Canillo

{{Infobox settlement

|name = Canillo

|image_skyline = Canillo. Andorra 12.jpg

|image_caption = Plaça de Sant Serni and Carrer Major of Canillo.

|image_flag = Flag of Canillo.svg

|image_shield = Escut de Canillo.svg

|shield_size = 80px

|image_map =

|mapsize = 100px

|pushpin_map = Andorra

|pushpin_image = Canillo in Andorra.svg

|pushpin_label_position =

|pushpin_map_caption = Location of Canillo town within Andorra

|pushpin_mapsize =

|map_caption = Position of Canillo parish in Andorra

|subdivision_type = Country

|subdivision_type1 = Parishes

|subdivision_type2 = Villages

|subdivision_name = Andorra

|subdivision_name1 = Canillo

|subdivision_name2 = Bordes d'Envalira, El Forn, El Tarter,
El Vilar, Els Plans, Incles, L'Aldosa, Meritxell, Molleres, Prats, Ransol, Sant Pere, Soldeu

|leader_title = Mayor

|leader_name = Enric Casadevall Medrano

|leader_party = L'A

|area_magnitude =

|area_total_km2 = 121

|area_land_km2 =

|area_water_km2 =

|population_as_of = 2011

|population_note =

|population_total = 4826

|population_metro =

|population_density_km2 = 42.12

|population_demonym = canillenc, canillenca

|timezone =

|utc_offset =

|timezone_DST =

|utc_offset_DST =

|coordinates = {{coord|42|34|00|N|1|36|00|E|region:AD|display=inline,title}}

|coor_pinpoint = Canillo town

|elevation_m = 1526

|elevation_max_m =

|elevation_min_m =

|postal_code = AD100

|website = [http://www.vdc.ad Official Tourism Office of Canillo]

|footnotes =

}}

Canillo ({{IPA|ca|kaˈniʎo}}) is one of the seven parishes which make up Andorra. Canillo is also the name of the main town of the parish. The parish is considered the religious center of Andorra with the Sanctuary and Chapel of Our Lady of Meritxell, patron saint of Andorra, and contains one of the best-preserved romanesque churches in the Pyrenees, Sant Joan de Caselles. It has a population of 4,826 as of 2011. Despite having a tourist vocation, the parish of Canillo still retains many livestock and agricultural traits. It borders France to the north and east.

History

File:Esglèsia de Sant Joan de Caselles, Andorra.jpg

File:Sant Serní de Canillo. Andorra 17.jpg

The etymological origin of the name of the parish Canillo and its capital is pre-Roman, Iberian or Celtic. It is documented for the first time in the Acta de Consagració i Dotació de la Catedral de la Seu d'Urgell (Deed of Consecration and Endowment of the Cathedral of La Seu d'Urgell), during the 9th century, as Kanillave or Sant Serni de Kanillave. Later on it was referred to as Canilau as it appears in a document from 1176.{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcami.cat/pobles/canillo|title=Població Canillo del camí|website=www.elcami.cat}}

In Prats is located the sanctuary of Roc de les Bruixes, a set of rock-engraved ritual themes dating from the Bronze Age and the Iberian era, to the Early Middle Ages. Originally it was a sacred place from where the Iberians extracted stone powder to make ointments.{{Cite web|url=https://forum.ad/el-roc-de-les-bruixes-era-un-lloc-sagrat-don-els-ibers-extreien-pols-de-pedra-per-fer-unguents/|title=El Roc de les Bruixes era un lloc sagrat d'on els ibers extreien pols de pedra per fer ungüents|date=May 3, 2018}} Late Gothic remains such as the necropolis of Sant Joan de Caselles or the one aside Sant Serni de Canillo in the late 7th and 8th century provide proof of the early Christianity in Andorra.{{Cite web|url=https://www.bondia.ad/cultura/troballes-que-aporten-mes-llum-la-historia-de-canillo|title=Troballes que aporten més llum a la història de Canillo|website=BonDia Diari digital d'Andorra.}}[http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/65707/1/TFG%20Marina%20Camp%C3%A0s.pdf La necròpolis medieval de Sant Joan de Caselles (Canillo, Andorra) Estudi de la tomba 3, individu 90] ub.edu

The parish maintains its traditional character from the Medieval Period including old mills and traditional mountain houses. Such as the flour mill of the Peano, a sample of the old sources of wealth of the country, and the buildings that can be found in the old quarter of the capital, such as Ca Armany, Cal Fluix or Cal Ferrer Nou, as well as the old quarter of Soldeu or Incles.{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcami.cat/camipedia/patrimoni-arquitectonic-de-canillo|title=Contingut camipèdia - Patrimoni arquitectònic de Canillo|website=www.elcami.cat}}

The church of Sant Joan de Caselles, Romanesque building from the end of the 11th century, is perhaps one of the most emblematic churches of the Principality. Inside the temple there is a Romanesque stucco Majesty on a mural painting (12th century) and a Gothic altarpiece from the 16th century with German and Italian influences.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cataloniasacra.cat/llocs/esglesia-de-sant-joan-de-caselles/602/l_ca|title=Església de Sant Joan de Caselles - Catalonia Sacra|first=Tuatara Aplicacions TIC-|last=Micropoint|website=www.cataloniasacra.cat}} The other churches in Canillo include the parish church of Sant Serni located in the old town of Canillo, original from the 12th century with the structure and interior elements of Baroque style (17th-18th centuries), the church of Sant Miquel de Prats (12th-13th centuries) and the church of Santa Creu de Canillo (1781) located in Canillo at the river bank of the Valira river.{{Cite web|url=http://www.diariandorra.ad/noticies/cultura/2009/11/18/una_tomba_llosa_confirmaria_39_origen_medieval_sant_serni_canillo_24905_1127.html|title=Una tomba de llosa confirmaria l'origen medieval de Sant|date=November 18, 2009|website=DiariAndorra.ad}}

Culture and folklore

The town figures into the Andorran legend El buner d'Ordino, in which a bagpiper from the parish of Ordino, en route to a festival in Canillo, is chased and treed by wolves, but frightens them off by playing his instrument.{{cite book|author1=Àlvar Valls Oliva - Roser Carol Romàn|author2=Àlvar Valls i Oliva|author3=Roser Carol i Romàn|title=Llegendes d'Andorra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=grNP6uNi7OcC&pg=PA95|date=15 November 2010|publisher=L'Abadia de Montserrat|isbn=978-84-9883-340-9|pages=95–}}

The parish is intimately related to the national legend of Charlemagne. The legend explains that Charlemagne entered through the Valleys from Incles, and made a ring on the mountain of Pic Negre of Juclà to tie his horse, marking the borders between Andorra and Sabartés (Ariège), which It was in the Carolingian era Sabart, a small town today annexed to Tarascon. Not far from the place it's found the Creu Gótica de Carlemany (Gothic Cross of Charlemagne), a tribute to the blacksmiths of the country.{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcami.cat/camipedia/patrimoni-arquitectonic-de-canillo|title=Contingut camipèdia - Patrimoni arquitectònic de Canillo|website=www.elcami.cat}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.andorraantiga.com/llegendes-del-pais-del-pirineus.-andorra..html|title=Llegendes del Pais del Pirineus. Andorra.|first=Albert Daina|last=Marsenyach|website=El Coprincipat d'Andorra ara fa molt de temps.}}

File:Escultura a Carlemany en Canillo.jpg

Also the Creu dels Set Braços (Cross of the seven arms) can be found in the parish. The cross is the origin of the tragic legend about a boy from Prats who thought that the devil could go find him someday. He accidentally killed one of his friends who wanted to scare him to make him a joke after returning from the town of Canillo to bring a barrel of wine. The body disappeared mysteriously, some say by the devil himself. In the place where the accident happened, they placed a cross in order that the passers remember and removed the consequence of such ugly act. The cross had seven arms, like seven were the young people who wanted to make fun of their compatriot. One of them disappeared, and, strangely coinciding, the cross also lost one of his arms.{{Cite web|url=https://visitandorra.com/ca/cultura/creu-dels-7-bracos|title=Creu dels 7 braços|website=Andorra Turisme}}

Canillo is the place of the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Meritxell. According to legend, a shepherd found the image of the Virgin on a winter day under some flowering roses and decided to take it home. The image, however, returned three times to the same place where it had been found. Finally, the Andorrans decided to build a chapel there.{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcami.cat/camipedia/llegendes-del-santuari-de-nostra-senyora-de-meritxell|title=Contingut camipèdia - Llegendes del Santuari de Nostra Senyora de Meritxell|website=www.elcami.cat}} In 1873, the General Council of the Valleys declared her the patron saint of the country and on 8 September 1921 it was declared the National Holiday of the Principality.{{Cite web|url=https://www.elperiodic.ad/opinio/article/37213/100-anys-de-patronatge-de-la-verge-de-meritxell|title=La Tribuna - 100 anys de patronatge de la Verge de Meritxell|website=El Periòdic d'Andorra|date=13 May 2014 }}

The original sanctuary was of Romanesque style and was completely restored in the 17th century. In 1972, the sanctuary burned down, being completely destroyed along with the Romanesque statue of the Virgin. The construction of a new sanctuary was entrusted to the Spanish architect Ricardo Bofill Levi. The new building was inaugurated in 1976. Inside it is still revered a replica of the Romanesque carving statue of the Virgin that was destroyed in the fire.{{Cite web|url=https://www.plataformaarquitectura.cl/cl/02-261690/clasicos-de-arquitectura-santuario-de-meritxell-ricardo-bofill|title=Clásicos de Arquitectura: Santuario de Meritxell / Ricardo Bofill|date=May 21, 2013|website=Plataforma Arquitectura}}

The sanctuary was declared a Minor basilica on 13 May 2014 by Pope Francis{{Cite web|url=https://opusdei.org/ca-es/article/el-papa-francesc-concedeix-al-santuari-de-meritxell-el-titol-de-basilica/|title=El Papa Francesc concedeix al Santuari de Meritxell el títol de basílica|website=opusdei.org}} and joined the Marian Route (Ruta Mariana), a cultural-religious nature route, together with Our Lady of the Pillar, Our Lady of Torreciudad, Our Lady of Montserrat and Our Lady of Lourdes.{{Cite web|url=https://rutamariana.com/la-ruta-mariana/|title=La Ruta Mariana}}

Geography

The localities of Canillo parish include Soldeu, Bordes d'Envalira, El Tarter, Sant Pere, Ransol, Els Plans, El Vilar, l'Aldosa, El Forn, Incles, Prats, Meritxell and Molleres. Unlike the rest of Andorra, Canillo is divided by veïnats (neighborhoods). Canillo Parish is Andorra's largest parish, at 121 square kilometers (47 sq mi).

Large natural places and areas in the parish include the Incles Valley, the Ransol Valley and the Montaup Valley. On the hiking trail of the Incles Valley is located the Estany de Juclà, the largest lake in Andorra, with 21.3 hectares (0.21 km²).{{Cite web|url=https://visitandorra.com/es/naturaleza/ruta-de-senderismo-estany-de-jucla|title=Ruta de senderismo: Estany de Juclà|website=Andorra Turismo}}

=Climate=

Canillo has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb). The average annual temperature in Canillo is {{cvt|6.2|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|992.2|mm}} with May as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around {{cvt|15.0|C}}, and lowest in January, at around {{cvt|-1.4|C}}. The highest temperature ever recorded in Canillo was {{cvt|36.0|C}} on 1 July 1994; the coldest temperature ever recorded was {{cvt|-23.0|C}} on 11 February 1956.

{{Weather box

|location= Canillo (1981–2010 averages, extremes 1934−2017)

|metric first= Y

|single line= Y

|Jan record high C = 16.0

|Feb record high C = 17.0

|Mar record high C = 20.0

|Apr record high C = 22.0

|May record high C = 29.0

|Jun record high C = 35.0

|Jul record high C = 36.0

|Aug record high C = 32.0

|Sep record high C = 29.0

|Oct record high C = 24.0

|Nov record high C = 20.0

|Dec record high C = 14.0

|year record high C = 36.0

|Jan high C = 2.7

|Feb high C = 5.0

|Mar high C = 8.0

|Apr high C = 9.4

|May high C = 13.7

|Jun high C = 18.7

|Jul high C = 22.5

|Aug high C = 22.0

|Sep high C = 17.8

|Oct high C = 12.8

|Nov high C = 6.4

|Dec high C = 3.0

|year high C = 11.9

|Jan mean C = -1.4

|Feb mean C = -0.3

|Mar mean C = 2.4

|Apr mean C = 4.0

|May mean C = 7.8

|Jun mean C = 12.0

|Jul mean C = 15.0

|Aug mean C = 14.7

|Sep mean C = 11.2

|Oct mean C = 7.2

|Nov mean C = 2.2

|Dec mean C = -0.8

|year mean C = 6.2

|Jan low C = -5.5

|Feb low C = -5.5

|Mar low C = -3.3

|Apr low C = -1.4

|May low C = 1.9

|Jun low C = 5.3

|Jul low C = 7.6

|Aug low C = 7.5

|Sep low C = 4.6

|Oct low C = 1.6

|Nov low C = -1.9

|Dec low C = -4.5

|year low C = 0.6

|Jan record low C = -20.2

|Feb record low C = -23.0

|Mar record low C = -18.0

|Apr record low C = -13.0

|May record low C = -7.0

|Jun record low C = -5.0

|Jul record low C = -1.0

|Aug record low C = -1.0

|Sep record low C = -6.0

|Oct record low C = -10.0

|Nov record low C = -14.0

|Dec record low C = -19.0

|year record low C = -23.0

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 68.8

|Feb precipitation mm = 42.7

|Mar precipitation mm = 56.7

|Apr precipitation mm = 94.8

|May precipitation mm = 106.4

|Jun precipitation mm = 100.5

|Jul precipitation mm = 73.8

|Aug precipitation mm = 88.1

|Sep precipitation mm = 95.8

|Oct precipitation mm = 95.4

|Nov precipitation mm = 87.9

|Dec precipitation mm = 81.3

|year precipitation mm = 992.2

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 8.1

|Feb precipitation days = 6.6

|Mar precipitation days = 8.1

|Apr precipitation days = 11.8

|May precipitation days = 12.7

|Jun precipitation days = 9.8

|Jul precipitation days = 7.4

|Aug precipitation days = 8.6

|Sep precipitation days = 7.8

|Oct precipitation days = 9.2

|Nov precipitation days = 8.6

|Dec precipitation days = 8.2

|year precipitation days = 107.0

|source 1 = Météo France{{cite web

| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_99130004.pdf

| title=Climate of Canilo_ransol_feda 1981-2010

| language = fr

| publisher = Météo-France

| access-date = June 8, 2022}}}}

=Events and festivities=

One of the earliest celebrations in Canillo during January is Sant Antoni, in which the traditional markets are celebrated and vianda is distributed, which is a mountain soup. The crema del mai (burning of mai) is celebrated to left behind the hard winter: traditionally a spruce fir tree was burned and people in town sang and danced around it until the flames consumed it. The tree is still burning up nowadays, one of those used as a decoration on the public road during Christmas, and theater groups encourage the party for the little ones.{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcami.cat/camipedia/calendari-de-festes-de-canillo|title=Contingut camipèdia - Calendari de Festes de Canillo|website=www.elcami.cat}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.elperiodic.ad/opinio/article/28716/a-la-crema-del-mai|title=Torn de paraula - A la crema del mai|website=El Periòdic d'Andorra|date=14 January 2013 }}

Another very deeply rooted festival is the Carnival, also known as the Harlequin Festival where the typical costume is that of harlequin, which is made out of clothes and scrolls (bells) and appears after the hanging of the king Carnival or rei Carnestoltes.{{cite web |url=http://www.festes.org/arxius/arlequinspoliciacarnaval.pdf |title=Els arlequins de Canillo: la policia del Carnaval |website=www.festes.org |access-date=2020-10-26}}

Already in the middle of the summer, the Canillo Festival is celebrated and began the Sheepdog Contest at the Planells de Mereig, organized by the local government and the Association of the Canillo Sheepdog Contest, as part of the Championship of the Catalan Countries.{{Cite web |url=http://visitandorra.com/ca/agenda/concurs-de-gossos-d-atura/ |title=Concurs de gossos d'atura |access-date=2018-05-11 |archive-date=2018-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511214910/http://visitandorra.com/ca/agenda/concurs-de-gossos-d-atura/ |url-status=dead }}

Sports

Soldeu-El Tarter hosted World Cup alpine events for the first time in February 2012;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nevasport.com/noticias/art/33867/Rossignol-Soldeu-2012-World-Cup/|title=Rossignol Soldeu 2012 World Cup - Noticias|first=Ivan|last=M|website=Nevasport.com|date=17 November 2011 }} and then in February 2016 a super-G and a combined.{{Cite web|url=https://www.grandvalira.com/en/news/fis-world-cup-grandvalira-soldeu-el-tarter-2016-show-organisation-and-party|title=FIS World Cup Grandvalira Soldeu-El Tarter 2016: Show, organisation and party | Grandvalira|website=www.grandvalira.com}} The World Cup finals (eight events) are scheduled for Soldeu in March 2019.{{Cite web|url=https://www.longines.com/en-us/|title=Longines® Watches Official e-shop in the United States | Longines®|website=www.longines.com}}

During the summer, mountain activities such as railroads, hiking and climbing routes are organized in the parish, as well as bike and cycling routes in Grand Valira and Vall d'Incles. In Canillo is located the highest golf course in Europe, located at 2,250 m altitude (7382 feet), created by the British architect Jeremy Pern.{{cite web | last=Canillo | first=Turisme | title=Hivern | website=Hivern | url=http://ca.vdc.ad/ca-es/qu%C3%A8shipotfer/qu%C3%A8shipotferalestiu/golfsoldeu.aspx | language=an | access-date=2020-10-26}}

The Palau de Gel d'Andorra, sports and leisure center located in Canillo for ice skating, ice hockey and curling is the headquarters of the Andorran Federation of Ice Sports{{Cite web|url=https://www.faeg.ad/la-federacio|title=Federació Andorrana d'Esports de Gel|website=www.faeg.ad}} and clubs.{{Cite web|url=http://www.palaudegel.ad/clubs/|title=Clubs esportius – Palau de Gel – Andorra|date=2 January 2017 }} It will host 2025 IIHF Development Cup.

Demographics

{{Historical populations|1970|420|1980|755|1990|1513|2000|2808|2010|6194|2020|5320|cols=1|source=Departament d'Estadística{{cite web |title=REGISTERED POPULATION BY PARISH|url=https://www.estadistica.ad/portal/apps/sites/#/estadistica-en/pages/estadistiques-i-dades-detall?Idioma=en&N2=605&N3=606&DV=2&From=1970&To=2021&Var=|publisher=Departament d'Estadística (Andorra)}}}}The largest ethnic group in Canillo are Andorrans. There is also a significant number of Spaniards and Portuguese people. The following table shows the largest foreign ethnic groups in Canillo by nationality, as of 2013:

style="background:#efefef;"\|Rank ! style="background:#efefef;"\|Nationality ! style="background:#efefef;"\|Population (2013)
class="wikitable"
1	{{flag\|Spain}}	1,201
2	{{flag\|Portugal}}	542
3	{{flag\|France}}	433
4	{{flag\|United Kingdom}}	147
5	{{flag\|Argentina}}	110

Notable people

Carles Font-Rossell (born 1967 in Canillo) was the Permanent Representative to the United Nations for Andorra and also Ambassador of Andorra to the United States
Xavier Capdevila Romero (born 1976 in Canillo) an Andorran ski mountaineer, he now lives in Escaldes-Engordany
Marc Casal (born 1987 in Canillo) is an Andorran figure skater