=

|ferry range note=

|endurance=

|ceiling ft=12500

|ceiling note=Jackson 1990, p. 272.

|climb rate ftmin=600

|climb rate note=

|time to altitude=

|wing loading lb/sqft=6.21

|wing loading note=

|fuel consumption lb/mi=

|power/mass={{cvt|0.069|hp/lb}}

|more performance=

}}

{{aircontent

|related=

|similar aircraft=*de Havilland Moth

|lists=

• List of aircraft of the Spanish Republican Air Force

|see also=

• Wop May "The Race against Death – Mercy flight in an Avian."

}}

{{Reflist}}

• Donald, David, ed. The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1997. {{ISBN|1-85605-375-X}}.
• Gerdessen, Frederik. "Estonian Air Power 1918 – 1945". Air Enthusiast, No. 18, April – July 1982. pp. 61–76. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}.
• Grant, James Ritchie. "Anti-Clockwise: Australia the Wrong Way". Air Enthusiast, No. 82, July–August 1999, pp. 60–63. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}
• Jackson, A.J. Avro Aircraft since 1908. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 2nd edition, 1990. {{ISBN|0-85177-834-8}}.
• Jackson, A.J. British Civil Aircraft since 1919, Volume 1. London: Putnam, 1974. {{ISBN|0-370-10006-9}}.
• {{cite magazine|last=Prins|first=François|title=Brisbane's Heritage|magazine=Air Enthusiast|date=Winter 1993|issue=52|pages=26–27 |issn=0143-5450}}

{{Commons category|Avro Avian}}

• [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930089090_1993089090.pdf NACA Aircraft Circular, Avro Avian (Genet engine)]
• [http://naca.larc.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=790695&id=5&qs=No%3D30%26N%3D291 NACA aircraft circular, Avian III]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004512/http://www.jaapteeuwen.com/ww2aircraft/html%20pages/avro%20616%20avian%20ivm.htm British Aircraft of WWII]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070608130805/http://www.aviation.technomuses.ca/collections/artifacts/aircraft/AvroAvianIVM.shtml RCAF Avro Avian]
• [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1930/untitled0%20-%201247.html The Long-Range Avian. Full Details of Kingsford-Smith's Machine.], Flight, 31 October 1930

{{Avro aircraft}}

Category:1920s British sport aircraft

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Category:Aircraft first flown in 1926