Bắc Kạn
{{Expand Vietnamese|topic=geo|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Bắc Kạn
|official_name = Bắc Kạn City
{{nobold|{{lang|vi|Thành phố Bắc Kạn}} }}
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|settlement_type = Provincial city (Class-3)
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|image_skyline = Thành phố Bắc Kạn.jpg
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|image_seal = Logo TP. Bắc Kạn.svg
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|pushpin_map =Vietnam
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|pushpin_map_caption =Location of in Vietnam
|pushpin_mapsize =300
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Vietnam}}
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = Bắc Kạn
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|established_title = Established city
|established_date = 11 March 2015
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|area_total_km2 = 137
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|population_as_of =2019
|population_footnotes ={{cite book
| author = General Statistics Office of Vietnam | year = 2019 | url = https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Ket-qua-toan-bo-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019.pdf | title = "Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census" | publisher = Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam) | isbn= 978-604-75-1532-5 }}
|population_note =
|population_total = 45,036
|population_density_km2 = auto
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|timezone = Indochina Time
|utc_offset = +7
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|coordinates = {{coord|22|08|N|105|50|E|region:VN|display=inline}}
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|blank_name = Climate
|blank_info = Cwa
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}}
Bắc Kạn ({{audio|Bac Can.ogg|listen|help=no}}) is the capital of Bắc Kạn Province, Vietnam. The province's only city, it is bordered by Bạch Thông District to the north, north-east and west and Chợ Mới District to the south-east and south-west.Jean Michaud, Tim Forsyth Moving Mountains: Ethnicity and Livelihoods in Highland China, Vietnam, and Laos 2011 "Bắc Kạn province, a predominantly Tày area" Bắc Kạn is 160 kilometers away from Ha Noi.
As of 2019 it had a population of 45,036 people. The town traces its origins to a fort established in 1880 and upgraded to city on 11 March 2015. It is divided into six wards: Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai, Đức Xuân, Sông Cầu, Phùng Chí Kiên, Huyền Tụng and Xuất Hóa and 2 communes: Dương Quang, Nông Thượng.
History
Bắc Kạn (chữ nôm: 北𣴓) was established as a fort in 1880 for troops of the Nguyễn government during the 1878 revolt of Li Yung Choï (Vietnamese: Lý Dương Tài) coincident with the Black Flag Army. Following Li's capture and decapitation, the remains of his group reformed under Liu Zhiping (Vietnamese: Lục Chi Bình) and with 5,000 men attacked the fort defended by 300 Annamite soldiers in 1881.Bradley Camp Davis, States of banditry: The Nguyen government, bandit rule, and the culture of power in the post-Taiping China-Vietnam borderlands. 2008 University of Washington Page 84 "Lục Chi Bình" Page 213 "De Kergaradec to Lafont, 22/Juli/1880; AGC13038: "Rapports du Consul de France a Hanoi, Renseignements sur la Bande Chinoise de Luc chi Binh, sur la Recolte des riz, et sur le voyage de la 'Massue' au Haut Fleuve Rouge."Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel La question du Tonkin in Revue bleue - Revue politique et littéraire 1883 Page 679 pamphlet Page 91 "de la bande de Ly-Yung-Choï se reformèrent sous le commandement d'un chef appelé Luc-Chi-Binh. Secondé par des sauvages des tribus voisines, ce chef attaqua, avec 5,000 ou 6,000 hommes, le fort de Bac-Can, défendu par 300 soldats annamites, et s'en empara après une assez vive résistance; ce fort, situé à trois journées de marche au nord de Thaï-Nguyên, avait été établi quelques mois auparavant pour servir de centre aux troupes chargées de maintenir l'ordre dans toute cette région mal famée. La levée de boucliers de Luc-Chi-Binh n'offrait aucun danger politique sérieux; mais Hoang exagérait à dessein l'importance de ce mouvement, et s'en servait comme d'argument pour essayer de démontrer à... "
The town of Bắc Kạn was one of the early headquarters of the Việt Minh in the war against the French. Jean-Étienne Valluy aimed to surround the area and capture the town in Operation Léa between 7 October and 22 December 1947.Anthony James Joes, Victorious Insurgencies: Four Rebellions That Shaped Our World 2010 Page 102 - "Nevertheless, in October 1947, CEF commanding General Jean-Etienne Valluy launched Operation LEA: the aim was to surround the Viet Bac and then capture the Viet Minh Army and political headquarters in the town of Bac Kan." A parachute drop caught the Việt Minh by surprise and seized letters left on the desk of Ho Chi Minh.Davidson, Philip, [https://books.google.com/books?id=seXWfsD46QQC&q=Bac+Kan&pg=PA48 Vietnam at War: The History, 1946-1975], pp. 47-48. Both Ho and Võ Nguyên Giáp escaped only by hiding in camouflaged holes nearby. It was also an area of fighting between the communists and Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng armed forces.Van Dao Hoang, Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang: A Contemporary History Page 407 2008 "Meanwhile, the Communists mobilized their troops from Bắc Giang, Bắc Kạn, and Thái Nguyên (a total of 5,000 troops) to attack the VQAF in Ban Hoc
Climate
{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|location = Bắc Kạn
|Jan high C = 19.2
|Feb high C = 20.4
|Mar high C = 23.3
|Apr high C = 27.5
|May high C = 31.3
|Jun high C = 32.5
|Jul high C = 32.5
|Aug high C = 32.5
|Sep high C = 31.6
|Oct high C = 28.9
|Nov high C = 25.3
|Dec high C = 21.6
|year high C = 27.2
|Jan mean C = 14.8
|Feb mean C = 16.5
|Mar mean C = 19.5
|Apr mean C = 23.3
|May mean C = 26.3
|Jun mean C = 27.6
|Jul mean C = 27.6
|Aug mean C = 27.2
|Sep mean C = 26.1
|Oct mean C = 23.4
|Nov mean C = 19.6
|Dec mean C = 16.1
|year mean C = 22.4
|Jan low C = 12.2
|Feb low C = 14.1
|Mar low C = 17.1
|Apr low C = 20.5
|May low C = 22.9
|Jun low C = 24.4
|Jul low C = 24.6
|Aug low C = 24.2
|Sep low C = 22.8
|Oct low C = 20.1
|Nov low C = 16.2
|Dec low C = 12.8
|year low C = 19.3
|Jan record high C = 31.5 |Jan record low C = -0.9
|Feb record high C = 35.8 |Feb record low C = 2.4
|Mar record high C = 36.4 |Mar record low C = 4.9
|Apr record high C = 38.7 |Apr record low C = 10.2
|May record high C = 40.5 |May record low C = 14.9
|Jun record high C = 39.4 |Jun record low C = 16.5
|Jul record high C = 38.6 |Jul record low C = 18.7
|Aug record high C = 37.5 |Aug record low C = 19.8
|Sep record high C = 38.0 |Sep record low C = 13.7
|Oct record high C = 34.9 |Oct record low C = 8.5
|Nov record high C = 33.9 |Nov record low C = 4.0
|Dec record high C = 31.9 |Dec record low C = -1.0
|year record high C = 40.5 |year record low C = -1.0
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 23.8
|Feb rain mm = 26.6
|Mar rain mm = 51.4
|Apr rain mm = 103.8
|May rain mm = 183.9
|Jun rain mm = 255.6
|Jul rain mm = 288.4
|Aug rain mm = 274.1
|Sep rain mm = 148.2
|Oct rain mm = 74.4
|Nov rain mm = 40.0
|Dec rain mm = 19.9
|year rain mm = 1490.4
|Jan rain days = 8.7
|Feb rain days = 9.4
|Mar rain days = 13.1
|Apr rain days = 13.6
|May rain days = 15.0
|Jun rain days = 17.0
|Jul rain days = 19.3
|Aug rain days = 18.8
|Sep rain days = 12.9
|Oct rain days = 9.1
|Nov rain days = 7.3
|Dec rain days = 6.0
|year rain days = 150.2
|Jan humidity = 81.3
|Feb humidity = 81.4
|Mar humidity = 82.8
|Apr humidity = 83.0
|May humidity = 81.8
|Jun humidity = 84.0
|Jul humidity = 85.7
|Aug humidity = 86.2
|Sep humidity = 84.5
|Oct humidity = 82.8
|Nov humidity = 82.1
|Dec humidity = 80.4
|year humidity = 83.0
|Jan sun = 66.8
|Feb sun = 56.6
|Mar sun = 59.8
|Apr sun = 96.2
|May sun = 165.4
|Jun sun = 155.3
|Jul sun = 172.5
|Aug sun = 174.2
|Sep sun = 178.2
|Oct sun = 151.1
|Nov sun = 126.6
|Dec sun = 109.7
|year sun = 1511.2
|source 1 = Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology{{cite web|title=Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology|url=https://datafiles.chinhphu.vn/cpp/files/vbpq/2022/10/02-bxd.pdf |lang=en}}
}}
References
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{{coord|22|08|N|105|50|E|region:VN_type:city|display=title}}
{{Cities in Vietnam}}
{{Districts of Northeast Vietnam}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bac Kan}}
Category:Provincial capitals in Vietnam
Category:Districts of Bắc Kạn province