Bolt (cloth)#Unit

{{Other uses|Bolt (disambiguation){{!}}Bolt}}

A bolt is a piece of cloth woven on a loom or created by a knitting machine,{{sfn|Tortora|Johnson|Merkel|2013|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=LTYfAQAAQBAJ&q=textile+machine+efficiency+and+length+of+fabric&pg=PA206 206]}}{{sfn|Stern|1937|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=xBjuAAAAMAAJ&q=loom++fabric+rolls&pg=PA20 20]}}{{sfn|Ray|2012|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=zkf7CAAAQBAJ&q=knitting+machine+take+down+rollers&pg=PA81 81]}}{{sfn|Wong|2017|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=J4iZDgAAQBAJ&q=fabric+roll+inspection&pg=PA3 3]}}{{sfn|Ahmad|Rasheed|Afzal|Ahmad|2017|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jD0PEAAAQBAJ&q=fabric+roll+inspection&pg=PA214 214]}}{{sfn|Sarkar|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=aYBZDwAAQBAJ&q=fabric+roll+inspection&pg=PA160 160]}}{{sfn|Diagram Group|2008 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=rhzR1EkSV4AC&dq=bolt+wallpaper&pg=PA361 361]}} as it is processed, stored and/or marketed. Consequently, its dimensions are highly variable{{snd}}flexible and dependent upon the manufacturing, machinery, quantity, size, thickness and quality of the product.{{cite web |title=How Many Yards On a Bolt of Fabric? (Fabric Bolt Dimensions) |url= https://sewingiscool.com/how-many-yards-on-a-bolt-of-fabric/ |website=sewingiscool.com |date=September 21, 2020 |quote=Typically, a bolt of fabric contains anywhere between 30 and 100 yards of fabric. However, a lot also depends on the type [and thickness] of fabric in question. For example, a bolt of the canvas is generally 39 yards. Widths may include: 35–36 inches (890–910 mm) [up to] ... 108 inches (2,700 mm) |access-date=December 23, 2020}} It is a unit used in manufacturing, transport and inventory. It is also used as a descriptor for wallpaper, which uses different fabrication machinery.{{efn-ua|Wallpaper is not necessarily fabric. It uses different fabrication machinery.{{sfn|Nielson|2007|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1wRk1gaOK0QC&dq=bolt+wallpaper&pg=PA174 174]}} Wallpaper is packaged in single, double or triple bolts or rolls. Lengths and widths vary depending on the manufacturer and product. There are two competing systems: American and Euro (Metric). The former contains about 25% more than the latter. Each bolt contains a label that indicates the dye lot, pattern number or run number.{{sfn|Nielson|2007|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1wRk1gaOK0QC&dq=bolt+wallpaper&pg=PA174 174]}}}} Being encompassing, it is by its nature a generic and ambiguous term of convenience and context, used to describe fabric and wallpaper.{{sfn|Nielson|2007|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1wRk1gaOK0QC&dq=bolt+wallpaper&pg=PA174 174]}}[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bolt Bolt] Merriam Webster Dictionary.

In modern production

Textile manufacturing is about converting fiber into yarn, yarn into fabric, and finally, the fabric into clothing and other useful products. At every stage, production activity is managed by unique batches. When it comes to fabric, a set of bolts or rolls forms a batch,{{Cite book|last=Rutnagur|first=Sorabji M.|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=m8ZOAAAAYAAJ&q=textile+batch+is+set+of+bolts|title=The Indian Textile Journal|date=2005|publisher=Business Press|page=96}} representing the production.batch production is used in the textiles and clothing industry for producing fixed quantities of identical products, either for stock or order. For example, a designer-maker might make a batch.

Textiles Technology

Lesley Cresswell · 2004

[https://books.google.com/books?id=SmebK2GzU-cC]

= Manufacturing =

The yarn is processed by knitting or weaving, which turns the yarn into cloth. The machine used for weaving is the loom. and knitting is another method of cloth manufacturing.

Bolts{{efn-ua|Encarta opines that in textiles, it means "a rolled length of woven goods or wallpaper."{{cite book |page=197 |title=Encarta World English Dictionary|publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |date=1999}} Bolt has been defined as “A bolt of cloth is a long wide piece of it that is wound into a roll round a piece of cardboard.”{{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/bolt |chapter=Bolt |title=Collins Dictionary |edition=11th Complete & Unabridged}} Bolt "in the sense of bale" is a noun. E.g., "bolts of black silk" with synonyms that include: amount, bale, packet, quantity, reel, and roll.{{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english-thesaurus/bolt#bolt__1 |chapter=Bolt |title=Collins Thesaurus}} The foregoing list only scratches the surface of synonyms for Bolt as it relates to fabrics.{{cite book |chapter-url=https://ht.ac.uk/category/?type=search&qsearch=bolt&page=1#id=51562 |chapter=Bolt |edition=2nd |title=Historical Thesaurus of English |date=2009 |isbn=9780199208999 |oclc=18409912 |publisher=University of Glasgow}}}}are the rolls of cloth manufactured by a loom or knitting machine, which moves through subsequent processes of textile finishing.

== Loom ==

Looms are equipped with devices that can measure the length of the bolt during manufacturing on the machine itself.{{Cite journal |last1=Gubin |first1=V. V. |last2=Makarov |first2=A. A. |date=May 1, 2012 |title=Device for measuring the length of a bolt of cloth woven on a loom |url= https://doi.org/10.1007/s10692-012-9398-4 |journal=Fibre Chemistry |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=59–60 |doi=10.1007/s10692-012-9398-4|s2cid=135637049 |issn=1573-8493}}

= Packing and trading =

Cloth merchant were marking the end of bolts with notations.{{Cite book|last=Zhao|first=Gang|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dunbAAAAMAAJ&q=bolts+of+cloth++from+loom|title=The Development of Cotton Textile Production in China|date=1977|publisher=East Asian Research Center, Harvard University |isbn=9780674200210 |page=62}} This practice is continued in the industry to avoid mixing.

= Garment manufacturing =

After fabric inspection, the bolts are layered manually or fabric-spreading machines for relaxing and cutting with patterns.Large bolts of fabric are loaded on a moveable frame called a spreader . ... can create problems during spreading and must be left to relax overnight to assure accurate pattern size after cutting .

Manufacturing Technology

John R. Lindbeck, Molly W. Williams, Robert M. Wygant · 1990

[https://books.google.com/books?id=IKbqchamUTsC&q=After+fabric+inspection,+the+bolts+are+layered+with+fabric+spreading+machines+for+relaxing+and+cutting+with+markers Page 219]{{Cite book |last=Albrecht |first=Wilhelm |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pvQwXBi3HwMC |title=Nonwoven Fabrics: Raw Materials, Manufacture, Applications, Characteristics, Testing Processes|last2=Fuchs|first2=Hilmar|last3=Kittelmann|first3=Walter |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527605316 |page=471}}

For more information, see Pattern; Ready-made garment

Unit

The length of a bolt varied according to the type of material measured.{{sfn|Rowlett|2001|page=[https://web.archive.org/web/20161220235945/http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/dictB.html]}} The length is usually either {{convert|40|or|100|yards}}, but varies depending on the fabric being referred to; for example, a bolt of canvas is traditionally {{convert|39|yards}}.

The width of a bolt is usually {{convert|45|or|60|in|cm}},{{cite web |url= http://shopping.reference.com/how-wide-is-a-bolt-of-fabric |title=How Wide Is a Bolt of Fabric? |publisher=Reference.com |access-date=June 9, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131123204006/http://shopping.reference.com/how-wide-is-a-bolt-of-fabric |archive-date=November 23, 2013}} but widths may include {{convert|35-36|in|cm}}, {{convert|39|in|cm}}, {{convert|41|in|cm}}, {{convert|44-45|in|cm}}, {{convert|50|in|cm}}, {{convert|52-54|in|cm}}, {{convert|58-60|in|cm}} and {{convert|66|in|cm}}, {{convert|72|in|cm}}, {{convert|96|in|cm}}, and {{convert|108|in|cm}}. For more on breadths of bolts, see narrow cloth.

The word has been long-lived. For example, Herman Melville used it casually in Moby-Dick.{{cite book| last=Melville| first=Herman| year = 1851| title=Moby-Dick; or, The Whale| edition = 1st US| chapter=All Astir| quote=Not only were the old sails being mended, but new sails were coming on board, and bolts of canvas, and coils of rigging; in short, everything betokened that the ship's preparations were hurrying to a close.}} It is also the standard linear measurement of canvas for use at sea: {{convert|39|yard}}.24 March 1774, Stamford Mercury - "Mr. Cole, Basket-maker...has lost near 300 boults of rods" https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000254/17740324/001/0001 {{subscription}}

References

=Notes=

=Citations=

=Bibliography=

{{Cite book|last1=Ahmad|first1=Sheraz|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jD0PEAAAQBAJ&q=fabric+roll+inspection&pg=PA214|title=Advanced Textile Testing Techniques|last2=Rasheed|first2=Abher|last3=Afzal|first3=Ali|last4=Ahmad|first4=Faheem |date=2017 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781498784719 |location=Boca Raton, Florida |page=214}}
{{Cite book|last=Christie|first=R. M.|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=C-2iAgAAQBAJ&q=grey+fabric+batch+making&pg=PA83 |title=Environmental Aspects of Textile Dyeing |date=2007 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9781845693091 |location=Cambridge Boca Raton, Florida |page=83}}
{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rhzR1EkSV4AC&dq=bolt+wallpaper&pg=PA361 |page=361 |title=The Dictionary of Unfamiliar Words: Over 10,000 Common and Confusing Words Explained |isbn=9781602393394 |date=2008 |type=Paperback |publisher=Skyhorse |editor=Diagram Group |quote=A measure of length, usually for fabric. A bolt of wallpaper equals 16 yd and a bolt of fabric equals 40 yd.}}
{{Cite book|last=Harder|first=Frances|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MoGlCUnIXT4C&q=fabric+checking&pg=PA110|title=Fashion for Profit: A Professional's Complete Guide to Designing, Manufacturing, & Marketing a Successful Line|date=2004|publisher=Frances Harder |isbn=9780972776318 |page=110}}
{{Cite book|last1=Lee|first1=Jaeil|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ofsqAwAAQBAJ&q=linear+meter+of+cloth+depends&pg=PA135|title=Technical Sourcebook for Designers|last2=Steen|first2=Camille |date=2014 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=9781609018566 |page=135}}
{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1wRk1gaOK0QC&dq=bolt+wallpaper&pg=PA174 |title=Interior Textiles: Fabrics, Application, and Historic Style |first=Karla J. |last=Nielson |location=Hoboken, New Jersey |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9780471606406 |date=2007 |page=174}}
{{Cite book|last=Purushothama|first=B.|location=Havertown|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SWmoDwAAQBAJ&q=grey+fabric+batch+making&pg=PA274|title=Handbook on Fabric Manufacturing: Grey Fabrics: Preparation, Weaving to Marketing |date=2016 |publisher=Woodhead Publishing India |isbn=9789385059711 |page=274}}
{{Cite book|last=Ray|first=Sadhan C.|location=New Delhi, India|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zkf7CAAAQBAJ&q=knitting+machine+take+down+rollers&pg=PA81|title=Fundamentals and Advances in Knitting Technology|date=2012 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9789380308654 |page=81}}
{{cite web |last=Rowlett |first=Russ |title=How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement|date=May 31, 2001|url= http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/dictB.html#bolt|publisher=University of North Carolina|access-date=December 20, 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161220235945/http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/dictB.html|archive-date=20 December 2016 |url-status=dead |quote=a commercial unit of length or area used to measure finished cloth. Generally speaking, one bolt represents a strip of cloth 100 yards (91.44 meters) long, but the width varies according to the fabric. Cotton bolts are traditionally 42 inches (1.067 meters) wide and wool bolts are usually 60 inches (1.524 meters) wide. Thus a bolt of cotton is 116.667 square yards (97.566 m2) and a bolt of wool is 166.667 square yards (139.355 m2).}}
{{Cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Prasanta|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=aYBZDwAAQBAJ&q=fabric+roll+inspection&pg=PA160|title=Garment Manufacturing: Processes, Practices and Technology|publisher=Online Clothing Study |isbn=9789383701759 |page=160}}
{{Cite book|last=Stern|first=Boris|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=xBjuAAAAMAAJ&q=loom++fabric+rolls&pg=PA20|title=Mechanical Changes in the Cotton-textile Industry, 1910 to 1936|date=1937|publisher=Works Progress Administration}}
{{Cite book|last1=Tortora|first1=Phyllis G.|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LTYfAQAAQBAJ&q=textile+machine+efficiency+and+length+of+fabric&pg=PA206|last2=Johnson|first2=Ingrid|first3=Robert S. |last3=Merkel |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles |location=New York |isbn=9781609015350 |page=206 |date=2013 |edition=8th |publisher=A&C Black; Fairchild Books, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Inc.}}
{{cite book |url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780857091345/industrial-cutting-of-textile-materials |series=Textiles |last=Viļumsone-Nemes |first=I. |isbn=9780857091345 |publisher=Woodhead Publishing |edition=Imprint |date=2012 |title=Industrial Cutting of Textile Materials |location=Kent}}
{{Cite book|last=Wong|first=Calvin|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=J4iZDgAAQBAJ&q=fabric+roll+inspection&pg=PA3|title=Applications of Computer Vision in Fashion and Textiles|date=2017|publisher=Woodhead Publishing |isbn=9780081012185|location=Kent|page=3}}