Bingöl

One of the historical names for the city, Bingöl literally means thousand lakes in Turkish; however, there are no lakes of considerable size within the boundaries of the province. The name rather refers to many tarns found around the city.{{cite web |title=Coğrafi Yapı |url=https://www.bintso.org.tr/Bing%C3%B6l/Co%C4%9FrafiYap%C4%B1/tabid/14989/Default.aspx |website=www.bintso.org.tr |access-date=17 October 2022}}{{cite book |title=Evliyâ Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi: III |pages=240–241 |url=https://archive.org/details/EvliyelebiSeyahatnmesiIII/page/n239/mode/2up |access-date=17 October 2022}}

Bingöl is located in what was historically the region of Sophene (first an independent kingdom and later an Armenian and Roman province).{{cite book|last1=Hakobyan|first1=Tadevos Kh.|url=http://nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=61&query=%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80|title=Հայաստանի և հարակից շրջանների տեղանունների բառարան [Dictionary of toponymy of Armenia and adjacent territories]|last2=Melik-Bakhshyan|first2=Stepan T.|last3=Barseghyan|first3=Hovhannes Kh.|date=1991|publisher=Yerevan State University Publishing House|volume=3|location=Yerevan|page=603|language=hy}} The settlement is mentioned by its Armenian name, Chapaghjur (meaning "spread out water" in Armenian), by the 11th-century Armenian historian Stepanos Asoghik, who mentions it while describing the 995 Balu earthquake. Chapaghjur is sometimes identified with the Roman fortress-town of Citharizum (Ktarich in Armenian).

In the Middle Ages, Bingöl was known as Romanoupolis ({{langx|el|Ῥωμανούπολις}}) after the Byzantine emperor Romanos I Lekapenos, who incorporated it into the Byzantine Empire in 942. It initially formed a subdivision of the thema of Mesopotamia, but it was later (c. 970) elevated into a separate theme.{{cite book|last=Oikonomides|first=Nicolas|author-link=Nicolas Oikonomides|title=Les Listes de Préséance Byzantines des IXe et Xe Siècles|location=Paris, France|publisher=Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique|year=1972|language=fr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RFdmAAAAMAAJ | page=359}}

{{Further|Emirate of Bingöl}}

Bingöl was ruled by the Suwaydid dynasty, a cadet branch of the Barmakids, from the 13th century until mid-Ottoman rule, autonomously from the Ottomans.{{cite book |last=Mahfuz |first=Söylemez M. |date=2010 |title=According to the Tahrir Register Dated 1550 Liva of Çapakçur |url=http://www.bingol.bel.tr/resimler/yayinlar/dosyalar/26.pdf#page=9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627192016/http://www.bingol.bel.tr/resimler/yayinlar/dosyalar/26.pdf |archive-date=27 June 2020 |url-status=dead |location=Bingöl |publisher=Bingöl Belediyesi Kültür Yayınlar |page=17 |isbn=978-975-6788-82-0 |oclc=1030056968}} Bingöl and the surrounding district had a large Armenian population prior to the Armenian genocide. Until the middle of the 20th century, the city was known as Çapakçur/Çabakçur, derived from its Armenian name.[https://www.academia.edu/10292763/Italian_City-states_and_Catholic_Missions_in_Mongolian_World_of_the_13th_and_14th_Centuries_Italsk%C3%A9_m%C4%9Bstsk%C3%A9_st%C3%A1ty_a_katolick%C3%A9_misie_v_mongolsk%C3%A9m_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B_13._a_14._stolet%C3%AD_ "Italian City-states and Catholic Missions in Mongolian World of the 13th and 14th Centuries"], ANTHROPOLOGIA INTEGRA Vol. 3, No. 2, 2012, p. 9; academia.edu[http://www.frmartuklu.org/konu/bing%C3%B6l-tarihi-bingol-ilinin-tarihcesi.30975/ Bingöl Tarihi], frmartuklu.org In 1944, the place was renamed Bingöl, meaning "thousand lakes" in Turkish.

Bingöl has been the site of several violent incidents of the Kurdish-Turkish conflict. On 23 October 2016, a car bombing targeting an armored police vehicle perpetrated by PKK militia members killed two police officers and injured 19 others.{{Cite web|title=Bingöl'de zırhlı polis aracına saldırı: 2 polis şehit, 5'i polis 19 yaralı|url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2016/gundem/son-dakika-haberi/bingolde-zirhli-polis-aracina-saldiri-2-polis-sehit-5i-polis-19-yarali-1464328/|access-date=2020-10-28|website=www.sozcu.com.tr|date=23 October 2016 |language=tr}} On 8 June 2018, a group of PKK militia members attacked a military station and killed one Turkish soldier while injuring three others.{{Cite web|last=DHA|title=Bingöl'de PKK pususu: 1 asker şehit, 3 asker yaralı|url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/bingolde-pkk-pususu-1-asker-sehit-3-asker-ya-40862322|access-date=2020-10-28|website=Hürriyet|date=8 June 2018 |language=tr}}

Bingöl is {{convert|144|km}} east of Elazığ and is situated in the high region of Eastern Anatolia. Bingöl is a mountainous area with heights reaching 3000 m, Bingöl city is at about 1120 m above sea level.{{Cite web|last=Aydan|first=Ö.|date=July 2003|title=THE BİNGÖL EARTHQUAKE OF MAY 1, 2003|url=https://www.jsce.or.jp/report/19/report/report200307.pdf|website=Tokai University, Department of Marine Civil Engineering|page=4}} The Gayt River (Gayt Çayı), a right-bank tributary of the Eastern Euphrates (Murat River), runs through the city.

Bingöl has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dsa, or Trewartha climate classification Dca), with hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters. The driest months are July and August and the wettest is February and December.

Highest recorded temperature:{{Convert|42.0|C|F|abbr=on}} on 26 July 2001
Lowest recorded temperature:{{Convert|-25.1|C|F|abbr=on}} on 27 February 1992{{Cite web |url=https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=BINGOL |title=İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=mgm.gov.tr |publisher=Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü.}}

{{Weather box

|width = auto

|metric first= Yes

|single line= Yes

|location= Bingöl (1991–2020, extremes 1961–2023) (Station height:1139, coordinates:{{coord|38|53|5|N|40|30|3|E}})

| Jan record high C = 13.8

| Feb record high C = 16.2

| Mar record high C = 22.3

| Apr record high C = 30.3

| May record high C = 33.9

| Jun record high C = 38.0

| Jul record high C = 42.0

| Aug record high C = 41.3

| Sep record high C = 38.1

| Oct record high C = 32.1

| Nov record high C = 25.5

| Dec record high C = 22.8

| year record high C = 42.0

| Jan high C = 2.4

| Feb high C = 4.1

| Mar high C = 10.2

| Apr high C = 16.9

| May high C = 23.1

| Jun high C = 29.8

| Jul high C = 34.7

| Aug high C = 35.1

| Sep high C = 29.9

| Oct high C = 22.0

| Nov high C = 12.7

| Dec high C = 5.2

| year high C = 18.8

| Jan mean C = -2.1

| Feb mean C = -0.8

| Mar mean C = 4.7

| Apr mean C = 10.9

| May mean C = 16.2

| Jun mean C = 22.2

| Jul mean C = 26.7

| Aug mean C = 26.7

| Sep mean C = 21.3

| Oct mean C = 14.5

| Nov mean C = 6.8

| Dec mean C = 0.7

| year mean C = 12.3

| Jan low C = -5.5

| Feb low C = -4.6

| Mar low C = 0.4

| Apr low C = 5.8

| May low C = 10.2

| Jun low C = 15.0

| Jul low C = 19.3

| Aug low C = 19.1

| Sep low C = 13.9

| Oct low C = 8.6

| Nov low C = 2.2

| Dec low C = -2.8

| year low C = 6.8

| Jan record low C = -23.2

| Feb record low C = -21.6

| Mar record low C = -20.3

| Apr record low C = -9.2

| May record low C = 1.0

| Jun record low C = 3.5

| Jul record low C = 8.8

| Aug record low C = 7.8

| Sep record low C = 4.2

| Oct record low C = -2.4

| Nov record low C = -15.0

| Dec record low C = -25.1

| year record low C = -25.1

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 138.7

| Feb precipitation mm = 128.9

| Mar precipitation mm = 134.4

| Apr precipitation mm = 110.5

| May precipitation mm = 82.5

| Jun precipitation mm = 21.3

| Jul precipitation mm = 6.6

| Aug precipitation mm = 5.1

| Sep precipitation mm = 15.4

| Oct precipitation mm = 65.3

| Nov precipitation mm = 93.1

| Dec precipitation mm = 133.3

| year precipitation mm = 935.1

| Jan precipitation days = 12.67

| Feb precipitation days = 12.2

| Mar precipitation days = 14.3

| Apr precipitation days = 14.83

| May precipitation days = 14.37

| Jun precipitation days = 5.37

| Jul precipitation days = 2

| Aug precipitation days = 1.5

| Sep precipitation days = 2.83

| Oct precipitation days = 8.47

| Nov precipitation days = 8.93

| Dec precipitation days = 12.57

| year precipitation days = 110

| Jan snow days =10.7

| Feb snow days =9.0

| Mar snow days =4.5

| Apr snow days =0.7

| May snow days =0.1

| Jun snow days =0

| Jul snow days =0

| Aug snow days =0

| Sep snow days =0

| Oct snow days =0.1

| Nov snow days =1.2

| Dec snow days =5.6

| year snow days =

| Jan humidity =72.8

| Feb humidity =71.1

| Mar humidity =65.5

| Apr humidity =60.9

| May humidity =57.1

| Jun humidity =44.3

| Jul humidity =37.2

| Aug humidity =35.9

| Sep humidity =41.4

| Oct humidity =56.4

| Nov humidity =65

| Dec humidity =73.2

| year humidity =

| Jan sun = 105.4

| Feb sun = 124.3

| Mar sun = 148.8

| Apr sun = 165.0

| May sun = 213.9

| Jun sun = 270.0

| Jul sun = 285.2

| Aug sun = 275.9

| Sep sun = 240.0

| Oct sun = 189.1

| Nov sun = 135.0

| Dec sun = 102.3

| year sun =

| Jand sun = 3.4

| Febd sun = 4.4

| Mard sun = 4.8

| Aprd sun = 5.5

| Mayd sun = 6.9

| Jund sun = 9.0

| Juld sun = 9.2

| Augd sun = 8.9

| Sepd sun = 8.0

| Octd sun = 6.1

| Novd sun = 4.5

| Decd sun = 3.3

| yeard sun = 6.2

| source 1 = Turkish State Meteorological Service

{{cite web

| url = https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=H&m=BINGOL

| title = Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)

| publisher = Turkish State Meteorological Service

| language = tr

| access-date = 27 June 2021}}

|source 2 = NOAA NCEI (humidity),{{Cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Turkiye/CSV/Bingol_17203.csv |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Bingol |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration |no-pp=y |format=CSV |quote=WMO Station number: 17203}} Meteomanz(snowy days 2000-2024){{Cite web|url=http://www.meteomanz.com/sy3?l=1&cou=6290&ind=17203&m1=01&y1=2000&m2=12&y2=2024 |title=Bingöl weather data by months |access-date= 15 March 2025 |website= Meteomanz}}

|date= March 2011

}}

On 1 May 2003, the whole area suffered from a magnitude 6.4 earthquake, leaving 176 dead and 520 injured.{{Cite web|last=Aydan|first=Ö.|date=July 2003|title=THE BİNGÖL EARTHQUAKE OF MAY 1, 2003|url=https://www.jsce.or.jp/report/19/report/report200307.pdf|website=Tokai University, Department of Marine Civil Engineering|page=1}} On 8 March 2010, the area suffered another earthquake, of magnitude 5.9, with its epicenter in Elazığ Province, {{convert|45|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of Bingöl. On 14 June 2020, a relatively small earthquake occurred in the region, killing a village guard and injuring 21 others.{{Cite web|date=15 June 2020|title=Bingöl'de deprem: Bir güvenlik görevlisi hayatını kaybetti|url=https://tr.euronews.com/2020/06/15/bingol-de-meydana-gelen-depremde-bir-guvenlik-gorevlisi-hayatini-kaybetti|access-date=2020-10-21|website=euronews|language=tr}}

In 1891, the kaza had 20,800 inhabitants: 16,465 Muslims and 4,385 Armenians.{{Cite web |title=Kaza Chapaghjur – Ճապաղջուր |url=https://virtual-genocide-memorial.de/region/the-six-provinces/bitlis-vilayet/sancak-genc/kaza-chapaghjur-%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80/ |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=Virtual Genocide Memorial |language=en-US}}

{{Historical populations

|align = none

|percentages = pagr

|cols=2

|source = Population censuses (1965–1997){{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015227.pdf | title = 1965 General Census | date = 1965 | publisher = Turkish Statistical Institute | language = Turkish | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220531152603/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015227.pdf | archive-date = 31 May 2022 | url-status = live }}{{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015363.pdf | title = 1970 General Census | date = 1970 | publisher = Turkish Statistical Institute | language = Turkish | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220810121207/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015363.pdf | archive-date = 10 August 2022 | url-status = live }}{{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015628.pdf | title = 1975 General Census | date = 1975 | publisher = Turkish Statistical Institute | language = Turkish | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220810123238/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015628.pdf | archive-date = 10 August 2022 | url-status = live }}{{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015840.pdf | title = 1980 General Census | date = 1980 | publisher = Turkish Statistical Institute | language = Turkish | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220617101828/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015840.pdf | archive-date = 17 June 2022 | url-status = live }}{{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0013062.pdf | title = 1985 General Census | date = 1986 | publisher = Turkish Statistical Institute | language = Turkish | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210522110755/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0013062.pdf | archive-date = 22 May 2021 | url-status = live }}{{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0013349.pdf | title = 1990 General Census | date = 1991 | publisher = Turkish Statistical Institute | language = Turkish | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210831205734/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0013349.pdf | archive-date = 31 August 2021 | url-status = live }}{{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0014235.pdf | title = 1997 Population Count | date = 1999 | publisher = Turkish Statistical Institute | language = Turkish | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221030113057/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0014235.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2022 | url-status = live }} and TÜIK (2007–2022){{cite web|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |title=Population Of Municipalities, Villages And Quarters|publisher=TÜIK |access-date=24 March 2023}}

|1965|11727

|1970|17220

|1975|22047

|1980|28146

|1985|34024

|1990|41590

|1997|67022

|2007|86511

|2012|98424

|2017|117014

|2022|133423

}}

File:Bingöl Airport.jpg

Bingöl Airport opened on 12 July 2013. It has a passenger capacity of 500,000 a year.

Bingöl University opened on 29 May 2007.[http://www.bingol.edu.tr/universitemiz/tarihcemiz.aspx Bingöl University] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611191135/http://www.bingol.edu.tr/universitemiz/tarihcemiz.aspx |date=11 June 2015 }} The university has nine faculties, six vocational schools and five institutes.

• 1977–1979 Hikmet Tekin (MHP)
• 1979–1980 Hilmi Elçi (Independent)
• 1984–1989 Mehmet Sıddık Börü (ANAP)
• 1989–1994 Selahattin Kaya (SHP)
• 1994–1995 Selahattin Aydar (Refah Party)
• 1995–1999 Bedri Tuğ (Refah Party, Fazilet Party)
• 1999–2004 Feyzullah Karaaslan (HADEP, DEHAP)
• 2004–2009 Hacı Ketenalp (AK Party)
• 2009–2014 Serdar Atalay (AK Party)
• 2014–2019 Yücel Barakazi (AK Party)
• 2019–present Erdal Arıkan (AK Party)

• Alişan
• Abdullah Kiğılı
• Mahsun Kırmızıgül
• Servet Kocakaya
• Ali Sürmeli
• Mahmut Yıldırım

{{Reflist}}

{{Bingöl District}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bingol}}

Category:Former Armenian communities in Bingöl Province

Category:Kurdish settlements in Bingöl Province

Category:Populated places in Bingöl District

Category:Provincial municipalities in Turkey