Baldanders

Baldanders (Soonchanged, Soon-Different) is a character in the novel Simplicius Simplicissimus by Grimmelshausen, appearing in its Continuatio (1669) or Sixth Book.{{sfnp|Fleishman|2011|p=15}} The character was appropriated from Hans Sachs's poem Baldanderst {{sic}} dated to 31 July 1534.{{sfnp|Grimmelshausen|Adair tr.|1986–2012|loc=p. 236, n324}} Hans Sachs probably derived his "Baldanderst" from Proteus, the shapeshifter of classical Greco-Roman mythology.

The hero of the story meets Baldanders when he stumbles upon a stone statue of an ancient Germanic hero, dressed in a Roman soldier's outfit with a large Swabian codpiece (i.e., {{lang|de|Hosenlatz}}, or "flap of the breeches"){{sfnp|Grimmelshausen|Adair tr.|1986–2012|p=236}} ({{lang|de|Schwabenlatz}}, literally "Swabian bib".). Baldanders claims to have met Sachs in July 1534, teaching the writer the secret art of conversing with inanimate objects.{{sfnp|Grimmelshausen|Adair tr.|1986–2012|p=236}}{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|Thus Grimmelshausen's novel alludes to borrowing Baldanders from Sachs.}} The protagonist begs to learn the art, and Baldanders offers to teach it, and administers a test in the form of a riddle consisting of a jumble of nonce words.{{sfnp|Grimmelshausen|Adair tr.|1986–2012|pp=236ff}} Baldanders subsequently changes into a succession of forms: an oak tree, a sow, a bratwurst sausage, then a peasant's excrement, a meadow of clovers, cow dung ({{lang|de|Kuhfladen}}), a flower, mulberry tree, and silk carpet.{{sfnp|Grimmelshausen|Adair tr.|1986–2012|p=237}}{{harvp|Sebald|1995|p=32}}; {{harvp|Sebald|1998|pp=23–24}}{{Refn|Here Simplicius comments that though he had not read Hans Sachs at that point, Balanders changing rapidly into different forms differed from what he read of Proteus according to Ovid's Metamorphoses.}} The significance of these objects is that the oak produces acorns that are eaten by the female pig, then turned into sausage, and eaten by human, in a natural cycle of things that perish and are reborn.

According to Sachs’ and collected descriptions, the Baldanders is a creature that is symbolic for the continual change in nature and society as well as the importance of familiarizing oneself with the common from another perspective.

The idea Baldanders appeared in illustration as the satyr-headed, winged, and fish-tailed composite creature in the frontispiece drawing of the book (image here) had been espoused by writer Jorge Luis Borges (El libro de los seres imaginarios), but that idea has been refuted.{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|Gersch's monograph on the frontispiece creature contends Borges was mistaken, but he also feels its identification as the "phoenix" is incorrect. Other commentators regard the creature to be the Phoenix Copper ({{langx|de|Phönix-Kupfer}}), an allegorical being embodying the plan or purpose behind the book. Grimmelhausen attached a poem about this phoenix in the work.}}

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Being a creature of literature, the Baldanders is not often featured in contemporary works. However, there have been a few mentions and inclusions of the creature in various media.

In further literature, the Baldanders was included in The Book of Imaginary Beings (El libro de los seres imaginarios) compiled by novelist Jorge Luis Borges.

In The Book of the New Sun series by Gene Wolfe, a recurring character's name was Baldanders, which Wolfe affirmed was based on Borges' description. In Chanda Hahn's UnEnchanted series book three, Fable, the baldander appears as a small, shape-shifting creature. In music, the Baldanders was the subject of a song by the 1970s German folk/progressive rock band Ougenweide.

Baldanders is a regular character in the bi-weekly, alternate history webcomic What Happened When created by Andrew Scott and Carlos Morote.{{Cite web|url=https://www.patreon.com/WHW|title=The WHW Team is creating Comics|website=Patreon|access-date=2016-04-22}} In this comic's alternate universe, Baldanders fulfils his original role as a 'Trickster' who also gives sage advice to his fellow members of The Ghost Club concerning an epidemic of rage-fuelled madness in Victorian London presumably caused by an onslaught of souls returning from the land of the dead.

The Baldanders is also mentioned in Japanese video games. In the Sega Mega Drive game Curse, the player controls the Baldanders star fighter, which was created by an ancient alien super technology. The PlayStation 2 and portable game Puyo Puyo Fever 2 features a character who is a large dog in knight's armor named Baldanders. In the game Final Fantasy XIII, Baldanders is an antagonist and fal'Cie who poses as a human named Galenth Dysley; in the English translation, his name is Latinized as Barthandelus. In the board-game-like Culdcept, Baldanders is a creature that temporarily changes into a different, random creature every time it fights. In Kazuhiro Fujita's manga, Ushio and Tora, Baldanders appears in the form of a small child, but also can become a ghost-like entity when fighting.

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;Citations

{{Reflist|30em|refs=

{{harvp|Grimmelshausen|Adair tr.|1986–2012}}, Book Six, Chapters 9–13, pp. 236–245.

{{cite encyclopedia|last=Fischer |first=Hermann |author-link=:de:Hermann Fischer (Germanist) |entry=Latz |title=Schwäbisches Wörterbuch |volume=4 |location=Tübingen |publisher=H. Laupp |date=1914 |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvs5AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1017 |pages=1017 |quote=}}{{blockquote|3. An der (bes. altern) Mannerkleidung {{=}}Hosenlatz.. Sonst in älterer Zeit bes. schwäbisch L... Schwabenlatz GRIMMELSH. Simpl. 6. Buch 9. Kap.}}

{{citation|last=Gersch |first=Hubert |author-link= |title=Literarisches Monstrum und Buch der Welt: Grimmelshausens Titelbild zum »Simplicissimus Teutsch« |location= |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |date=2015|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tidfCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 |pages=　|isbn=9783110915150}}

{{cite book|last=Jacobs |first=Carol |author-link=Carol Jacobs (academic) |title=Sebald's Vision |location= |publisher=Columbia University Press |date=2015 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQVaCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA66 |pages=66–67 |isbn=9780231540100}}

{{cite book|last=McCarty |first=Paul Truman |author-link= |title=Hora Martis: A Study of the Literary Reaction of Seventeenth Century Writers to the Thirty Years War in Germany |location= |publisher=University of Wisconsin |date=1940 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6ROAAAAMAAJ&q=Baldanders |pages=60–61}}

{{cite book|last=Sachs |first=Hans |author-link=Hans Sachs |title=Baldanderst, so bin ich genannt, der gantzen Welte wol bekant |location=Nürnberg |publisher=Hamsing |date=c. 1553 |orig-date=1534 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFDlazbiBpcC |page= |language=de}}

{{cite journal|last=Scholte |first=J. H. |author-link= |title=Die Stellung der «Continuatio» in Grimmelshausens Dichtung |journal=Trivium |volume=7 |date=1949 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R5swAQAAIAAJ&q=baldanders |page=333 |language=de}}

{{cite book|last=Speier|first=Hans |author-link=Hans Speier |chapter=Simplicissimus, the Irreverent Man |title=The Truth in Hell and Other Essays on Politics and Culture, 1935-1987 |location= |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=1989 |orig-date=1966 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmGGYlWqgnUC&pg=PA235 |page=235 |isbn=9780195058758}}
{{cite journal|last=Speier|first=Hans |author-link=Hans Speier |author-mask=2 |title=Simplicissimus, the Irreverent Fool |journal=Social Research |volume=33 |number=1 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |date=Spring 1966 |url= |page=19|jstor=40969802}}

{{cite book|last=Tatlock |first=Lynne |author-link= |chapter=Johann Jakob Christoph von Grimmelshausen |title=Seventeenth Century German Prose: Grimmelshausen, Leibniz, Opitz, Weise, and Others |location=New York |publisher=Continuum Publishing Company |date=1993 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3iiSG3mxqsIC&pg=PA165 |pages=165–166 |isbn=9780826407108 |series=German Library 7}}

}}

;Bibliography

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Grimmelshausen|Adair tr.|1986–2012}} |author-last=Grimmelshausen |author-first=Hans Jakob Christoffel von |author-link=Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen |author-mask= |translator-last=Adair |translator-first=Monte |translator-link= |title=Simplicius Simplicissimus |location= |publisher= Monte Frederick Adair|date=1986–2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aD5kF6blxIkC |page=|isbn=978-3-941170-68-1}} Free download.
• {{cite journal|last=Fleishman |first=Ian Thomas |author-link= |title=A Printed Proteus: Textual Identity in Grimmelshausen's 'Simplicissimus Teutsch'|journal=The German Quarterly |volume=84 |number=1 |date=Winter 2011 |url= |pages=4–20 |doi=10.1111/j.1756-1183.2011.00101.x |jstor=41237042}}
• {{cite book|author-last=Sebald |author-first=Winfried Georg |author-link=Winfried Georg Sebald |title=Die Ringe des Saturn: eine englische Wallfahrt |location= |publisher=Eichborn |date=1995 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ga6zAAAAIAAJ&q=baldanders |page=|isbn=9783821844480|language=de}}
• {{cite book|author-last=Sebald |author-first=Winfried Georg |author-link=Winfried Georg Sebald |author-mask=2 |title=The Rings of Saturn |translator-last=Hulse |translator-first=Michael |translator-link=Michael Hulse |location= |publisher=New Directions Publishing |date=1998 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c0HRuMc8HB4C&pg=PA23 |page= |isbn=9780811213783}}

{{refend}}

• [http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/?id=5&xid=982&kapitel=149&cHash=e03ca2dbda2#gb_found Spiegel Online: Baldanders Role in Simplicius Simplicissimus]

Category:Germanic mythology

Category:Shapeshifting