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Bandwing

{{short description|Subfamily of grasshoppers}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| name = Bandwings

| image = Austroicetes vulgaris.jpg

| image_caption = Austroicetes vulgaris

| taxon = Oedipodinae

| authority = Walker, 1871

| subdivision_ranks = Tribes

| subdivision = See text

| synonyms =

Locustidae Kirby, 1825

Locustinae Kirby, 1825

Oedipodidae Walker, 1871

}}

Bandwings, or band-winged grasshoppers, are the subfamily Oedipodinae[http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1103071 Orthoptera Species File (retrieved 28 January 2018)] of grasshoppers classified under the family Acrididae. They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae.Walker F (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum Supplement: 102 Many species primarily inhabit xeric weedy fields, and some are considered to be important locusts:

These grasshoppers often have colorful hindwings that may be yellow or red and edged with black. Others have black hindwings with pale edges, and a few species (including the most economically important ones) have clear hindwings. The arolium is extremely small or absent.

Defense

When bandwings feel safe, they appear drab. When they feel threatened, they leap out to reveal bold and bright colors. Some predators might even mistake the blue-winged grasshopper for a butterfly. But when the predator looks for the grasshopper, it is hiding in the grass. Bandwings continue this process if the predator tries to attack them.

Tribes and genera

The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:*[http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=36767 Orthoptera Species File (retrieved 1 December 2018)]

= Tribe Acrotylini =

Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia

File:Caelifera CBMen 11.jpg]]

  1. Acrotylus Fieber, 1853
  2. Pusana Uvarov, 1940

= Tribe Anconiini =

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic)

  1. Anconia Scudder, 1876

= Tribe Arphiini =

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America

File:Arphia xanthoptera P1130859a.jpg xanthoptera]]

  1. Arphia Stål, 1873
  2. Lactista Saussure, 1884 (synonym RehnitaHippopedon at [http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/Basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=50741 Orthoptera Species File Online])
  3. Leuronotina Hebard, 1932
  4. Tomonotus Saussure, 1861

= Tribe Bryodemini =

Auth. Bei-Bienko 1930; distribution: mostly central Asia

File:B tuberculata-W.jpg]]

  1. Andrea Mishchenko, 1989
  2. Angaracris Bei-Bienko, 1930
  3. Bryodema Fieber, 1853
  4. Bryodemacris Benediktov, 1998
  5. Bryodemella Yin, 1982 (Eastern Europe and temperate Asia)
  6. Compsorhipis Saussure, 1889
  7. Uvaroviola Bei-Bienko, 1930

= Tribe Chortophagini =

Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America

File:Chortophaga viridifasciata P1390820a.jpg]]

  1. Chimarocephala Scudder, 1875
  2. Chortophaga Saussure, 1884
  3. Encoptolophus Scudder, 1875
  4. Nebulatettix Gómez, Lightfoot & Miller, 2012
  5. Shotwellia Gurney, 1940

= Tribe Epacromiini =

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia through to New Caledonia

File:Aiolopus thalassinus feeding on grass 2.jpg]]

  1. Aiolopus Fieber, 1853
  2. Demirsoyus Sirin & Çiplak, 2004
  3. Epacromius Uvarov, 1942
  4. Heteropternis Stål, 1873
  5. Hilethera Uvarov, 1923
  6. Jasomenia Bolívar, 1914
  7. Paracinema Fischer, 1853
  8. Parahilethera Zheng & Ren, 2007
  9. Platypygius Uvarov, 1942

= Tribe Hippiscini =

Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: Americas

File:Hippiscus ocelote P1240847a.jpg]]

= Tribe Locustini =

Auth. Kirby, 1825; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia

File:Locusta m. migratorioides female.jpg female (solitary)]]

;subtribe Locustina Kirby, 1825

  1. Locusta Linnaeus, 1758 (monotypic)
  2. Oedaleus Fieber, 1853
  3. Psophus Fieber, 1853 - monotypic Psophus stridulus

;subtribe undetermined

  1. Brunnerella Saussure, 1888
  2. Chifanicus Benediktov, 2001
  3. Gastrimargus Saussure, 1884
  4. Grammoscapha Uvarov, 1942
  5. Locustana Uvarov, 1921
  6. Pternoscirta Saussure, 1884
  7. Ptetica Saussure, 1884
  8. Pycnodictya Stål, 1873
  9. Pyrgodera Fischer von Waldheim, 1846
  10. Scintharista Saussure, 1884

= Tribe Macherocerini =

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic)

  1. Machaerocera Saussure, 1859

= Tribe Oedipodini =

Auth. Walker, 1871; distribution: N. Africa, Europe, Asia

File:Oedipoda caerulescens 1.jpg]]

  1. Celes Saussure, 1884
  2. Mioscirtus Saussure, 1888
  3. Ochyracris Zheng, 1991
  4. Oedipoda Latreille, 1829
  5. Oedipodacris Willemse, 1932

= Tribe Parapleurini =

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893Parapleurini at [http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/Basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=43372 Orthoptera Species File Online] (synonym Parapleuri); distribution: N. America, Europe, Asia

File:Stethophyma magister 01.jpg magister]]

  1. Ceracris Walker, 1870
  2. Ceracrisoides Liu, 1985
  3. Formosacris Willemse, 1951
  4. Mecostethus Fieber, 1852
  5. Parapleurodes Ramme, 1941
  6. Stethophyma Fischer, 1853
  7. Yiacris Zheng & Chen, 1993

= Tribe Psinidiini =

Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America

File:Long-horn Band-winged Grasshopper - Psinidia fenestralis, Sapelo Island, Georgia.jpg]]

= Tribe Sphingonotini =

Auth. Johnston, 1956; distribution: worldwide, esp. Africa, Europe, Asia

File:Sphingonotus caerulans 0550.jpg sp.]]

  1. Conipoda Saussure, 1884
  2. Cophotylus Krauss, 1902
  3. Eusphingoderus Bei-Bienko, 1950
  4. Eusphingonotus Bey-Bienko, 1950
  5. Heliopteryx Uvarov, 1914
  6. Helioscirtus Saussure, 1884
  7. Hyalorrhipis Saussure, 1884
  8. Microtes Scudder, 1900
  9. Phaeonotus Popov, 1951
  10. Pseudoceles Bolívar, 1899
  11. Quadriverticis Zheng, 1999
  12. Sphingoderus Bei-Bienko, 1950
  13. Sphingonotus Fieber, 1852 - type species: Sphingonotus caerulansSphingonotus at [http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/Basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=42103 Orthoptera species File Online]
  14. Tetramerotropis Saussure, 1888
  15. Thalpomena Saussure, 1884
  16. Vosseleriana Uvarov, 1924

= Tribe Trilophidiini =

Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Asia (monotypic tribe)

File:Trilophidia conturbata2.jpg conturbata]]

  1. Trilophidia Stål, 1873

= Tribe [[Trimerotropini]] =

Auth. Blatchley, 1920; distribution: Americas

  1. Circotettix Scudder, 1876
  2. Conozoa Saussure, 1884
  3. Dissosteira Scudder, 1876
  4. Spharagemon Scudder, 1875
  5. Trimerotropis Stål, 1873

= Tribe Tropidolophini =

Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic tribe)

File:Tropidolophus formosus P1490430a.jpg]]

  1. Tropidolophus Thomas, 1873 - monotypic Tropidolophus formosus

= Genera ''[[incertae sedis]]'' =

File:CSIRO ScienceImage 40 An Australian plague locust Chortoicetes terminifera.jpg]]

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}

{{div col end}}

The genus Cibolacris was originally placed in Oedipodinae, and later moved to Gomphocerinae. The genus Stethophyma is traditionally included in Oedipodinae, but North American authors in particular sometimes place it in the Gomphocerinae or Acridinae. Some authors place all members of Oedipodinae within the subfamily Acridinae, and there has been much confusion and debate about the limits and relationships of the two subfamilies.Cibolacris at [http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=44467 Orthoptera Species File Online]

Oedipodinae at [http://osf2x.orthoptera.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=36767 Orthoptera Species File Online]Daniel Otte, 1982, 'The North American Grasshoppers, Volume 1: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae and Acridinae', Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|9780674626607}}DCF Rentz, RC Lewis, YN Su & MS Upton, 2003, 'A Guide to Australian Grasshoppers and Locusts', Natural History Publications (Borneo). {{ISBN|983-812-074-X}} , {{ISBN|978-983-812-074-6}}

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • {{Wikispecies inline|Oedipodinae}}
  • {{Commons category inline|Oedipodinae}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q30107}}