Berberidaceae

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Berberis darwinii shoot.jpg

| image_caption = Berberis darwinii shoot with flowers

| taxon = Berberidaceae

| authority = Juss.

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision = See text

}}

The Berberidaceae are a family of 18 genera of flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order Ranunculales. The family contains about 700 known species,{{Cite journal|last=CHRISTENHUSZ|first=MAARTEN J.M.|last2=BYNG|first2=JAMES W.|date=2016-05-20|title=The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase|journal=Phytotaxa|language=en|volume=261|issue=3|pages=201|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1|issn=1179-3163|doi-access=free}} of which the majority are in the genus Berberis. The species include trees, shrubs and perennial herbaceous plants.

Taxonomy

The APG IV system of 2016 recognises the family and places it in the order Ranunculales in the clade eudicots.{{Cite journal|last=The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|date=2016-05-01|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|language=en|volume=181|issue=1|pages=1–20|doi=10.1111/boj.12385|issn=1095-8339|doi-access=free}}

In some older treatments of the family, Berberidaceae only included four genera (Berberis, Epimedium, Mahonia, Vancouveria), with the other genera treated in separate families, Leonticaceae (Bongardia, Caulophyllum, Gymnospermium, Leontice), Nandinaceae (Nandina), and Podophyllaceae (Achlys, Diphylleia, Dysosma, Jeffersonia, Podophyllum, Ranzania, Sinopodophyllum).

Mahonia is very closely related to Berberis, and included in it by many botanists. However, recent DNA-based phylogenetic research has reinstated Mahonia, though with a handful of species transferred into the newly described genera Alloberberis (formerly Mahonia section Horridae) and Moranothamnus (formerly Mahonia claireae).{{Cite journal|last=Yu|first=Chih-Chieh|last2=Chung|first2=Kuo-Fang|date=2017-12-22|title=Why Mahonia? Molecular recircumscription of Berberis s.l., with the description of two new genera, Alloberberis and Moranothamnus|journal=Taxon|volume=66|issue=6|pages=1371–1392|doi=10.12705/666.6}} Species of Mahonia and Berberis can be hybridised, with the hybrids being classified in the genus × Mahoberberis.{{cite web | title=Plants Profile for Mahoberberis | website=USDA PLANTS | url=http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=MAHOB | access-date=2020-11-17}}{{cite web | title=Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals) | website=Invasive Species Compendium | publisher=Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International | date=2019-12-10 | url=http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/45797 | access-date=2020-11-17}}

Diphyllaea is closely related to or perhaps embedded within Podophyllum. Instead of the current trend to subdivide Podophyllum into three genera (Podophyllum, plus Dysosma and Sinopodophyllum), inclusion of Diphyllaea in a larger Podophyllum is equally warranted.

Genera are displayed in the following cladogram

{{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Alloberberis C. C. Yu & K. F. Chung

|2=Berberis L. including Mahonia Nutt. — barberry

|4=Moranothamnus

}}

|2=Ranzania T. Itô (Japan)

}}

|2={{clade

|1=Nandina Thunb. — heavenly bamboo (eastern Asia from the Himalaya to Japan)

|2={{clade

|1=Caulophyllum Michx. — blue cohosh

|2=Gymnospermium Spach

}}

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Bongardia C. A. Mey.

|2={{clade

|1=Achlys DC. — vanilla-leaf

|2={{clade

|1=Diphylleia Michx. (southern Appalachian Mountains, northern Japan, and China)

|2={{clade

|1=Dysosma (China)

|2=Podophyllum L. — mayapple (North America and Asia)

|3=Sinopodophyllum (Afghanistan, Bhutan, northern India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan, Tibet, and western China)

}}

|2={{clade

|1=Epimedium L.

|2=Vancouveria Morren & Decne. — inside-out flower (western U.S.)

}}

|2={{clade

|1=Jeffersonia W. Bartram — twinleaf

|2=Plagiorhegma Maxim.

}}

|3=Leontice L. (Middle East to Central and Western Asia)

}}

Gallery

Berberidaceae_California_Barberry.jpg|Berberis pinnata (California barberry)

Berberidaceae Mahonia Swaseyi.jpg|Berberis swaseyi

Berberis darwinii from the Berberidaceae (8406231651).jpg|Berberis darwinii (calafate or michay)

Berberis empetrifolia, fruit (8625238212).jpg|Berberis empetrifolia, fruit

References

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20060516175157/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/berberid.htm Berberidaceae], [https://web.archive.org/web/20061101100636/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/leontica.htm Leonticaceae], [https://web.archive.org/web/20060310092635/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/nandinac.htm Nandinaceae], [https://web.archive.org/web/20060426024959/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/podophyl.htm Podophyllaceae] in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards), [https://web.archive.org/web/20101213041459/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ The families of flowering plants.]
[http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Berberidaceae Berberidaceae links] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013060757/http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Berberidaceae |date=2008-10-13 }}
[http://www.chileflora.com/Florachilena/FloraEnglish/PIC_FAMILIES_SIMPLE_Berberidaceae.php Chilean Berberidaceae, by Chileflora]

Category:Eudicot families

Category:Flora of Nepal