Besleney#Language
{{Short description|Circassian tribe}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Besleney
| native_name = беслъэнейхэр
| native_name_lang = ady
| image = Konoko tamga.svg
| image_caption = Symbol of the Kanoko clan which ruled Besleney{{cite book|date=1889 |language=ru |publication-place=Odessa |title=ЗАПИСКИ ИМПЕРАТОРСКАГО ОДЕССКАГО ОБЩЕСТВА ИСТОРИИ И ДРЕВНОСТЕЙ |volume=15}}
| languages = Circassian (Besleney Kabardian dialect), Turkish, Russian
| religions = Islam (Sunni Islam)
}}
The Besleney (Circassian: Bеслъэней, {{IPA|kbd|basɬənəj}}; {{langx|ru|Бесленеевцы}}) are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag.{{cite web|date=2010|title=Circassians|url=https://www.adiga-home.net/Circassians.htm|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820015838/https://www.adiga-home.net/Circassians.htm|archive-date=August 20, 2014|access-date=17 May 2016|website=Adiga-home.net|quote=The 12 Circassian tribes: Abadzeh Besleney Bzhedug Yegeruqay Zhaney Kabarday Mamheg Natuhay Temirgoy Ubyh Shapsug Hatukay. The twelve stars on the Adyghe Flag also refers to the twelve tribes.}} By character, culture and language, the Besleney are closest to Kabardians.John Colarusso. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5FsLlweDug8C&dq A Grammar of the Kabardian Language] University of Calgary Press, 1992. p. 12. {{ISBN|9780919813991}} "This highly divergent dialect..." The noble families of the Besleney were Kanoko and Shaloho, ancestors of Kabardian Prince Beslan, (the son of legendary Prince Inal),{{citation needed|date=August 2019}} who established his own tribe of the same name.
Population
{{Circassians}}{{Location map+|Russia Krasnodar Krai|width=350px|float=right|relief=1|thumb|caption=Historical locations of Circassian tribes
|places=
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.00|long=41.20|label=Abazin|mark=Clear pog.svg|background=PowderBlue|label_size=100}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=43.20|long=41.30|label=Abkhaz|mark=Clear pog.svg|background=PowderBlue|label_size=100}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.62|long=38.80|label=Abzakh|mark=Blue-circle.png}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.20|long=39.80|label=Abzakh|position=left|mark=Blue-circle.png}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.40|long=41.50|label=Besleney|mark=Clear pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.90|long=38.60|label=Bzhedug|mark=Clear pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=45.00|long=39.00|label=Hatuqwai|position=top}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.19|long=42.54|label=Kabardian|position=top left|mark=Clear pog.svg |outside = 1 }}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=45.14|long=38.08|label=Kuban Kabardian|position=top|mark=Clear pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.50|long=39.50|label=Mamkhegh|mark=Clear pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=45.00|long=37.30|label=Natukhai|mark=Dot-yellow.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.75|long=37.50|label=|mark=Dot-yellow.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.40|long=38.25|label=Natukhai|position=left|mark=Dot-yellow.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.80|long=37.95|label=Shapsug|mark=Solid blue.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.30|long=38.75|label=|mark=Solid blue.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=43.90|long=39.45|label=Shapsug|position=left|mark=Solid blue.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=45.00|long=39.50|label=Temirgoy|mark=Point carte.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.20|long=40.30|label=Temirgoy|position=right|mark=Point carte.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=43.60|long=39.60|label=Ubykh|mark=Clear pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=44.85|long=40.40|label=Yegeruqwai|position=right|mark=Clear pog.svg}}
{{Location map~|Russia Krasnodar Krai|lat=45.30|long=36.80|label=Zhaney|mark=Clear pog.svg}}
}}
The majority of the Besleney live in the valley of Bolshaya and Malaya Laba Rivers and on the bank of Urup in the Russian Republics of Karachay-Cherkessia, Krasnodar Krai and Adygea.James Stuart Olson, et al., eds. "Adyghe".[https://books.google.com/books?id=CquTz6ps5YgC&dq An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires.] Greenwood Publishing, 1994. p. 15. {{ISBN|9780313274978}} "The Beslenei (Beslenej) are located between the upper Urup and Khozdya rivers, and along the Middle Laba River, in the western reaches of the North Caucasus." They also extend to the valleys of Chetem, Fars, Psefir, Kuban (Western Circassia).
Language
{{main|Besleney Kabardian dialect}}
File:Besleneys villages in 1830-1850 years.png around 1830–1850; "1" denotes nine villages resettled from the mountains by General Grigory Zass; "2" denotes villages whose names are unknown; The area of village concentration in the upper reaches of the Laba River tributaries is now part of Krasnodar Krai between Adygea to the north and Karachay-Cherkessia to the south|left]]
The Besleney people speak the Besleney sub-dialect ({{langx|ady|Бэслъыныйбзэ}}) of the Kabardian Adyghe dialect (East Circassian). However, because the Besleney tribe lived at the center of Circassia, the Besleney dialect also shares a large number of features with dialects of the West Adyghe dialect. Like the Adyghe Shapsug sub-dialect, there exist a palatalized voiced velar plosive {{IPA|[ɡʲ]}}, a palatalized voiceless velar plosive {{IPA|[kʲ]}} and a palatalized velar ejective {{IPA|[kʲʼ]}}, which were merged to {{IPA|[d͡ʒ]}}, {{IPA|[t͡ʃ]}} and {{IPA|[t͡ʃʼ]}} in other Circassian dialects.[https://www.academia.edu/1888554/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2 Консонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков] {{in lang|ru}} The Besleney dialect also has an alveolar lateral ejective affricate {{IPA|[t͡ɬʼ]}}, which corresponds to an alveolar lateral ejective fricative {{IPA|[ɬʼ]}} in most other varieties of Circassian.[http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/KBD/kbd.html UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive - Recording Details for Kabardian Baslanei dialect]. In the first word list called [http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/KBD/kbd_word-list_1970_01.html kbd_word-list_1970_01.html] the words "man" and "quarter" are pronounced as {{IPA|/t͡ɬʼə/}} and {{IPA|/pt͡ɬʼaːna/}} compare to Standard Kabardian {{IPA|/ɬʼə/}} and {{IPA|/pɬʼaːna/}} The Besleney dialect has a voiceless glottal fricative [h] that corresponds to {{IPAblink|x}} in other Circassian dialects.[https://www.academia.edu/1888554/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2 Консонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков] {{in lang|ru}}
class="wikitable" |
rowspan=2| Meaning
! colspan=2| Besleney sub-dialect ! colspan=2| Standard Kabardian ! colspan=2| Standard Adyghe ! colspan=2| Shapsug sub-dialect |
---|
Cyrillic
!IPA !Cyrillic !IPA !Cyrillic !IPA !Cyrillic !IPA |
horse
| чъы | [t͡ʂɘ] | шы | [ʃɘ] | шы | [ʃɘ] | шы | [ʃɘ] |
sister
| чъыпхъу | [t͡ʂɘpχʷ] | шыпхъу | [ʃɘpχʷ] | шыпхъу | [ʃɘpχʷ] | шыпхъу | [ʃɘpχʷ] |
wedding
| нысачъэ | [nɘsaːt͡ʂɐ] | нысашэ | [nɘsaːʃɐ] | нысашэ | [nɘsaːʃɐ] | нысашэ | [nɘsaːʃɐ] |
day
| махуэ | [maːxʷɐ] | махуэ | [maːxʷɐ] | мафэ | [maːfɐ] | мафэ | [maːfɐ] |
black
| фӏыцӏэ | [fʼɘt͡sʼɐ] | фӏыцӏэ | [fʼɘt͡sʼɐ] | шӏуцӏэ | [ʃʷʼɘt͡sʼɐ] | шӏусӏэ | [ʃʷʼɘsʼɐ] |
shirt, dress
| гьанэ | [ɡʲaːnɐ] | джанэ | [d͡ʒaːnɐ] | джанэ | [d͡ʒaːnɐ] | гьанэ | [ɡʲaːnɐ] |
tree
| джыг | [d͡ʒɘɣ] | жыг | [ʒɘɣ] | чъыгы | [t͡ʂɘɡɘ] | чъыгы | [t͡ʃɘɣɘ] |
four
| птлӏы | [pt͡ɬʼɘː] | плӏы | [pɬʼɘː] | плӏы | [pɬʼɘː] | плӏы | [pɬʼɘː] |
man
| тлӏы | [t͡ɬʼɘː] | лӏы | [ɬʼɘː] | лӏы | [ɬʼɘː] | лӏы | [ɬʼɘː] |
chicken
| гьэд | [gɐd] | джэд | [d͡ʒɐd] | чэты | [t͡ʃɐtɘ] | кьэт | [kʲɐt] |
tail, seed
| кӏьэ | [kʲʼɐ] | кӏэ | [t͡ʃʼɐ] | кӏэ | [t͡ʃʼɐ] | кӏьэ | [kʲʼɐ] |
young man, boy
| кӏалэ | [t͡ʃʼaːlɐ] | щӏалэ | [ɕʼaːɮɐ] | кӏалэ | [t͡ʃʼaːɮɐ] | кӏалэ | [t͡ʃʼaːlɐ] |
new
| кӏэ | [t͡ʃʼɐ] | щӏэ | [ɕʼɐ] | кӏэ | [t͡ʃʼɐ] | кӏэ | [t͡ʃʼɐ] |
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/KBD/kbd.html UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive - Recording Details for Kabardian Beslenei dialect]
{{authority control}}
Category:Ethnic groups in Russia