Barbarella (film)#Proposed sequel, remake and TV series

In an unspecified future,{{efn|Although not identified in the film itself, reviews and press materials have variously stated that the film takes place in either the 41st century{{sfn|Conrad|2018|p=108}} or the year 40,000 AD.{{sfn|Parks|1999|p=260}}}} space adventurer Barbarella is sent by the Earth's president to retrieve Durand Durand from the Tau Ceti planetary system. Durand is the inventor of a laser-powered weapon, the positronic ray, which Earth's leaders fear will cause mass destruction. Barbarella crash-lands on Tau Ceti's 16th planet{{efn|In some promotional materials, the planet is named Lythion.{{cite video| title = Barbarella: Queen of the Galaxy (50th Anniversary Edition) | medium = Blu-ray | publisher = Paramount Home Entertainment | location = Los Angeles, California | date = 2018 | quote = The setting is the planet Lythion in the year 40,000, when Barbarella (Jane Fonda) makes a forced landing while traveling through space.}}}} and is knocked unconscious by two children. They bring her to the wreckage of a spaceship, where they bind and attack her using mechanical dolls with razor-sharp teeth. Barbarella is rescued by Mark Hand, the Catchman who patrols the ice looking for errant children. Hand tells her that Durand is in the city of Sogo and offers her a ride to her ship in his ice boat. When Barbarella offers to repay him, Hand asks her to have sex with him. Barbarella is confused since Earthlings no longer have intimate physical contact; instead, they take pills "until full rapport is achieved." Hand suggests having sex in his bed instead. Barbarella relents and enjoys it but admits that she understands why sex is considered primitive and distracting on Earth.

Barbarella leaves the planet and crashes into a labyrinth inhabited by outcasts exiled from Sogo. She is found by Pygar, a blind angel who has lost the will to fly. Pygar introduces her to Professor Ping, who offers to repair her ship. Pygar flies Barbarella to Sogo, a den of violence and debauchery, after she restores his will to fly by having sex with him. Pygar and Barbarella are captured by Sogo's Black Queen and her concierge. The concierge describes the Mathmos:{{sfn|Curti|2016|p=85}} living energy in liquid form, powered by evil thoughts and used as an energy source in Sogo, which sits atop it. Pygar endures a mock crucifixion and Barbarella is placed in a cage, where hundreds of birds prepare to attack her. She is rescued by Dildano, leader of the local underground, who joins in her pursuit of Durand. Dildano gives her an invisible key to the Black Queen's chamber of dreams, where she sleeps.

After returning to Sogo, Barbarella is promptly recaptured by the concierge. He places her in the "Exsexsive Machine" which induces fatal sexual pleasure. She outlasts the machine and makes it go haywire. The concierge, shocked at its destruction, reveals himself as Durand Durand. Barbarella is surprised since he is only 25 years old but has aged tremendously—a side effect of the Mathmos. Durand wants to overthrow the Black Queen and become Sogo's new leader, which requires using his positronic ray and gaining access to the Queen's chamber of dreams. Durand takes Barbarella to the chamber and locks her inside with the invisible key. She sees the Queen, who warns that if two people are in the chamber, the Mathmos will devour them. Durand seizes control of Sogo as Dildano and his rebels begin their attack on the city. The Black Queen retaliates by releasing the Mathmos to destroy Sogo. Because of Barbarella's innocence, the Mathmos form a protective bubble around her and the Black Queen and safely expels them. They find Pygar, who clutches them in his arms and flies off. When Barbarella asks Pygar why he saved a tyrant, he tells her that an angel has no memory of the past.

• Jane Fonda as Barbarella
• John Phillip Law as Pygar
• Anita Pallenberg as the Black Queen, Great Tyrant of Sogo
• Joan Greenwood as the voice of the Black Queen{{sfn|Hughes|2014|p=102}}
• Milo O'Shea as Durand Durand
• Marcel Marceau as Professor Ping
• Claude Dauphin as the President of Earth
• Véronique Vendell as Captain Moon
• Serge Marquand as Captain Sun
• Giancarlo Cobelli as the Revolutionary
• David Hemmings as Dildano
• Ugo Tognazzi as Mark Hand

Having bought the film rights to Jean-Claude Forest's Barbarella comics, producer Dino De Laurentiis secured a distribution deal in the United States between France's Marianne Productions and Paramount Pictures. He planned to film Danger: Diabolik, a less-expensive feature, to help cover production costs.{{sfn|Curti|2016|p=85}} In 1966 Roger Vadim expressed admiration for comics (particularly Charles Schulz's Peanuts), saying that he liked "the wild humor and impossible exaggeration of comic strips" and wanted to "do something in that style myself in my next film, Barbarella."{{cite news|title=And Vadim 'Created' Jane Fonda|last=Curtiss|first=Thomas Quinn|page=X15|date=16 January 1966|newspaper=The New York Times}} Vadim saw the film as a chance to "depict a new futuristic morality ... Barbarella has [no] guilt about her body. I want to make something beautiful out of eroticism."{{cite news|title=Here's What Happened to Baby Jane|last=Jonas|first=Gerald|newspaper=The New York Times|date=22 January 1967|page=91|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/01/22/archives/heres-what-happened-to-baby-jane.html|access-date=June 27, 2020|url-access=subscription|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630101505/https://www.nytimes.com/1967/01/22/archives/heres-what-happened-to-baby-jane.html|url-status=live}} His wife, actress Jane Fonda, noted that Vadim was a fan of science fiction; according to the director, "In science fiction, technology is everything ... The characters are so boring—they have no psychology. I want to do this film as though I had arrived on a strange planet with my camera directly on my shoulder—as though I was a reporter doing a newsreel."{{cite news|title=Vadim's 'Barbarella,' a challenging film: A free hand Employs improvisation|first=Kimmis|last=Hendrick|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor|date=14 October 1967|page=6}}

After Terry Southern finished writing Peter Sellers' dialogue for Casino Royale, he flew to Paris to meet Vadim and Fonda. Southern, who had known Vadim in Paris during the early 1950s, saw writing a science-fiction comedy based on a comic book as a new challenge.{{sfn|Gerber|Lisanti|2014|p=53}} He enjoyed writing the script, particularly the opening striptease and the scenes with tiny robotic toys pursuing Barbarella to bite her. Southern enjoyed working with Vadim and Fonda, but he felt that De Laurentiis was intent only on making a cheap film that was not necessarily good.{{sfn|Gerber|Lisanti|2014|p=70}} Southern said later, "Vadim wasn't particularly interested in the script, but he was a lot of fun, with a discerning eye for the erotic, grotesque, and the absurd. And Jane Fonda was super in all regards."{{sfn|McGilligan|1997|p=385}} Southern was surprised to see his screenplay credited to Vadim and several Italian screenwriters in addition to himself.{{sfn|Gerber|Lisanti|2014|p=70}} Credited screenwriters included Claude Brulé, Vittorio Bonicelli, Clement Biddle Wood, Brian Degas, Tudor Gates, and Forest;{{cite magazine|magazine=Monthly Film Bulletin|title=Barbarella|volume=38|issue=408|pages=167–168|year=1968|issn=0027-0407}} Degas and Gates were hired by De Laurentiis after he was impressed with their work on Danger: Diabolik.{{sfn|Lucas|2007|p=724}} Charles B. Griffith later said that he had done uncredited work on the script; the production team "hired fourteen other writers" after Southern "before they got to me. I didn't get credit because I was the last one." According to Griffith, he "rewrote about a quarter of the film that was shot, then re-shot, and I added the concept that there had been thousands of years since violence existed so that Barbarella was very clumsy all through the picture. She shoots herself in the foot and everything. It was pretty ludicrous. The stuff with Claude Dauphin and the suicide room was also part of my contribution to the film."{{sfn|McGilligan|1997|p=168}}

File:Roger Vadim and Jane Fonda (Rome 1967, cropped).jpg

Several actresses were approached before Jane Fonda was cast as Barbarella: Brigitte Bardot, who was not interested in a sexualized role, and Sophia Loren, who was pregnant and felt that she would not fit the role.{{sfn|Parks|1999|p=259}} Fonda was uncertain about the film, but Vadim convinced her by saying that science fiction was a rapidly evolving genre. Before filming Barbarella, she was the subject of two sex scandals: the first when her nude body was displayed across an eight-story billboard promoting the premiere of Circle of Love in 1965, and the second when several candid nude photos from Vadim's closed set for The Game Is Over were sold to Playboy the following year. According to biographer Thomas Kiernan, the billboard incident made her a sex symbol in the United States.{{sfn|Parks|1999|p=259}} Vadim said he did not want the actress to play Barbarella "tongue in cheek", and he saw the character as "just a lovely, average girl with a terrific space record and a lovely body. I am not going to intellectualise her. Although there is going to be a bit of satire about our morals and our ethics, the picture is going to be more of a spectacle than a cerebral exercise for a few way-out intellectuals."{{cite news|title=What Kind of Supergirl Will Jane Fonda Be as Barbarella?|last=Aba|first=Marika|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=10 September 1967|page=C12}} Fonda felt her priority for Barbarella was to "keep her innocent"; the character "is not a vamp and her sexuality is not measured by the rules of our society. She is not being promiscuous but she follows the natural reaction of another type of upbringing. She is not a so-called 'sexually liberated woman' either. That would mean rebellion against something. She is different. She was born free".

Fonda personally recommended John Phillip Law as Pygar to Vadim following their work on Hurry Sundown; for the duration of his stay in Rome, the actor lived with Fonda, Vadim and Forest in their rented villa on Appian Way. Law, an avid comic book reader since childhood, read the Forest comics and studied the DC Comics character Hawkman for inspiration. The delayed pre-production of Barbarella allowed Law to film two roles before committing to the film: as Bill Meceita in the Spaghetti Western Death Rides a Horse, and as the title character in Danger: Diabolik.{{sfn|Lucas|2007|p=727}} For the role of the Black Queen, Southern recommended model Anita Pallenberg, the then-girlfriend of the Rolling Stones member Brian Jones; Southern had befriended her while working with the band on the film A Clockwork Orange.{{cite web|url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/17963/barbarella#articles-reviews?articleId=181205|title=In the Know (Barbarella) – Trivia|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|date=13 January 2008|access-date=6 November 2020|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027141759/https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/17963/barbarella/#articles-reviews?articleId=181205}} On the English-language prints of the film, Pallenberg's voice was dubbed by English actress Joan Greenwood.{{sfn|Hughes|2014|p=102}}

French mime Marcel Marceau had his first speaking role in the film as Professor Ping.{{cite news|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Marcel Marceau to Speak|page=54|date=22 September 1967}} Comparing Ping to his stage persona Bip the Clown and Harpo Marx, he said that he did not "forget the lines, but I have trouble organising them. It's a different way of making what's inside come out. It goes from the brain to the vocal chords, and not directly to the body."{{cite news|title=First Speaking Role for Marcel Marceau|last=Redmont|first=Dennis F.|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=25 October 1967|page=D20}}

All costumes in the film, including Fonda's, were designed by French costume designer Jacques Fonteray and manufactured by Sartoria Farani, with Barbarella's costume in the final scenes being, as the credits put it, "inspired by ideas of" fashion designer Paco Rabanne.{{Cite journal|last=Lundén|first=Elizabeth Castaldo|date=December 2016|title=Barbarella's wardrobe: Exploring Jacques Fonteray's intergalactic runway|journal=Film, Fashion & Consumption|volume=5|issue=2|pages=185–211|doi=10.1386/ffc.5.2.185_1}} Barbarella's outfits were Fonteray's interpretation of Forest's vision, combining Orientalist and medieval aesthetics with samurai armors. Forest also worked on the film's production design, and was credited in the film as its "artistic consultant". In a 1985 interview, he said that during production, he did not care about his original comic strip and was more interested in the film industry: "The Italian artists were incredible; they could build anything in an extremely short time. I saw all the daily rushes, an incredible amount of film. The choices that were made for the final cut from those images were not the ones I would have liked, but I was not the director. It wasn't my affair."

According to Law, Barbarella began shooting after production on Danger: Diabolik ended on 18 June 1967; sets such as Valmont's night club in Danger: Diabolik were used in both films.{{sfn|Curti|2016|p=88}} Barbarella was shot at Cinecittà in Rome.{{sfn|Bosworth|2011|p=252}} To film the striptease titles sequence, Fonda said that the set was turned upward to face the ceiling of the soundstage. A pane of thick glass was laid across the opening of the set, with the camera hung from the rafters above it. Fonda then climbed onto the glass to perform the scene.{{cite web|url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/17963/barbarella#articles-reviews|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|title=Barbarella (1968) – Articles|access-date=1 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202170930/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/17963/Barbarella/articles.html|archive-date=2 December 2016}} Other scenes involved hanging Fonda upside down in an enormous vat of oil and dry ice, and her stomach being skinned when being shot through a plastic tube. For the scenes involving the Excessive Pleasure Machine, Fonda and Milo O'Shea were not told of explosions that would happen on set since the prop was rigged with flares and smoke bombs. Fonda explained that "Vadim wanted us to look natural, so he didn't tell us what a big explosion there would be. When the machine blew up, flames and smoke were everywhere, and sparks were running up and down the wires. I was frightened to death, and poor Milo was convinced something had really gone wrong and I was being electrocuted."

For the scene involving Barbarella being attacked by hummingbirds, wrens and lovebirds were used as it was illegal to ship hummingbirds overseas. The birds were not behaving as Vadim had expected, which led to him employing a large fan to blow them at Fonda, who had birdseed in her costume. Film critic Roger Ebert, after visiting the set, wrote that the fan led to birds "losing control over natural body functions, so it was all a little messy". Ebert concluded that "After two weeks of this, [Fonda] got a fever and was hospitalized. I can't reveal here how they finally did the scene".{{cite news|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/interviews/interview-with-jane-fonda|last=Ebert|first=Roger|author-link=Roger Ebert|title=Interview With Jane Fonda|newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times|access-date=5 February 2018|date=15 October 1967|via=RogerEbert.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709012136/https://www.rogerebert.com/interviews/interview-with-jane-fonda|archive-date=9 July 2014}}

The actress later described her discomfort on the film's set. In her autobiography, Fonda said that Vadim began drinking during lunch; his words slurred, and "his decisions about how to shoot scenes often seemed ill-considered". Fonda was bulimic and, at the time, was "a young woman who hated her body...playing a scantily clad, sometimes-naked sexual heroine". Photographer David Hurn echoed Fonda, noting that she was insecure about her appearance during the production's photo shoots.{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/3792237/barbarella-at-45-david-hurns-iconic-images-of-jane-fonda/|magazine=Time|title='Barbarella' at 45: David Hurn's Iconic Images of Jane Fonda|access-date=26 April 2017|last=Godvin|first=Tara|date=10 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223192914/http://time.com/3792237/barbarella-at-45-david-hurns-iconic-images-of-jane-fonda/|archive-date=23 February 2016|url-status=live}} The actress took sick days so the film's insurance policy would cover the cost of a shutdown while the script was edited. Vadim later stated in his memoir that Fonda "didn't enjoy shooting Barbarella", specifically that she "disliked the central character for her lack of principle, her shameless exploitation of her sexuality and her irrelevance to contemporary social and political realities."{{sfn|Parks|1999|p=262}}

Michel Magne was commissioned to score Barbarella, but his effort was discarded.{{sfn|Spencer|2008|p=108}} The film's soundtrack, completed by composer-producers Bob Crewe and Charles Fox,{{sfn|Bartkowiak|Kiuchi|2015|p=59}} has been described as lounge or exotica.{{sfn|Bartkowiak|Kiuchi|2015|p=58}} Crewe was known for composing 1960s songs such as the Four Seasons' "Big Girls Don't Cry". Some of the music is credited to the Bob Crewe Generation, a group of session musicians who contributed to the soundtrack. Crewe invited the New York-based group The Glitterhouse, whom he knew through his production work, to provide vocals for the songs. He reflected on the soundtrack in his autobiography, saying that it "clearly needed to have a fun and futuristic approach to it, with sixties-music sensibility".{{sfn|Bartkowiak|Kiuchi|2015|p=59}}

Barbarella opened in New York City on 11 October 1968{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=23132|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|title=Barbarella (1968)|access-date=2 December 2016|archive-date=10 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710074434/http://www.afi.com/members//catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=23132}} and earned $2.5 million in North American theaters that year.{{cite magazine|title=Big Rental Films of 1968|magazine=Variety|date=8 January 1969|page=15|issn=0042-2738|quote=This figure is a rental accruing to distributors}} It was the second-most-popular film in general release in the United Kingdom in 1968, after The Jungle Book.{{sfn|Curti|2016|p=85}}{{cite news|newspaper=The Guardian|title=John Wayne-Money-Spinner|date=31 December 1968|page=3}} The film was shown in Paris that month, and was released in Italy on 18 October.{{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/barbarella-v3911|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520200817/http://www.allmovie.com/movie/barbarella-v3911|archive-date=20 May 2013|title=Barbarella (1968)|access-date=16 August 2017|last=Dillard|first=Brian J.|website=AllMovie}} It was released on 25 October in France by Paramount.{{cite web|url=http://www.unifrance.org/film/2330/barbarella?logged=1481142365592|title=Barbarella|access-date=7 December 2016|language=fr|publisher=Unifrance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220075312/http://www.unifrance.org/film/2330/barbarella?logged=1481142365592|archive-date=20 December 2016}} Barbarella received a "condemned" rating from the National Catholic Office for Motion Pictures, which called the film a "sick, heavy-handed fantasy with nudity and graphic representations of sadism" and criticized the Production Code Administration for approving it.{{sfn|Parks|1999|p=262}} Following the success of Star Wars, Paramount theatrically re-released the film in 1977; for this release, which was referred to in promotional materials as Barbarella: Queen of the Galaxy, the scenes of nudity were removed.{{sfn|Curti|2016|p=90}}

Despite frequently using the Barbarella: Queen of the Galaxy title and promotional art, home media releases of the film have been of the uncut 1968 version rather than the edited 1977 version.{{sfn|Lucas|1994|p=63}}{{cite web|url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/dvdsavant/s3907barb.html|website=DVD Talk|title=Barbarella: Savant Blu-ray Review|last=Erickson|first=Glenn|author-link=Glenn Erickson|access-date=7 November 2020|date=12 June 2012|archive-date=3 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203163332/https://www.dvdtalk.com/dvdsavant/s3907barb.html|url-status=live}} In 1994, the film's LaserDisc presented it in widescreen for the first time on home video.{{cite magazine|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|title=Barbarella: Queen of the Galaxy|date=18 February 1994|access-date=6 December 2016|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1994/02/18/barbarella-queen-galaxy|page=210|last=Simels|first=Steve|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408144044/http://ew.com/article/1994/02/18/barbarella-queen-galaxy/|archive-date=8 April 2017}} Reviewing this release for Video Watchdog, Tim Lucas noted that the film was presented with an incorrect aspect ratio of 2.47:1, resulting in the cropping of visual information that was present in the earlier pan and scan VHS releases, but noted that "many of Claude Renoir's 'psychedelia' images work on video only in this widescreen setting".{{sfn|Lucas|1994|p=63}}

Barbarella was released on DVD on 22 June 1999,{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2625596/blu-ray-review-barbarella-is-stellar-on-blu/|publisher=MTV News|title=Blu-ray Review: 'Barbarella' is Stellar on Blu|last=Webb|first=Charles|access-date=6 December 2016|date=7 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217164056/http://www.mtv.com/news/2625596/blu-ray-review-barbarella-is-stellar-on-blu/|archive-date=17 February 2017}}{{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/barbarella-v3911/releases|website=AllMovie|title=Barbarella (1968)|access-date=6 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219045944/http://www.allmovie.com/movie/barbarella-v3911/releases|archive-date=19 February 2017}} and on Blu-ray in July 2012, with the 1968 theatrical trailer the disc's only bonus feature.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20607459,00.html|title='Barbarella' and Beyond|last=Nashawaty|first=Chris|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|issue=1214|date=29 June 2012|access-date=21 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408232357/http://ew.com/article/2012/06/29/barbarella-and-beyond/|archive-date=8 April 2017}} According to Charles Taylor of The New York Times, home media releases of the film before the Blu-ray version were "murky".{{cite news|title=Barbarella|newspaper=The New York Times|date=6 May 2012|page=MT22|last=Taylor|first=Charles}} Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly, Sean Axmaker of Video Librarian and Glenn Erickson of DVD Talk called Barbarella{{'s}} Blu-ray transfer "breathtaking", "superb-looking" and "really good", respectively. The film was released on 4K Ultra HD and Blu-ray on 28 November 2023 by Arrow Video.{{cite web |title=Barbarella 4K Blu-ray (Limited Edition) |url=https://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Barbarella-4K-Blu-ray/344588/ |website=Blu-ray.com |access-date=2023-12-03}}

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 65% based on 75 reviews, with an average score of 6.2/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "Unevenly paced and thoroughly cheesy, Barbarella is nonetheless full of humor, entertaining visuals, and Jane Fonda's sex appeal."{{cite web |title=Barbarella |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/barbarella |website=Rotten Tomatoes}} {{MC film|51|13}}{{cite web |title=Barbarella |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/barbarella |website=Metacritic}}

Some contemporary publications reported that the film's first scenes were enjoyable, but its quality declined thereafter.{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=Comedy Films in Suburbs; 'Barbarella' in Town: Basbarella{{sic}} Shows Up As Overlong Serial|date=25 October 1968|page=C12|author=R. L. C.}} According to Wendy Michener's review in The Globe and Mail, after the striptease scene "we are plunged back into the mundane, not to say inane world, of the spy thriller with a dreary overlay of futuristic science-fiction" and it "just lies there, with all its psychedelic plastic settings".{{cite news|newspaper=The Globe and Mail|title=Barbarella, the post-atomic bomb|last=Michener|first=Wendy|date=12 October 1968|page=27}} Barbarella{{'s}} script and humor were criticized; a reviewer in Variety described the writing as "flat" with only "a few silly-funny lines of dialog" for a "cast that is not particularly adept at comedy".{{sfn|Willis|1985|pp=240–241|ps=: "Review is of 98-minute version published on October 9, 1968"}} Dan Bates wrote in Film Quarterly that "sharp satiric moments ... are welcome and refreshing but are rather infrequent", and Renata Adler of The New York Times noted that "there is the assumption that just mentioning a thing (sex, politics, religion) makes it funny".{{cite news|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Screen: Science + Sex = 'Barbarella': Jane Fonda Is Starred in Roger Vadim Film Violence and Gadgetry Set Tone of Movie|last=Adler|first=Renata|author-link=Renata Adler|date=12 October 1968|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9A01E1DA1530E034BC4A52DFB6678383679EDE|access-date=2 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709140152/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9A01E1DA1530E034BC4A52DFB6678383679EDE|archive-date=9 July 2017}}

Critics praised the film's design and cinematography. Variety{{'s}} mainly negative review noted "a certain amount of production dash and polish" and, according to Derek Malcolm of The Guardian, "Claude Renoir's limpid colour photography and August Lohman's eye-catching special effects are what save the movie time and again".{{cite news|newspaper=The Guardian|title=Fast and spurious|last=Malcolm|first=Derek|author-link=Derek Malcolm|date=16 October 1968|page=8}} A Monthly Film Bulletin reviewer wrote that Barbarella{{'s}} decor is "remarkably faithful to Jean-Claude Forest's originals", noting a "major contribution of Claude Renoir as director of photography" and "Jacques Fonterary's and Paco Rabanne's fantastic costumes". James Price of Sight and Sound agreed, citing "the inventiveness of the decors and the richness of Claude Renoir's photography".{{cite magazine|last=Price|first=James|url=https://archive.org/details/Sight_and_Sound_1969_01_BFI_GB/page/n63/mode/2up|title=Film Reviews|magazine=Sight and Sound|volume=37|issue=1|pages=46–47|date=Winter 1968–1969|issn=0037-4806}}

Malcolm and Adler criticized Barbarella{{'s}} nature, themes and tone, with Malcolm calling it a "nasty kind of film", "modish to the core" and "essentially just a shrewd piece of exploitation". Adler suggested the film's humor was "not jokes, but hard-breathing, sadistic thrashings." Bates called it "pure sub-adolescent junk" and "bereft of redeeming social or artistic importance".{{cite journal|journal=Film Quarterly|title=Short Notices|page=58|last=Bates|first=Dan|volume=22|issue=3|year=1969|doi=10.2307/1210800 |jstor=1210800 }}

Michener praised Barbarella as part of "the first female sci-fi". Its shaggy gold rugs, impressionist paintings and spaceship were "unquestionably female in design compared with any of today's projectiles"; Barbarella is "no man-challenging superwoman, but a sweet soft creature who's always willing to please a man who's kind to her". According to Price, "There is a real fascination in its basic idea, which is a happy belief in the survival of sexuality... The idea fascinates, but the execution somehow disappoints (how often one has to say that about Vadim)." Bates' review concluded, "In the year that Stanley Kubrick and Franklin Schaffner finally elevated the science-fiction movie beyond the abyss of the kiddie show, Roger Vadim has knocked it right back down."

Numerous retrospective reviews have discussed Barbarella{{'s}} plot and design.{{cite magazine|magazine=Video Librarian|title=Barbarella|last=Axmaker|first=Sean|volume=27|issue=5|page=43|issn=0887-6851}}{{cite web|url=https://www.avclub.com/review/barbarella-82308|website=The A.V. Club|title=Barbarella|access-date=11 July 2012|date=6 December 2016|last=Phipps|first=Keith|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903112621/http://www.avclub.com/review/barbarella-82308|archive-date=3 September 2016}} While stating that Barbarella "hardly ranks with Blood and Roses or Charlotte as one of Vadim's best", Lucas says that "Whatever charm the film still holds is entirely due to its visual imagination and highly over-done, Felliniesque artifice".{{sfn|Lucas|1994|p=63}} According to The A.V. Club{{'}}s Keith Phipps, "Mario Garbuglia keeps throwing inventive visuals and remarkable sets at the heroine" but "the journey itself is an unrelenting trudge". Sean Axmaker of Video Librarian called the film's "set design and wild color triumphing over story and character". Taylor perceived a lack of "plot impetus", suggesting that Vadim may have been "preoccupied with the special effects, though they are [and were] rather cheesy". Kim Newman of Empire gave Barbarella three stars out of five, calling the film "literally episodic" and writing that the episodes spend "more time on the art direction, the costuming and the psychedelic music track than the plot".

About its sexual elements, Brian J. Dillard wrote that the film's gender roles were not "particularly progressive, especially given the running gag about Barbarella getting her first few tastes of physical copulation after a lifetime of 'advanced' virtual sex" in his review on AllMovie.{{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/barbarella-v3911/review|website=AllMovie|title=Barbarella|access-date=6 December 2016|last=Dillard|first=Brian J.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220082135/http://www.allmovie.com/movie/barbarella-v3911/review|archive-date=20 December 2016}} Phipps found the film "a missed opportunity", saying that the source material was part of "an emerging wave of European comics for adults" which "Vadim film[ed] indifferently." David Kehr of the Chicago Reader found the film "ugly" on several levels, particularly its "human values".{{cite news|url=http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/barbarella/Film?oid=9031532|last=Kehr|first=Dave|author-link=David Kehr|newspaper=Chicago Reader|title=Barbarella|date=13 March 2013 |access-date=6 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220100409/http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/barbarella/Film?oid=9031532|archive-date=20 December 2016}} Newman summarized the film as "cheerful, kitsch and camp", with "a succession of truly amazing fashion creations with all the confidence of a generation that thought sex was, above all, fun". Newman compared the film to 2001: A Space Odyssey and Star Wars, writing that Barbarella makes them seem "stuffy" by comparison.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/barbarella/review/|magazine=Empire|last=Newman|first=Kim|author-link=Kim Newman|access-date=16 August 2017|title=Barbarella Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816133552/http://www.empireonline.com/movies/barbarella/review/|archive-date=16 August 2017}} Charles Webb's review for MTV said that Barbarella suffers when described as a "camp classic", since there was "so much to like about Fonda's work here and the movie as a whole"; "Fonda brings naivete and sweetness to a part that requires a certain level of comfort going bare onscreen, while the hostile planet Lythion is a parade of inventive and odd ways to imperil our heroine." Similarly, Lucas declared that "Fonda's performance, which the silly persist in finding controversial or compromising, has dated better than 90% of her 'serious' work; without her centrifugal, wide-eyed presence and suspenseful costume changes, one gets the impression that the whole production might spin madly out of control and off the screen".{{sfn|Lucas|1994|p=63}}

File:Barbarella-cosplayer.jpging as Barbarella. Author Jerry Lembcke noted that Barbarella's popularity went beyond the film buff community.{{sfn|Lembcke|2010|p=73}}]]

Barbarella and Danger: Diabolik were both part of a minor trend of Italian film adaptations of European comics (known in Italy as fumetti) that emphasized mild sadomasochism and late-1960s fetish gear; aside from these two films, 1968 saw the release of Piero Vivarelli's similarly themed Satanik.{{sfn|Newman|2011|p=255}}{{sfn|Hughes|2011|p=112}} These were followed by Bruno Corbucci's Ms. Stiletto in 1969, and Corrado Farina's Baba Yaga in 1973.{{sfn|Newman|2011|p=255}} The production and costume design of both films also reflected a larger movement of retrofuturism seen in European genre films of the 1960s and 1970s. These include Pasquale Festa Campanile's The Libertine and Check to the Queen, Umberto Lenzi's So Sweet... So Perverse, Tinto Brass' Col cuore in gola, Lucio Fulci's One on Top of the Other and A Lizard in a Woman's Skin, Elio Petri's The 10th Victim, Piero Schivazappa's The Laughing Woman and Radley Metzger's Camille 2000 and The Lickerish Quartet.{{cite AV media |title=Danger: Diabolik |publisher=Imprint Films |people=Ellinger, Kat |medium=Blu-ray|at=Exclusive Video Essay by film historian Kat Ellinger|time=8:15}}

According to the Los Angeles Times, Barbarella may seem "quaint" to modern audiences but its "imagery has echoed for years in pop culture."{{cite news|url=http://herocomplex.latimes.com/movies/jane-fonda-i-want-to-star-in-barbarella-sequel/|title=Jane Fonda: I want to star in 'Barbarella' sequel|last1=Vankin|first1=Deborah|last2=Boucher|first2=Geoff|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=27 January 2011|access-date=25 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915131207/http://herocomplex.latimes.com/movies/jane-fonda-i-want-to-star-in-barbarella-sequel/|archive-date=15 September 2014}} Lisa Eisner of The New York Times called Barbarella "the most iconic sex goddess of the '60s."{{cite magazine|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/10/magazine/style-man-of-steel.html?pagewanted=all|title=Style; Man of Steel|last1=Eisner|first1=Lisa|last2=Alonso|first2=Roman|date=10 March 2002|magazine=The New York Times Magazine|access-date=21 April 2014|url-access=limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306141800/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/10/magazine/style-man-of-steel.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=6 March 2016|url-status=live}} The film's costumes influenced Jean-Paul Gaultier's designs in The Fifth Element,{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/03/nyregion/j-c-forest-68-cartoonist-who-dreamt-up-barbarella.html|title=J.-C. Forest, 68, Cartoonist Who Dreamt Up 'Barbarella'|newspaper=The New York Times|date=3 January 1999|access-date=21 April 2014|url-access=limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423175024/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/03/nyregion/j-c-forest-68-cartoonist-who-dreamt-up-barbarella.html|archive-date=23 April 2014|url-status=live}} and Gaultier noted Paco Rabanne's metallic dress that was worn by Fonda.{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/30/fashion/jean-paul-gaultier-french-fashion-innovators/index.html|publisher=CNN|title=Vive la difference! Jean Paul Gaultier Reflects on the Great French Fashion Rebels of the 20th Century|access-date=16 August 2017|last=Gaultier|first=Jean Paul|author-link=Jean-Paul Gaultier|date=3 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816110312/http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/30/fashion/jean-paul-gaultier-french-fashion-innovators/index.html|archive-date=16 August 2017}}

Barbarella was later called a cult film.{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/barbarella-the-queen-of-cult-scifi-is-reborn-for-the-21st-century-26292813.html|title=Barbarella, the queen of cult sci-fi, is reborn for the 21st century|last=Akbar|first=Arifa|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=2 December 2012|access-date=17 April 2014|archive-date=19 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012239/http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/barbarella-the-queen-of-cult-scifi-is-reborn-for-the-21st-century-26292813.html|url-status=live}}{{cite news |title=Mysteries of the cult |last=French |first=Sean |newspaper=The Observer |date=11 December 1988 |page=A11}} Author Jerry Lembcke noted the film's popularity; it was available in small video stores, and was familiar beyond the film buff community. According to Lembcke, any "doubt about its cult status was dispelled when Entertainment Weekly ranked it number 40 on its list of top 50 cult movies" in 2003. He cited the film's popularity on the internet, with fansites ranging from a Barbarella festival in Sweden to memorabilia sales and reviews. Lembcke writes that the websites focus on the character of Barbarella.{{sfn|Lembcke|2010|p=73}}

Barbarella has influenced popular music, with English new wave band Duran Duran taking its name from the film's antagonist.{{sfn|Taylor|2008|p=39}} The group later released a 1984 concert film, Arena (An Absurd Notion), with Milo O'Shea reprising his role from Barbarella.{{cite magazine|last=Caulfield|first=Keith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HhAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA33|title=Billboard Picks: Music|magazine=Billboard|page=33|date=22 May 2004|volume=116|issue=21|issn=0006-2510}}{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/9969003/Actor-Milo-OShea-dies-aged-86.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|title=Actor Milo O'Shea dies aged 86|last=Chilton|first=Martin|date=3 April 2013|access-date=3 December 2016|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220033050/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/9969003/Actor-Milo-OShea-dies-aged-86.html|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=live}} Their 1981 debut album is titled Duran Duran, and in 1997, they released the song "Electric Barbarella", again taking inspiration from the film.{{sfn|Hughes|2014}}{{pn|date=June 2023}}

The musical duo Matmos as well as the British lighting company Mathmos took their name from the evil lake of sentient lava under the city of the Sogo.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/apr/21/werejammin|title=We're Jammin': Matmos|first=Pascal|last=Wyse|newspaper=The Guardian|date=21 April 2006}}{{Cite news|last=Gewertz|first=Ken|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2002/11/matmos-makes-music-from-found-sound/|title=Matmos makes music from found sound|newspaper=The Harvard Gazette|date=21 November 2002}}{{Cite web |title=Mathmos Lava Lamps in the 1990s |url=https://mathmos.com/lava-lamps-in-the-1990s/ |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=Mathmos UK |language=en-GB}}Music videos influenced by Barbarella include Kylie Minogue's "Put Yourself in My Place",{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/03/arts/music/kylie-minogue-favorites.html|title=Kylie Minogue Swoons for Prince (and Ennio Morricone)|last=Mzezewa|first=Tariro|date=November 3, 2020 |newspaper=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103150212/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/03/arts/music/kylie-minogue-favorites.html|url-access=limited|archive-date=November 3, 2020|url-status=live |access-date=August 1, 2021|quote=I paid homage to her and Barbarella with my video for 'Put Yourself in My Place' – one of the more agonizing videos I've done, where I was trying to be weightless. Luckily, I was young and fit! In my early 20s, when I was discovering my sexuality, I had these icons of glamour and, I suppose, femininity, but now I understand with some age and experience that wasn't all it was cracked up to be. But I still looked up to it.}} Katy Perry's "E.T.",{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/2011/12/16/floria-sigismondi-katy-perry-videos-et-the-one-that-got-away/|title=Katy Perry: Floria Sigismondi helms her most memorable 2011 videos|last=Beard |first=Lanford |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=December 16, 2011|access-date=March 11, 2022}} Ariana Grande's "Break Free",{{cite web|last=Garibaldi|first=Christina|title=Is Ariana Grande Channeling Sexy Barbarella? See A Few More 'Hints'|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1849270/ariana-grande-barbarella-jane-fonda/|publisher=MTV News|date=June 18, 2014|access-date=20 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727113619/http://www.mtv.com/news/1849270/ariana-grande-barbarella-jane-fonda/|archive-date=27 July 2015}}{{cite web |title=Ariana Grande Breaks Down Her Iconic Music Videos |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FX1eWKGGOrY |work=Allure |date=10 September 2021 |access-date=11 January 2024 |via=YouTube}} and "In Walks Barbarella" by Clutch.{{cite web |title=In Walks Barbarella |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZ9GSFZZY6c |website=YouTube}}{{cite web |title=CLUTCH Debut "In Walks Barbarella" Music Video; Limited Edition 7" Picture Disc Available |url=https://bravewords.com/news/clutch-debut-in-walks-barbarella-music-video-limited-edition-7-picture-disc-available |website=BraveWords |access-date=29 April 2022}}

A sequel to Barbarella was planned in November 1968. Producer Robert Evans said that its working title would be Barbarella Goes Down, with the character having undersea adventures.{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=Film Pair Gets Bum's Rush in Bistros|date=28 November 1968|page=D15|last=Haber|first=Joyce}} Terry Southern said that he was contacted by de Laurentiis in 1990 to write a sequel "on the cheap ... but with plenty of action and plenty of sex", and possibly starring Fonda's daughter.{{sfn|McGilligan|1997|p=385}}

A new version of Barbarella was proposed in the 2000s, and director Robert Rodriguez was interested in developing a version after the release of Sin City. Universal Pictures planned to produce the film, with Rose McGowan playing Barbarella.{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2432048/exclusive-robert-rodriguezs-barbarella-adaptation-is-dead/|publisher=MTV News|title=Exclusive: Robert Rodriguez's 'Barbarella' Adaptation is Dead|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|date=5 May 2009|access-date=2 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515040157/http://www.mtv.com/news/2432048/exclusive-robert-rodriguezs-barbarella-adaptation-is-dead/|archive-date=15 May 2017}} Dino and Martha De Laurentiis signed on with writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade, who had worked on Casino Royale.{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2007/film/markets-festivals/barbarella-back-in-action-1117962920/ |title='Barbarella' back in action |last=Fleming |first=Michael |date=11 April 2007 |access-date=2 December 2016 |magazine=Variety |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203123715/http://variety.com/2007/film/markets-festivals/barbarella-back-in-action-1117962920/ |archive-date=3 December 2016}} When the film's budget exceeded $80 million, Universal withdrew. According to Rodriguez, he did not want his film to look like Vadim's.{{cite news |last=Morgan |first=Spencer |date=16 October 2007 |url=http://www.nyobserver.com/2007/i-barbar-i-hella-robert-rodriguez-fonda-rose-mcgowan-queen-galaxy-role-universal-winces |title=Barbar-hella! Robert Rodriguez Is Fonda of Rose McGowan in Queen of the Galaxy Role, But Universal Winces |newspaper=The New York Observer |access-date=17 October 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071019031208/http://nyobserver.com/2007/i-barbar-i-hella-robert-rodriguez-fonda-rose-mcgowan-queen-galaxy-role-universal-winces| archive-date= 19 October 2007 | url-status= live}} He searched for alternate financing when Universal did not meet his budget, and found a studio in Germany which would provide a $70 million budget. Rodriguez eventually left the project, since using that studio would require a long separation from his family. Joe Gazzam was then approached to write a screenplay, with Robert Luketic directing and Dino and Martha De Laurentiis still credited as producers.{{cite magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810095652/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i111888fc4afd5a6ac9f5a5d1ff38221f|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i111888fc4afd5a6ac9f5a5d1ff38221f|title=New 'Barbarella' in works|last=Kit|first=Borys|date=6 August 2009|access-date=2 December 2016|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|archive-date=10 August 2009}}

Gaumont International Television announced a pilot for a TV series based on the film by Amazon Studios in 2012.{{cite magazine|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/barbarella-nicolas-winding-refn-340122|access-date=5 February 2018|first=Rebecca|last=Leffler|title='Drive' Director Nicolas Winding Refn to Bring 'Barbarella' to the Small Screen|date=20 June 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206131548/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/barbarella-nicolas-winding-refn-340122|archive-date=6 February 2018}} The pilot would be written by Purvis and Wade and directed by Nicolas Winding Refn,{{cite web|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|title='Barbarella' Series Project Lands at Amazon|url=https://deadline.com/2014/01/barbarella-tv-series-amazon-668227/|website=Deadline Hollywood|access-date=24 November 2015|date=20 January 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125052402/http://deadline.com/2014/01/barbarella-tv-series-amazon-668227/|archive-date=25 November 2015}}{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2016/01/nicolas-winding-refn-teams-up-with-james-bond-scribes-neil-purvis-and-robert-wade-1201692729/|website=Deadline Hollywood|title=Nicolas Winding Refn Teaming With James Bond Scribes Purvis & Wade On New Project|last=Jaafar|first=Ali|date=29 January 2016|access-date=2 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221000657/https://deadline.com/2016/01/nicolas-winding-refn-teams-up-with-james-bond-scribes-neil-purvis-and-robert-wade-1201692729/|archive-date=21 December 2016}} and the series would be set in Asia. Refn spoke about the show in 2016 where he discussed about having a greater interest on developing The Neon Demon than Barbarella, concluding that "certain things are better left untouched. You don't need to remake everything."{{cite web|url=https://theplaylist.net/nicolas-winding-refn-suggest-barbarella-show-not-happening-admits-meetings-bond-wonder-woman-20160627/|website=The Playlist|title=Nicolas Winding Refn Suggests 'Barbarella' Show Isn't Happening; Admits To Meetings About 'Bond' & 'Wonder Woman'|date=27 June 2016|access-date=18 February 2018|last=Davis|first=Edward|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219090550/https://theplaylist.net/nicolas-winding-refn-suggest-barbarella-show-not-happening-admits-meetings-bond-wonder-woman-20160627/|archive-date=19 February 2018}}

In 2022, Sony Pictures announced development on a new version of Barbarella, with Sydney Sweeney set to star as the titular character as well as executive produce.{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=2022-10-11 |title=Sydney Sweeney To Star and Exec Produce New 'Barbarella' Movie For Sony Pictures |url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/sydney-sweeney-barbarella-remake-sony-pictures-1235141900/ |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=Deadline Hollywood}} In 2024, Edgar Wright signed on to direct.{{Cite web |last=Gajewski |first=Ryan |date=May 13, 2024 |title=Edgar Wright in Talks to Direct Sydney Sweeney's 'Barbarella' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/sydney-sweeney-barbarella-edgar-wright-direct-1235897947/ |access-date=September 18, 2024 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}} When asked her thoughts on this planned reinterpretation of the movie in a 2025 interview with Vogue, original Barbarella actress Jane Fonda simply said "Good Luck".{{Cite web |last=Bell |first=Keaton |date=2025-02-20 |title=Jane Fonda Looks Back on Her 65-Year Career—and Ahead to What’s Next |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/jane-fonda-sag-lifetime-achievment-award |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}

• List of cult films
• List of films based on French-language comics
• List of French films of 1968
• List of Italian films of 1968
• List of science fiction films of the 1960s

Informational notes

{{notelist}}

Citations

{{Reflist}}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}

• {{cite book|title=The Music of Counterculture Cinema: A Critical Study of 1960s and 1970s Soundtracks|last1=Bartkowiak|first1=Matthew J.|last2=Kiuchi|first2=Yuya|publisher=McFarland|year=2015|isbn=978-0786475421}}
• {{cite book|title=Jane Fonda: The Private Life of a Public Woman|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780547152578|url-access=registration|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|last=Bosworth|first=Patricia|year=2011|isbn=978-0547504476}}
• {{cite book |last=Conrad |first=Dean|title=Space Sirens, Scientists and Princesses: The Portrayal of Women in Science Fiction Cinema |publisher=McFarland |date=2018 |isbn=9781476632711 }}
• {{cite book |last=Curti |first=Roberto |title=Diabolika: Supercriminals, Superheroes and the Comic Book Universe in Italian Cinema |publisher=Midnight Marquee Press |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-936168-60-6 }}
• {{cite book|title=Trippin' with Terry Southern: What I Think I Remember|publisher=McFarland|last1=Gerber|first1=Gail|last2=Lisanti|first2=Gail|year=2014|isbn=978-0786487271}}
• {{cite book |last=Hughes |first=Howard |title=Cinema Italiano: The Complete Guide from Classics to Cult |publisher=I.B.Tauris |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-85773-044-2 }}
• {{cite book | last=Hughes | first=Howard | year=2014 | title=Outer Limits: The Filmgoers' Guide to the Great Science-Fiction Films | publisher=I.B.Tauris | isbn=978-0857734754}}
• {{cite book | last=Lembcke | first=Jerry | year=2010 | title=Hanoi Jane: War, Sex, & Fantasies of Betrayal | publisher=University of Massachusetts Press | isbn=978-1558498150 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/hanoijanewarsexf00lemb }}
• {{cite book|last=Lisanti|first=Tom|title=Drive-in Dream Girls: A Galaxy of B-movie Starlets of the Sixties|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hwFbcgV_LDgC&pg=PA222|date=1 January 2003|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-1575-5|access-date=10 October 2016|archive-date=20 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320124545/https://books.google.com/books?id=hwFbcgV_LDgC&pg=PA222|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book |last=Lucas |first=Tim |author-link=Tim Lucas |title=Mario Bava: All the Colors of the Dark |publisher=Video Watchdog |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-9633756-1-2 }}
• {{cite magazine|last=Lucas |first=Tim |magazine=Video Watchdog|title=Laserdiscs: Barbarella, Queen of the Galaxy|date=May–July 1994|issue=23}}
• {{cite book|title=Backstory 3: Interviews with Screenwriters of the 60s|publisher=University of California Press|last=McGilligan|first=Patrick|year=1997|isbn=0520204271}}
• {{cite book |last=Newman |first=Kim |author-link=Kim Newman |title=Nightmare Movies: Horror on Screen Since the 1960s |year=2011 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4088-1750-6}}
• {{cite book |last=Parks |first=Lisa |author-link=Lisa Parks (media scholar)|year=1999|chapter=Bringing Barbarella Down to Earth|editor1-last=Radner |editor1-first=Hilary |editor2-last=Luckett |editor2-first=Moya |title=Swinging Single: Representing Sexuality in the 1960s|publisher=University of Minnesota Press |isbn=0816633517}}
• {{cite book|first=Kristopher|last=Spencer|publisher=McFarland|title=Film and Television Scores, 1950-1979: A Critical Survey by Genre|year=2008|isbn=978-0786452286}}
• {{cite book | last=Taylor | first=Andy | year=2008 | title=Wild Boy: My Life in Duran Duran | publisher=Grand Central Publishing | isbn=978-0-446-54606-5|author-link=Andy Taylor (guitarist)}}
• {{cite book

|editor-last=Willis

|editor-first=Donald

|title=Variety's Complete Science Fiction Reviews

|publisher=Garland Publishing Inc.

|isbn=0-8240-6263-9

|year=1985

}}

{{Refend}}

{{Wikiquote|Barbarella (film)}}

{{Commons category|Barbarella (film)}}

• {{IMDb title}}
• {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
• {{TCMDb title}}

{{Roger Vadim}}

{{Terry Southern}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barbarella}}

Category:1968 films

Category:1960s English-language films

Category:1960s fantasy adventure films

Category:1960s French films

Category:1960s Italian films

Category:1960s science fiction adventure films

Category:English-language fantasy adventure films

Category:English-language French films

Category:English-language Italian films

Category:English-language science fiction adventure films

Category:Fiction set around Tau Ceti

Category:Films based on French comics

Category:Films directed by Roger Vadim

Category:Films produced by Dino De Laurentiis

Category:Films scored by Charles Fox

Category:Films set in the future

Category:Films set on fictional planets

Category:Films shot at Cinecittà Studios

Category:Films with screenplays by Terry Southern

Category:French fantasy adventure films

Category:French science fiction adventure films

Category:Italian fantasy adventure films

Category:Italian science fiction adventure films

Category:Live-action films based on comics

Category:Mad scientist films

Category:Paramount Pictures films

Category:Retrofuturism

Category:Space adventure films