C. A. Parsons and Company

{{Infobox company

| name = C. A. Parsons and Company

| logo = C.A. Parsons logo.jpg

| logo_size = 300px

| type = Public

| caption =

| fate = Acquired

| successor = Siemens Energy

| foundation = {{start date|1889}}

| founder = Charles Algernon Parsons

| defunct = {{end date|1997}}

| hq_location_city = Newcastle upon Tyne

| hq_location_country = England

| industry = Engineering

| key_people = {{ubl|Rachel Mary Parsons|Claude Gibb}}

| products = Power generation equipment

| num_employees = 7000

| num_employees_year = 1960s

| parent =

| subsid =

}}

C. A. Parsons and Company was a British engineering firm which was once one of the largest employers on Tyneside. The company became Reyrolle Parsons in 1968, merged with Clarke Chapman to form Northern Engineering Industries in 1977, and became part of Rolls-Royce in 1989. Today the company is part of Siemens Energy.

History

File:Dungenesspowerstationlit.jpg uses Parsons steam turbines]]

The company was founded by Charles Algernon Parsons in 1889 to produce steam turbines, his own invention.{{cite web

| url = http://www.birrcastle.com/inventionsAndExperiments.asp

| title = Chronology of Charles Parsons

| publisher = Birr Castle Demesne

| url-status = dead

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081225130458/http://www.birrcastle.com/inventionsAndExperiments.asp

| archive-date = 25 December 2008

| df = dmy-all

}} At the beginning of the 20th century, the company was producing up to 50 turbines a year at its factory in Heaton in Newcastle upon Tyne.

Charles Algernon Parsons' son Algernon George "Tommy" Parsons joined the company as a director, but when he was called up for military service in the First World War, he was replaced by his sister, Rachel Mary Parsons, who was one of the first women to study engineering at University of Cambridge. During the First World War, the Parsons’ Works on Shields Road employed a large number of women on the factory floor.{{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/twm_news/albums/72157653127863730|title=Parsons’ ‘Women Labourers’ photograph album, taken at Parsons’ Works on Shields Road during the First World War.|website=Tyne and Wear Museums and Archives}} Following her brother's death during the war, Rachel Parsons did not resume her role as a director of the Heaton Works.{{cite web|last1=Raphael|first1=E. L.|title=Rachel Parsons 1885–1956, woman engineer|url=http://www.rachelparsons.co.uk/?page=life|access-date=30 January 2015|archive-date=19 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619144725/http://www.rachelparsons.co.uk/?page=life|url-status=dead}}

Sir Claude Gibb joined the company in the 1920s and became the company's chairman and managing director by the 1940s.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47606090 |title=Fitter Who Became Managing Director |newspaper=The Advertiser (Adelaide) |volume=97 |issue=29,938 |location=South Australia |date=27 September 1954 |accessdate=21 May 2018 |page=11 |via=National Library of Australia}} During the Second World War the company assisted with the war effort to equip troops.{{cite news |last1=Warburton |first1=Dan |title=Focus on the famous Parsons factory in Heaton |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/focus-famous-parsons-factory-heaton-1453095 |access-date=6 February 2022 |work=ChronicleLive |date=19 April 2009 |language=en}} Between 1945 and 1960 the company grew in size three-fold and large parts of the company's works at Heaton, Walkergate and Longbenton Works were rebuilt and expanded. In 1951 the original 1889 workshop was demolished and replaced with a six-storey office block. The company's heyday was in the 1960s, when the factory employed more than 7,000 people at its {{convert|100|acre}} site.

Parsons also patented and made novel searchlight mirrors between 1894 and 1923.{{cite web

|url = {{google books|id=BeMjgxsifcQC|page=490|keywords=ellipsoidal hyperbolic|plainurl=yes}}

|title = From Galaxies to Turbines: Science, Technology and the Parsons Family

|first = W.G.S

|last = Scaife

|date = 1 Jan 1999

|work = CRC Press

|access-date = 30 March 2016

}}

Nuclear power stations using Parsons steam turbines include Bradwell, Calder Hall, Dungeness, Heysham 2 and Oldbury in England{{Cite web |url=http://www.industcards.com/nuclear-uk.htm |title=Nuclear Power Plants in the UK – England |access-date=16 March 2008 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090719150823/http://www.industcards.com/nuclear%2Duk.htm |archive-date=19 July 2009 |url-status=usurped }} and Chapelcross and Hunterston in Scotland.{{Cite web |url=http://www.industcards.com/nuclear-uk-sc-wl.htm |title=Nuclear Power Plants in the UK – Scotland |access-date=16 March 2008 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090719124719/http://www.industcards.com/nuclear%2Duk%2Dsc%2Dwl.htm |archive-date=19 July 2009 |url-status=usurped }}

Parsons took over the turbine and generator factories in Erith and Witton of the General Electric Company in the 1960s.{{cite web |title=GEC: Electricity Generation and Transmission |url=https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/GEC:_Electricity_Generation_and_Transmission |website=Graces Guide |access-date=4 January 2023}} The company merged with A. Reyrolle & Company to form Reyrolle Parsons in 1968.[http://www.nzrcranes.org/manufact.html NZR Cranes] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174719/http://www.nzrcranes.org/manufact.html |date=3 March 2016 }}

Following the appointment of James Woodeson as chairman in 1974,{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LagiAQAAMAAJ |title= NEI names McDonald to succeed Woodeson as new chairman|publisher=The Electrical Review|volume=206|page=5|year=1979}} Reyrolle Parsons merged with Clarke Chapman to form Northern Engineering Industries in 1977. Northern Engineering Industries was acquired by Rolls-Royce in 1989.

The company survives today as part of Siemens Energy after Siemens acquired the business from Rolls-Royce in 1997.{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/aug/29/northerner.davidward | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=David | last=Ward | title=Violence mars Leeds Festival | date=29 August 2002}} The Heaton Works site was renamed as the CA Parsons Works in honour of its founder. In the 2000s the operations at the Heaton works were severely cut to focus mainly on the servicing side of the business, concentrating manufacturing operations at the company's factories in Mülheim and Budapest.

Preserved turbines

Parsons turbines are on display in several museums in the UK, and across the world. These include the Discovery Museum in Newcastle, the Science Museum in London, and the Electric Power and Historical Museum, in Yokohama, Japan.{{cite web

|url = http://icnewcastle.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/0100local/page.cfm?objectid=12925837&method=full&siteid=50081&headline=Generating%20a%20big%20demand

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120324201333/http://icnewcastle.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/0100local/page.cfm?objectid=12925837&method=full&siteid=50081&headline=Generating%20a%20big%20demand

|url-status = dead

|archive-date = 24 March 2012

|title = Generating a big demand

|first = Peter

|last = Young

|date = 6 May 2003

|work = Evening Chronicle

|access-date = 13 September 2011

}}