B-flat minor
{{Short description|Minor scale based on B-flat}}
{{Infobox musical scale
| name=B-flat minor
| relative=D-flat major
| parallel=B-flat major
| dominant=F minor
| subdominant=E-flat minor
| enharmonic=A-sharp minor
| first_pitch=B{{music|flat}}
| second_pitch=C
| third_pitch=D{{music|flat}}
| fourth_pitch=E{{music|flat}}
| fifth_pitch=F
| sixth_pitch=G{{music|flat}}
| seventh_pitch=A{{music|flat}}
}}
B-flat minor is a minor scale based on B♭ (musical note), consisting of the pitches B{{music|flat}}, C, D♭ (musical note), E♭ (musical note), F, G♭ (musical note), and A♭ (musical note). Its key signature has five flats. Its relative major is D-flat major and its parallel major is B-flat major. Its enharmonic equivalent, A-sharp minor, which would contain seven sharps, is not normally used.
The B-flat natural minor scale is:
{{block indent|
\header { tagline = ##f }
scale = \relative b { \key bes \minor \omit Score.TimeSignature
bes^"B♭ natural minor scale" c des es f ges as bes as ges f es des c bes2 \clef F \key bes \minor }
\score { { << \cadenzaOn \scale \context NoteNames \scale >> } \layout { } \midi { } }
}}
Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The B-flat harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
{{block indent|
\header { tagline = ##f }
scale = \relative b { \key bes \minor \omit Score.TimeSignature
bes^"B♭ harmonic minor scale" c des es f ges a bes a! ges f es des c bes2 \clef F \key bes \minor }
\score { { << \cadenzaOn \scale \context NoteNames \scale >> } \layout { } \midi { } }
}}
{{block indent|
\header { tagline = ##f }
scale = \relative b { \key bes \minor \omit Score.TimeSignature
bes^"B♭ melodic minor scale (ascending and descending)" c des es f g a bes as? ges? f es des c bes2 \clef F \key bes \minor }
\score { { << \cadenzaOn \scale \context NoteNames \scale >> } \layout { } \midi { } }
}}
Scale degree chords
The scale degree chords of B-flat minor are:
- Tonic – B-flat minor
- Supertonic – C diminished
- Mediant – D-flat major
- Subdominant – E-flat minor
- Dominant – F minor
- Submediant – G-flat major
- Subtonic – A-flat major
Characteristics
B-flat minor is traditionally a 'dark' key.Wilfrid Mellers, "Round and About in Górecki's Symphony No. 3" Tempo 168 3 (1989): 23
The old valveless horn was barely capable of playing in B-flat minor: the only example found in 18th-century music is a modulation that occurs in the first minuet of Franz Krommer's Concertino in D major, Op. 80.J. Murray Barbour, Trumpets, Horns, and Music (1964), p. 163
Notable classical compositions
{{See also|List of symphonies in B-flat minor}}
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- Charles-Valentin Alkan
- Prelude Op. 31, No. 12 (Le temps qui n'est plus)
- Symphony for Solo Piano, 3rd movement: Menuet
- Samuel Barber
- Adagio for Strings
- Frédéric Chopin
- Piano Sonata No. 2 "Funeral March"{{IMSLP|work=Piano Sonata No.2, Op.35 (Chopin, Frédéric)|cname=Piano Sonata No. 2, Op. 35 (Chopin)}}
- Nocturne Op. 9 No. 1{{IMSLP|work=Nocturnes, Op.9 (Chopin, Frédéric)|cname=Nocturnes, Op. 9 (Chopin)}}
- Scherzo No. 2{{IMSLP|work=Scherzo No.2, Op.31 (Chopin, Frédéric)|cname=Scherzo No. 2, Op. 31 (Chopin)}}
- Prelude Op. 28, No. 16 "Hades"{{IMSLP|work=Preludes, Op.28 (Chopin, Frédéric)|cname=Preludes, Op.28 (Chopin)}}
- Mazurka Op. 24, No. 4
- Franz Liszt
- Transcendental Étude No. 12 (Chasse-neige) from Transcendental Études
- Sergei Rachmaninoff
- Piano Sonata No. 2, Op. 36
- Dmitri Shostakovich
- Symphony No. 13, Op. 113 ("Babi Yar")
- String Quartet No. 13, Op. 138
- Richard Strauss
- An Alpine Symphony begins and ends in B-flat minor.
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
- Piano Concerto No. 1{{IMSLP|work=Piano Concerto No.1, Op.23 (Tchaikovsky, Pyotr)|cname=Piano Concerto No. 1, Op. 23 (Tchaikovsky)}}
- Marche slave
- William Walton
- Symphony No. 1
{{Div col end}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline|B-flat minor}}
{{Circle of fifths}}