Bolinao language

{{short description|Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Bolinao

| nativename = Binu-Bolinao

| states = Philippines

| region = Bolinao and Anda, Pangasinan

| ethnicity = Bolinao people

| speakers = {{sigfig|51200|2}}

| date = 2007 census

| ref = e18

| familycolor = Austronesian

| fam2 = Malayo-Polynesian

| fam3 = Philippine

| fam4 = Central Luzon

| fam5 = Sambalic

| agency = Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino

| iso3 = smk

| glotto = boli1256

| glottorefname = Bolinao

| script = Latin (Filipino alphabet)
Historically Baybayin

| notice = IPA

| altname = Bino-Bolinao, Binubolinao, Binubulinao, Boliano, Bolinao Sambal, Bolinao Zambal, Bulinaw, Sambal Bolinao

}}

The Bolinao language or Binubolinao is a Central Luzon language spoken primarily in the municipalities of Bolinao and Anda, Pangasinan in the Philippines. It has approximately 50,000 speakers,Ethnologue (1990) making it the second most widely spoken Sambalic language. Most Bolinao speakers can speak Pangasinan and/or Ilocano. Ethnologue reports 510 monolinguals for this language.https://www.ethnologue.com/language/smk {{Subscription required}}

Phonology

Bolinao has 21 phonemes: 16 consonants and five vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel.

=Vowels=

Bolinao has five vowels. They are:

{{IPA|/a/}} an open front unrounded vowel similar to English father
{{IPA|/ə/}} (written as {{angbr|e}}) a mid central vowel pronounced as in English telephone
{{IPA|/i/}} a close front unrounded vowel similar to English machine
{{IPA|/o/}} a close-mid back rounded vowel similar to English forty
{{IPA|/u/}} a close back rounded vowel similar to English flute

There are six main diphthongs: {{IPA|/aɪ/}}, {{IPA|/əɪ/}}, {{IPA|/oɪ/}}, {{IPA|/uɪ/}}, {{IPA|/aʊ/}}, and {{IPA|/iʊ/}}.

=Consonants=

Below is a chart of Bolinao consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word.

class="wikitable" \|+Bolinao consonants
colspan=2\| !Bilabial !Dental !Palatal !Velar !Glottal
colspan=2 \| Nasal \|m \|n \|(ny) {{IPA\|/ɲ/}} \|ng {{IPA\|/ŋ/}} \|
rowspan=2 \| Plosive !Voiceless \|p \|t \| \|k \| ’ {{IPA\|/ʔ/}}
Voiced \|b \|d \| \|g \|
rowspan=2 \| Affricate !Voiceless \| \|(ts) \|(ty) {{IPA\|/tʃ/}} \| \|
Voiced \| \| \|(dy) {{IPA\|/dʒ/}} \| \|
colspan=2 \| Fricative \| \|s \|(sy) {{IPA\|/ʃ/}} \| \|h
colspan=2 \| Flap \| \|ɾ \| \| \|
colspan=2 \| Approximant \| \| \|j \|w \|
colspan=2 \| Lateral \| \|l \|(ly) {{IPA\|/ʎ/}} \| \|

class="wikitable"

|+Bolinao consonants

colspan=2|

colspan=2 | Nasal

|(ny) {{IPA|/ɲ/}}

|ng {{IPA|/ŋ/}}

rowspan=2 | Plosive

!Voiceless

| ’ {{IPA|/ʔ/}}

Voiced

rowspan=2 | Affricate

!Voiceless

|(ts)

|(ty) {{IPA|/tʃ/}}

Voiced

|(dy) {{IPA|/dʒ/}}

colspan=2 | Fricative

|(sy) {{IPA|/ʃ/}}

colspan=2 | Flap

|ɾ

colspan=2 | Approximant

colspan=2 | Lateral

|(ly) {{IPA|/ʎ/}}

Language comparison

A common proverb{{Cite web |title=National Philippine Proverb in Various Philippine Languages |url=https://iloko.tripod.com/philproverb.html |website=Carl Rubino's Homepage}} from Filipino hero Jose Rizal in English, "He who does not acknowledge his beginnings will not reach his destination," is translated into Bolinao, followed by the provincial language Pangasinan, the regional language Ilocano, and the original in Tagalog for comparison:

class="wikitable"
Bolinao	{{Lang\|smk\|Si'ya a kai tanda' nin lumingap sa pinangibwatan na, kai ya makarate' sa keen na.}}
Pangasinan	{{Lang\|pag\|Say toon agga onlingao ed pinanlapuan to, agga makasabi'd laen to.}}
Ilocano	{{Lang\|ilo\|Ti tao nga saan na ammo tumaliaw iti naggapuanna ket saan nga makadanon iti papananna.}}
Tagalog	{{Lang\|tl\|Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan.}}

References

{{reflist}}Persons, Gary. (1978). Bolinao: A Preliminary Phonemic Statement. Summer Institute of Linguistics.

External links

[http://www.binubolinao.com/ Binubolinao.com], website dedicated to the preservation of the Bolinao language.
[http://bolinao.webonary.org/ bolinao.webonary.org], an online Binubolinao or Bolinao dictionary.

Category:Sambalic languages

Category:Languages of Pangasinan