Changan Automobile#Changan Auto

{{Short description|Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer}}

{{Other uses|Chang'an (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox company

| name = Changan Automobile (Group) Co., Ltd.

| logo = Changan Automobile Logo.svg

| caption =

| type = State-owned

| genre =

| fate =

| predecessor =

| successor =

| foundation = {{Start date and age|1862}}

| founder =

| defunct =

| location_city = Chongqing

| location_country = China

| location =

| locations =

| area_served = Worldwide

| key_people = Wang Jun

(President)

| industry = Automotive

| products = Motor vehicles

| production = 2,553,052 units (2023) {{cite web |url=http://www.autoline.tv/journal/?p=80361 |title=Autoline Daily |access-date=3 March 2022}}

| services =

| revenue =

| operating_income =

| net_income =

| aum =

| assets =

| equity =

| parent = China South Industries Group

| num_employees =

| divisions =

| subsid = {{ubl

| Deepal (51%)

| Changan Ford (50%)

| Changan Mazda (50%)

| Avatr Technology (40.99%)

}}

| homepage = [http://www.globalchangan.com/ globalchangan.com]

| footnotes =

| module = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes|s=重庆长安汽车股份有限公司|t=重慶長安汽車股份有限公司|p=Chóngqìng Cháng'ān Qìchē Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī|l=Chongqing Changan Automobile Joint-stock Limited Corporation|t2=|s2=|p2=|l2=|order=st}}

| intl =

}}

Changan Automobile Co., Ltd.[https://web.archive.org/web/20080701233913/http://www.globalchana.com/tabid/72/Default.aspx Chana > Contact Us > Dealer Application] Chana Official Site (Web Archive) (CCAG) is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Jiangbei, Chongqing.[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSHA13646320071216 China rolls out own hybrid car] reuters.com, Sat December 15, 2007 1:44am EST Changan Automobile traces its origins back to 1862 when Li Hongzhang set up a military supply factory, the Shanghai Foreign Gun Bureau. It was not until 1959 when the factory was repurposed to manufacture Changjiang Type 46 jeep that it became an automobile manufacturer.{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalchangan.com/about_us/|title = About Us - Changan International}}{{Cite web |last=Narasimhan |first=T. E. |date=2016-07-09 |title=China's Changan revs up for India entry |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/china-s-oldest-automobile-company-and-state-owned-changan-automobile-eyes-tamil-nadu-ap-116070800328_1.html |access-date=2016-07-09 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en}}

The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding, such as Changan, Deepal, Avatr, Kaicene, as well as under foreign-branded joint ventures such as Changan Ford and Changan Mazda. In 2021, its own brands contributed 76% of its sales (1.75 million, including 1.2 million passenger vehicles).{{cite web | url=http://www.globalchangan.com/article/news_content_687.html | title=2021 Sales Report-News - Changan International }} Its principal activity is the production of passenger cars, microvans, commercial vans and light trucks.

A subsidiary of Changan, Chongqing Changan Automobile Company ({{Szse|000625}}), is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (but is also state controlled).

History

Changan's early origins can be traced back to 1862 when Li Hongzhang set up a military supply factory, the Shanghai Foreign Gun Bureau. In 1863, it was renamed the Suzhou Arsenal. By 1865, Li Hongzhang relocated the Suzhou Arsenal to Nanjing, and became the largest arsenal in China at the time, known as the Jinling Arsenal.{{Cite web |title=源自152年前的兵工厂 忆长安汽车发展史_卡车之家 |url=https://www.360che.com/news/140305/29923.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=www.360che.com}}

By 1899, it had grown into a major arms production center, equipped with nearly a thousand machines and employing 1,700 artisans, solidifying its position as one of China's primary military manufacturing hubs.

In 1937, when the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out, as Shanghai fell and Nanjing faced imminent threat, Nationalist government decided to relocate Jinling Arsenal westward to Chongqing{{cite news |last1=Xu |first1=Xiao |last2=Han |first2=TianYang |date=3 Dec 2012 |title=Colorful history, ambitious goals for Chang'an Auto |work=The China Daily}} After relocating, it was renamed The 21st Arsenal.

In 1951, the 21st Arsenal was renamed The State-Owned Factory 456 under the Central Bureau of Military Industry. This marked a significant transition in its organizational structure, aligning it with the newly established administrative framework of the People's Republic of China. The renaming reflected the factory's continued importance in national defense and industrial production during the early years of the PRC.

In 1959 a predecessor entity, Chongqing Changan Arsenal, under contract to the government, began auto manufacturing and built Changjiang Type 46 which was the first production vehicle of China.{{cite web | url=http://www.globalchangan.com/about_us/ | title=Changan About us | access-date=20 January 2018}}

In 1984, Changan entered a significant phase of transformation by signing a technical trade cooperation agreement with Japan's Suzuki Motor Corporation. This partnership focused on the development of mini vehicles and engines, marking a pivotal step in the company's evolution. On November 15, 1984, the first batch of Changan-branded vehicles—the SC112 mini van and the SC110 mini truck—rolled off the production line. It marks the official transition of Changan from a military enterprise to a civilian vehicle manufacturer.{{cite book |last1=Gallagher |first1=Kelly Sims |url=https://archive.org/details/chinashiftsgears00gall_0/page/88 |title=China Shifts Gears: Automakers, Oil, Pollution, and Development |publisher=The MIT Press |year=2006 |isbn=9780262072700 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/chinashiftsgears00gall_0/page/88 88] |url-access=registration}}

In 2009, Changan acquired two smaller domestic automakers, Hafei and Changhe.For purchase of Hafei, see [https://web.archive.org/web/20100225144654/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-02/22/c_13182876.htm New policy to encourage China's carmaker consolidation] xinhuanet.com, 2010-02-22 10:27:20

  • For purchase of Changhe, see [http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2010-04/24/content_9769992.htm Year in review: A memorable 2009 saw China's ascent to top of global vehicle market] chinadaily.com.cn, 2010-04-24 In 2013, Changhe was transferred to Jiangxi provincial government for restructuring, and later became a majority-owned subsidiary of another Chinese automaker BAIC Group.{{cite web|title=BAIC takes majority stake in Changhe Auto|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/motoring/2013-11/26/content_17131377.htm|publisher=China Daily|date=26 November 2013}}

As of 2010, China Weaponry Equipment is the parent company of this state-owned automaker,[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2010-03/29/content_9655056.htm Milestone merger reshapes Suzuki] chinadaily.com.cn, 2010-03-29 09:26 and that year Changan became the fourth most-productive car manufacturer in the Chinese automobile industry by selling 2.38 million units.[http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2011/01/china-car-market-101-who-makes-all-those-18-million-cars/ China Car Market 101: Who Makes All Those 18 Million Cars?] thetruthaboutcars.com, January 19, 2011

The company also released a new logo for its consumer offerings in 2010 while commercial production retains the former red-arch brand.[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE69U1DU20101031 China's Changan unveils new car logo in brand drive] reuters.com, Sun October 31, 2010 11:55am EDT

Although it only allowed the company to achieve fourth place among domestic automakers in terms of production, Changan made over 2 million whole vehicles in 2011.{{cite conference |title=2011年前十家乘用车生产企业销量排名 |publisher=China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM) |date=2012-01-20 |url=http://www.caam.org.cn/zhengche/20120120/0905067439.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820031815/http://www.caam.org.cn/zhengche/20120120/0905067439.html |archive-date=2012-08-20 }}

In 2012, it was reported that 72% of production was dedicated to passenger vehicles,{{cite web|title=2012年12月分车型前十家生产企业销量排名 |url=http://www.caam.org.cn/zhengche/20130114/0905085491.html |publisher=China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM) |date=14 January 2013 |access-date=January 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115030711/http://caam.org.cn/zhengche/20130114/0905085491.html |archive-date=January 15, 2013 }} but this count likely conflates private offerings and microvans, tiny commercial trucks and vans that are popular in China.

In November 2012, Changan Ford Mazda Automobile was divided into two new joint venture companies: Changan Ford and Changan Mazda.{{cite news|url=http://www.mazda.com/publicity/release/2012/201211/121130b.html|title=Restructure of Changan Ford Mazda Automobile Approved|access-date=3 March 2014|publisher=Mazda|date=30 November 2012}}

Changan plans on ending production of vehicles powered solely by internal-combustion engines by 2025, as the automaker will be selling only hybrid vehicles and all-electric vehicles from 2025 as a result of climate change and air pollution issues in China as well as stringent emissions regulations. The company stated that this is because Government of China announced that it has passed legislation that will ban new ICE-powered vehicles by the mid-2030s, due to high air pollution and due to China's reiterated commitment in the United Nations Paris Agreement as the automaker wants to remain compliant with the government's automotive emission standards. The automaker is joining Volvo Cars, Jaguar Land Rover, Hongqi, BYD Auto, Lotus Cars, and several other automakers in planning on ceasing production of ICE-powered vehicles in the coming years.{{Cite web|title=China's Changan steers toward electric future|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/AC/China-s-Changan-steers-toward-electric-future|access-date=2021-03-06|website=Nikkei Asia|language=en-GB}}

In December 2023, Huawei announced it plans to move core technologies and resources in its smart car unit to a new joint venture with Changan. The new company Avatr Technology will engage in research and development, production, sales and service of intelligent automotive systems and component solutions. Changan and its affiliates plan to acquire no more than 40 percent of the new company's equity, with the specific amount of capital contribution and term to be separately negotiated between the two parties.{{Cite news |date=2023-11-26 |title=Huawei to move smart car operations to new joint company with Changan |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/chinas-huawei-changan-auto-form-joint-auto-systems-venture-2023-11-26/ |access-date=2023-12-03}}{{Cite web |last=Zhang/CnEVPost |first=Phate |date=2023-11-26 |title=Changan, Huawei sign MoU to set up JV that aims to be world's leading parts supplier |url=https://cnevpost.com/2023/11/26/changan-huawei-sign-mou-to-set-up-jv/ |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}

Brands and products

{{main|List of Changan Automobile vehicles}}

Changan produces and markets vehicles primarily under 5 brands:{{Cite web|title=Changan to be rebranded as Kaicene, Berjaya Auto Asia announces|url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/changan-rebranded-kaicene-berjaya-auto-000000079.html|access-date=2021-09-17|website=sg.news.yahoo.com|language=en-SG|archive-date=2021-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917191727/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/changan-rebranded-kaicene-berjaya-auto-000000079.html|url-status=dead}}

  • Changan Auto for SUVs and passenger cars
  • Changan Nevo (Qiyuan) for entry premium range extended electric vehicles.
  • Deepal (Shenlan) for electric vehicles
  • Avatr for premium electric vehicles, jointly invested by Changan and CATL
  • Kaicene for the commercial vehicles, light trucks, and MPVs

=Changan Auto=

Changan is the main brand of Changan group. Its products lines cover entry-level and medium level price range passenger vehicles include cars, SUVs, and pickups.

File:2022 Chang'an Lumin (front).jpg|Changan Lumin

File:Changan Ruicheng Plus front quarter view 1.jpg|Changan Raeton Plus

File:Changan UNI-V IMG01.jpg|Changan UNI-V

File:Changan UNI-T 005.jpg|Changan UNI-T

File:Changan UNI-Z 001.jpg|Changan UNI-Z

File:Changan CS55 Plus II IMG007.jpg|Changan CS55 Plus

File:Changan_Hunter_1.9_CRDi_Luxury_2021.jpg|Changan F70

File:Changan Lantuozhe EV 001.jpg|Changan Lantuozhe

File:Changan Hunter facelift 001.jpg|Changan Hunter

= Changan Nevo (Qiyuan) =

Changan Nevo (长安启源) is the entry level EV line under the Changan brand, launched in 2023. Models initially include the A05 compact sedan, the A06 compact sedan, and the A07 midsize sedan. The A06 is a rebadged Changan UNI-V with restyled front and rear ends.{{cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=搭载插混系统 长安启源A06申报图曝光 |url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/news/202306/1285665.html#pvareaid=102624}} The A05 is a rebadged Changan Yida with restyled front and rear ends.{{cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=全新设计风格 长安启源A05申报图曝光 |url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/news/202306/1285650.html#pvareaid=102624}}

File:Nevo A07 003.jpg|Changan Nevo A07

File:Nevo A06 01 China 2024-04-02.jpg|Changan Nevo A06 (cancelled)

File:Qiyuan A05 001.jpg|Changan Nevo A05

File:Nevo Q05 001.jpg|Changan Nevo Q05

File:Nevo Q07 001.jpg|Changan Nevo Q07

File:Nevo E07 001.jpg|Changan Nevo E07

= Deepal (Shenlan) =

{{main|Deepal}}

Deepal (Chinese name Shenlan) is EV brand owned by Changan Automobile. The company was originally named Chongqing Changan New Energy Automobile Technology founded in 2018 and became an independent brand since 2023.

File:Deepal L07 001.jpg|Deepal L07

File:Deepal S05 001.jpg|Deepal S05

File:2023 Chang'an Shenlan S7.jpg|Deepal S07

File:Deepal S09 001.jpg|Deepal S09

File:Deepal G318 005.jpg|Deepal G318

= Avatr Technology =

{{Main|Avatr Technology}}

Avatr Technology is a premium EV brand Changan joint-ventured with battery provider CATL and multiple Chinese domestic foundations, technology supported by Huawei.{{Cite web |date=19 November 2021 |title=Huawei, Changan and CATL Launch New Avatr Car Brand in China |url=https://www.carscoops.com/2021/11/changan-catl-and-huawei-launch-avatr-car-brand-in-china/}}

File:Avatr 06 001.jpg|Avatr 06

File:Avatr 07 005.jpg|Avatr 07

File:2022 Avatr 11 (front).jpg|Avatr 11

File:Avatr 12 IAA 2023 1X7A0579.jpg|Avatr 12

= Changan Kaicene =

Changan Kaicene (长安凯程) is the commercial vehicle line under the Changan brand. Products mostly includes vans, light trucks, and pickups.

==Current models==

File:2018 Chang'an Ruixing S50, front 8.12.18.jpg|Chana Ruixing S50V

File:Kaicene Ruixing S50T IMG003.jpg|Chana Ruixing S50T

File:Chana Ruixing 01 China 2016-03-29.jpg|Chana Ruixing M90

File:Changan(Chana) Ruixing M80 front 8.16.18.jpg|Chana Ruixing M80

File:Chana Ruixing M70 001.jpg|Chana Ruixing M70

File:Chana Honor China 2014-04-16.jpg|Chana Honor

File:2016_Chana_F30.jpg|Kaicene F30

File:Kaicene Xingka facelift IMG001.jpg|Kaicene Star Truck

File:Chana Shenqi T30 Sanming 01 2022-07-07.jpg|Kaicene Shenqi T30

== Former Kaicene models ==

Sales

class="wikitable"

|+Changan group sales (foreign joint-venture brands excluded){{Cite web |title=HOME {{!}} Automotive Industry Portal MarkLines {{!}} Portal |url=https://www.marklines.com/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=www.marklines.com}}{{Cite web |title=2022年12月汽车销量排行榜_盖世汽车社区 |url=https://i.gasgoo.com/data/Sales/R-B-0-0-0-2022-12-2022-12.html#data01 |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=i.gasgoo.com}}{{Cite web |title=2023新能源车市战火升级:新势力销冠易主,比亚迪年销超300万 |url=https://auto.gasgoo.com/news/202401/4I70377016C501.shtml |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=auto.gasgoo.com}}{{Cite web |title=长安汽车(000625)年度报告_新浪财经_新浪网 |url=https://vip.stock.finance.sina.com.cn/corp/go.php/vCB_Bulletin/stockid/000625/page_type/ndbg.phtml |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=vip.stock.finance.sina.com.cn}}{{Cite web |title=长安汽车(000625)公告列表 _ 数据中心 _ 东方财富网 |url=https://data.eastmoney.com/notices/stock/000625.html |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=data.eastmoney.com}}{{Cite web |title=长安汽车2024年全年销量超268万辆,创近七年新高 |url=http://k.sina.com.cn/article_1095802822_41509fc6027018sie.html |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=k.sina.cn}}{{Cite web |title=长安B(200625)-公司公告-长安汽车:关于2024年12月份产、销快报的自愿性信息披露公告-股票行情中心 -搜狐证券 |url=https://q.stock.sohu.com/cn/gg/2025/200625/60864916.shtml |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=q.stock.sohu.com}}

!Year

!Total{{efn|Including passenger and commercial vehicle}}

!Changan{{efn|Changan brand passenger vehicle only after 2019}}

!Deepal

!Avatr

!Oshan

!JMH

(Landwind)

2010

|1,239,990

|1,047,983

| -

| -

| -

|192,007

2011

|1,025,233

|816,627

| -

| -

| -

|208,606

2012

|1,053,645

|841,137

| -

| -

| -

|212,508

2013

|1,152,537

|901,270

| -

| -

| -

|251,267

2014

|1,363,487

|1,055,630

| -

| -

| -

|307,857

2015

|1,504,936

|1,199,053

| -

| -

| -

|305,883

2016

|1,682,741

|1,304,612

| -

| -

| -

|378,129

2017

|1,597,543

|1,215,406

| -

| -

| -

|382,137

2018

|1,270,100

|729,067

| -

| -

|192,745

|348,288

2019

|1,331,802

|849,552

| -

| -

|153,258

| rowspan="6" |divested

2020

|1,503,604

|978,398

| -

| -

|113,820

2021

|1,754,707

|1,009,822

| -

| -

|194,381

2022

|1,874,569

|1,125,048

|33,354

|757

|222,030

2023

|2,097,794

|1,432,543

|136,912

|27,589

| rowspan="2" |discontinued

2024

|2,226,489

|1,350,784

|243,894

|73,606

Joint ventures

Like most major Chinese automakers, Changan partners with Western and Japanese companies to produce and sell the products of these foreign firms in China. It also partners with other companies within China to augment manufacturer capacity and share development costs.

Changan currently participates in the following joint ventures:

= Changan Ford (2001–present) =

{{main|Changan Ford}}

File:CNpolicecarfocus.jpg

In 2001, Changan Ford was formed and initially built Ford-branded passenger vehicles from complete knock down kits.

Making Chinese-market versions of Ford consumer offerings, its 2010 dealer network was thought to include many showrooms in second- and third-tier Chinese cities{{citation needed|date=September 2013}} such as Chongqing.{{cite web | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-04-22/automakers-go-west-in-china-to-thin-margins-fat-growth.html | title=Automakers Go West in China to Thin Margins, Fat Growth | publisher=Bloomberg LP | work=bloomberg.com | date=Apr 21, 2013 | access-date=22 September 2013 | last = Naughton | first = Keith }} So-called second- and third-tier cities are large and medium-sized cities not among the top four in terms of population and contribution to GDP.{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/ad/article/chinaenergy-cities | title=China's "Second-Tier" Cities Take Off | work=The Wall Street Journal | agency=Dow Jones and Company, Inc | access-date=June 4, 2012 | last=Mullich | first = Joe}}

= Changan Mazda (2012–present) =

{{Main|Changan Mazda}}

=Changan Kuayue=

Chongqing Kuayue Automobile is a co-operative venture between Changan and Chongqing Kuayue Group specializing in commercial vehicle production.{{Cite web|title=Commercial vehicle-KUAYUE GROUP|url=http://www.kuayuegroup.com/aspx/en/about.aspx?classid=44|access-date=2021-09-17|website=www.kuayuegroup.com|archive-date=2021-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917192415/http://www.kuayuegroup.com/aspx/en/about.aspx?classid=44|url-status=dead}}

The group builds commercial vehicles for Changan primarily under the Kuayue and Kaicene brands.

Kuayue commercial vehicles rebranded as Mamut in former Soviet countries.

== Current models ==

  • Kuayue D5
  • Kuayue T3
  • Kuayue Chana V3 / V3 Electric
  • Kuayue Chana V5
  • Kuayue X1
  • Kuayue X3
  • Kuayue X5{{Cite web|title=VEHICLES-1|url=https://kuayue.kyctruck.com/pages/vehicles-1.html|access-date=2021-09-17|website=Chongqing Changan Kuayue Automobile Co., Ltd|archive-date=2021-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917192415/https://kuayue.kyctruck.com/pages/vehicles-1.html|url-status=dead}}
  • Kuayue Kuayuexing V3/V5/V7

File:Kuayue Kuayuexing V3 001.jpg|Kuayue Kuayuexing V3

File:Kuayue Kuayuexing V5 EV IMG01.jpg|Kuayue Kuayuexing V5 EV

File:Changan Kuayue V5 001.jpg|Kuayue V5

File:Kuayue Kuayuewang X1 001.jpg|Kuayue Kuayuewang X1

File:2018 Chang'an-Kuayue Kuayuewang X5, front 8.16.18.jpg|Kuayue Kuayuewang X5

== Former models ==

File:2015 Chang'an-Kuayue Xinbao mini (pre-facelift), front 8.12.18.jpg|Kuayue Xinbao mini

File:2018 Chang'an-Kuayue Xinbao (double cab), front 8.7.18.jpg|Kuayue Xinbao

File:2018 Chang'an-Kuayue Xinbao T3 (double cab), front 8.7.18.jpg|Kuayue Xinbao T3

File:2016 Chang'an-Kuayue Kuayuewang X5 (pre-facelift) box truck, front 8.12.18.jpg|Kuayue Kuayuewang X5

File:Chana Xinbao V5 001.jpg|Kuayue Xinbao V5

File:Chang'an Kuayue Xunlong 01 China 2018-04-02.jpg|Kuayue Xunlong

= Jiangling Investment and Jiangling Motor Holding =

Jiangling Motor Holding Co. Ltd. ({{lang-zh|s=江西江铃控股有限公司|p=Jiāngxī Jiānglíng Kònggǔ Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī|t=江西江鈴控股有限公司}}), also known by the initialism JMH, was a joint venture established in October 2004 and controlled equally by Changan and JMCG. To create Jiangling Motor Holding Changan invested money and in exchange JMCG transferred its Jiangling Motors Corporation (JMC) equity to the venture. Jiangling Motor Holding was the largest shareholder of JMC,{{cite web|script-title=zh:江铃控股详细资料|trans-title=Jiangling Holding details|url=http://auto.ifeng.com/company/data/detail/213.shtml|access-date=1 February 2019|website=auto.ifeng.com|language=zh}} with a 41.03% stake as of March 2018.{{cite news|title=Jiangling Motors Corporation, Ltd. 2017 Annual Report|pages=27, 29|publisher=JMC|url=https://q.stock.sohu.com/newpdf/201830483868.pdf|access-date=1 February 2019|via=Sohu}} JMH also owned the Landwind marque.{{cite news|title=Landwind|publisher=JMCG|url=http://www.jmcg-global.com/vehiclebrand/364.jhtml|access-date=1 February 2019|archive-date=17 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217180058/http://www.jmcg-global.com/vehiclebrand/364.jhtml|url-status=dead}}

In April 2019, it was announced that JMCG and Changan planned to split JMH into two separate companies: one keeping the same name and other tentatively called Jiangling Investment. Jiangling Investment would hold the 41.03% JMC stake and some liabilities and would still be equally owned by Changan and JMCG. The new JMH would own the rest of the former JMH assets (including Landwind){{cite web|last=Hu|first=Xinyu|date=3 April 2019|script-title=zh:江铃汽车控股股东拟变更为江铃投资|trans-title=Jiangling Motors' controlling shareholder is planned to be changed to Jiangling Investment|url=https://m.jrj.com.cn/madapter/stock/2019/04/03180227315422.shtml|access-date=3 April 2019|website=jrj.com.cn|language=zh|archive-date=3 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403231327/https://m.jrj.com.cn/madapter/stock/2019/04/03180227315422.shtml|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|last1=Liu|first1=Yang|last2=Zhen|first2=Zhenyu|date=3 April 2019|script-title=zh:长安汽车拟为江铃控股引入战略投资者|trans-title=Changan Automobile intends to introduce strategic investors for Jiangling Holding|url=https://finance.sina.cn/2019-04-03/detail-ihvhiewr2947771.d.html?from=wap|access-date=3 April 2019|website=finance.sina.cn|language=zh}} and it would issue 100% more shares to be sold to investors, leaving JMCG and Changan with a 25% stake each. Jiangling Investment was formally established in May 2019, completing the split of the former JMH.{{cite web|last=Jian|first=Jianru|date=30 May 2019|editor-last=Zhang|editor-first=Bei|script-title=zh:江铃汽车和长安汽车共同成立投资公司 注册资本10亿元|trans-title=Jiangling Group and Changan Automobile jointly established an investment company with a registered capital of 1 billion yuan|url=https://m.nbd.com.cn/articles/2019-05-30/1337960.html|access-date=7 June 2019|website=nbd.com.cn|language=zh}} In June 2019, it was announced that the investor for the new JMH was the car manufacturer Aiways. Aiways acquired a 50% of the new JMH with the aim of securing production permits for new energy vehicles.{{cite web|last=Li|first=Xing|date=5 June 2019|script-title=zh:爱驰汽车购入江铃控股50%股权 首款量产车已开始生产|trans-title=Aiways acquired a 50% equity in Jiangling Holdings. The first production car has started production|url=https://finance.sina.cn/chanjing/gsxw/2019-06-05/detail-ihvhiqay3756868.d.html?from=wap|access-date=7 June 2019|website=finance.sina.cn|language=zh}}{{cite news|last=Xing|first=Lei|date=6 June 2019|title=AIWAYS Acquires 50 Percent Stake In Jiangling Holding For Nearly ¥1.75 Billion|work=China Automotive Review|url=https://www.chinaautoreview.com/index.php/aiways-acquires-50-percent-stake-in-jiangling-holding-for-nearly-%EF%BF%A51-75-billion/|access-date=7 June 2019}} {{Dead link|date=July 2020|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}

Former

= Hafei (2009–2018) =

{{main|Hafei}}

Hafei, officially Hafei Motor Co., Ltd. ({{zh|s=哈飞汽车}}), is a Chinese automaker currently operating as a subsidiary of Changan Ford, and manufacturing passenger vehicles.{{Cite web|title=Changan Ford officially announced to purchase Hafei Automobile|url=https://autonews.gasgoo.com/Detail2020.aspx?ArticleId=1024481|access-date=2021-09-17|website=Gasgoo}}{{Cite web|title=Changan Ford buys Hafei assembly plant in northeast China_EworksGlobal|url=http://www.eworksglobal.com/news_130716605509723868.htm|access-date=2021-09-17|website=www.eworksglobal.com|archive-date=2021-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917233254/http://www.eworksglobal.com/news_130716605509723868.htm|url-status=dead}}

In 2015, Changan announced it would discontinue all Hafei production and convert existing lines to serve Changan Ford.{{Cite web|last=BrandHafei Car SalesHafei Market Sales|date=2015-03-08|title=Hafei Auto China Sales Figures|url=https://carsalesbase.com/china-hafei/|access-date=2021-09-17|website=carsalesbase.com|language=en-US}}

File:Hafei Baili HJF7090 01 China 2016-04-08.jpg|Hafei Baili

File:2008 Hafei Lobo (front).jpg|Hafei Lobo

File:Hafei Zhongyi HFJ 6376.jpg|Hafei Zhongyi

= Oshan (2017–2024) =

{{main|Oshan (marque)}}

Oshan (Chinese: 欧尚) was a passenger car brand under Changan Automobile. It was originally known as the Changan Commercial Vehicles, the division which focus on micro vans and light trucks. The brand was renamed to Oshan in April 2017 and began to produce passenger vehicles since.

In 2024, Changan decided to cease the operation of Oshan brand and merge the product line and sales channel into Changan brand.{{Cite web |last=网易 |date=2024-03-01 |title=长安汽车重构旗下品牌:欧尚"隐退",将并入"引力"体系! |url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/IS79927H05566P65.html |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=www.163.com}}

File:Oushan X5 006.jpg|Oshan X5

File:Oshan X6 004.jpg|Oshan Z6

File:Oushan X7 001.jpg|Oshan X7

= Changan PSA (2010–2020) =

{{main|Changan PSA}}

Changan and the French car manufacturer PSA Peugeot Citroën agreed in 2010 to set up a 50/50 passenger car and light commercial vehicle-making joint venture.[http://www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com/en/psa_espace/press_releases_details_d1.php?id=1096 China Chang’an Automobile Group and PSA in Joint Venture discussion] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209090603/http://www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com/en/psa_espace/press_releases_details_d1.php?id=1096 |date=2010-12-09 }} PSA Peugeot Citroën Official Site, 5/06/2010 Named CAPSA, it was the PSA Group's second joint venture company in China, after Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile, and its first with Changan.[http://www.chinacartimes.com/2011/06/15/capsa-changan-psas-new-joint-venture-company/ CAPSA – Chang’an-PSA’s new joint venture company] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131119130203/http://www.chinacartimes.com/2011/06/15/capsa-changan-psas-new-joint-venture-company/ |date=2013-11-19 }} chinacartimes.com, June 15, 2011 Centering on a newly built production base in Shenzhen, it was estimated that initial production capacity for the project will be 200,000 units/year.For Shenzhen production base, see {{cite web | url=http://www.capsa.com.cn/en/capsa_qyjs.aspx | title=About CAPSA: Changan PSA Automobiles Co., Ltd Profile | publisher=Changan Automobiles Co Ltd | work=capsa.com.cn | access-date=27 September 2013 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131222040014/http://www.capsa.com.cn/en/capsa_qyjs.aspx | archive-date=22 December 2013 }} Manufacturing commenced in 2014, with China specific Citroën DS models; the DS 5LS first and then the DS 6WR.{{cite web|title=PSA launches DS compact crossover in China|url=http://europe.autonews.com/article/20141010/ANE/141009817/psa-launches-ds-compact-crossover-in-china|website=Automotive News Europe|access-date=19 November 2014|date=10 October 2014}} The venture was dissolved in 2020.

File:DS 4S 001 China 2017-04-01.jpg|DS 4S

File:DS 5LS China 2014-04-15.jpg|DS 5LS

File:DS 6 China 2016-03-29.jpg|DS 6

= Changan Suzuki (1993–2018) =

{{main|Changan Suzuki}}

Technical and commercial cooperation with Suzuki Motors, beginning in 1983, saw Changan assembling inexpensive commercial trucks (originally the Suzuki Carry ST90 as the Changan SC112{{Cite book | title = Quattroruote: Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1990 | editor-last1 = Mastrostefano|editor-first1= Raffaele | publisher = Editoriale Domus S.p.A | ref = TAM90 | date = 1990 | language = it | page = 103 | location = Milano }}) under license into the 2000s.{{cite book | title = World of Cars 2006·2007 | publisher = Media Connection Sp. z o.o. | location = Warsaw, Poland | pages = 226–227 | year = 2006 }} The two companies formed Chongqing Changan Suzuki Automobile Co in 1993,{{cite web|url=http://www.globalchana.com/Corporate_History.asp |title=Chana History|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812042348/http://www.globalchana.com/Corporate_History.asp |archive-date=2010-08-12|access-date=6 March 2023|website=Chana Official Site}} which built licensed versions of the Suzuki Alto, Suzuki Cultus, and more recently the Swift.

In parallel with its Suzuki joint venture, Changan also continued to build small trucks and vans for commercial use based on the 1999 Suzuki Carry license, but independently developed vehicles are quickly replacing them. These small cars carry the Changan brand name although Suzuki technology is used in their design and manufacture.

On 4 September 2018, Suzuki transferred its 50 percent stake in Changan Suzuki to Changan Automobile Group, ending 25 years of joint venture. Under the plan, Changan would continue to make and sell Suzuki-branded cars in China under license.

In 2021, Changan Suzuki was renamed to Chongqing Lingyao Automobile.{{Cite web|title=Changan Suzuki changes name to Lingyao Automobile|url=https://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/Detail/70018088.html|access-date=2021-09-15|website=autonews.gasgoo.com}}

File:Suzuki_SX4_hatch_facelift_IV_China_2016-04-01.jpg|Suzuki SX4 Hatch

File:SUZUKI SX4 SEDAN China (cropped).jpg|Suzuki SX4 Sedan

File:Suzuki S-Cross 01 China 2014-04-15.jpg|Suzuki S-Cross

Production and research facilities

=Domestic=

Changan has four major production bases (in the City of Chongqing, Hebei province, Jiangsu province, and Jiangxi province),{{citation needed|date=September 2013}} eleven automobile production bases, and two engine production bases in mainland China{{cite web | url=http://www.globalchana.com/Corporate.asp | title=Company Portrait | publisher=CHANA International Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100521232039/http://www.globalchana.com/Corporate.asp| archive-date=21 May 2010|access-date=21 September 2013}} for a more-current total of 21 vehicle-making bases including newer sites in Anhui province, Guangdong province, Heilongjiang province, Shandong province, and Shanxi province.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}

==Anhui==

A planned 300,000 units/year capacity mini-vehicle production base in Hefei, Anhui province, should see completion in 2011.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}} Production capacity figures may consider engines and vehicles as discrete.

==Beijing==

An existing R&D center in Beijing{{cite web | url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/china-news/changan-auto-group-opens-three-new-r-d-centers-100420.shtml | title=Changan Auto Group opens three new R&D centers | publisher=Gasgoo.com | work=Gasgoo Automotive News | date=April 20, 2010 | access-date=21 September 2013 | archive-date=26 September 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926112614/http://autonews.gasgoo.com/china-news/changan-auto-group-opens-three-new-r-d-centers-100420.shtml | url-status=dead }} will soon be joined by a passenger car production base in Fangshan District, Beijing, which will become operational in 2012.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}

==Chongqing==

Changan has numerous sites in the city of Chongqing. A Changan-Ford plant and another, planned Changan-Ford plant (which may produce engines) are joined by a Chongqing-based R&D center and an industrial park in Yubei, Chongqing.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}}

==Hebei==

An industrial park in Hebei province may continue to be Changan controlled.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}}

==Heilongjiang==

A Harbin, Heilongjiang province, R&D center, is now a Changan asset. It may have been owned by Hafei prior.

==Jiangsu==

A Changan-Ford plant and an industrial park{{citation needed|date=December 2010}} in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, comprise Changan operations in this province.

==Jiangxi==

A planned Changan commercial vehicle production base in Nanchang, capital of Jiangxi province, will produce JMC and Ford-branded vehicles[http://www.chinacartimes.com/2011/01/07/ford-posts-40-sales-increase-in-2010/ Ford posts 40% sales increase in 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414195912/http://www.chinacartimes.com/2011/01/07/ford-posts-40-sales-increase-in-2010/ |date=2011-04-14 }} chinacartimes.com, January 7, 2011 and join an R&D center as a second facility in this province. The latter facility may be a former Changhe asset.

==Shanghai==

Changan has an R&D center in this coastal city.

=International (Overseas)=

The company maintains four factories in international markets and several overseas R&D centers. Changan had an assembly plant in Poteau, Oklahoma, piecing together products sold under the Tiger Truck brand from 2007 to 2010.{{cite news|last1=Simpson|first1=Susan|title=Tiger Truck closing Poteau plant|url=http://newsok.com/tiger-truck-closing-poteau-plant/article/3502529|publisher=NewsOK|date=October 8, 2010}} The Changan CS35 is built in Lipetsk region of Russia since 2016.{{cite web | url=http://wroom.ru/en/news/5584 | title=Production Of Changan CS35 Started In Lipetsk Region | publisher=Wroom.ru | access-date=2016-10-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001211201/http://wroom.ru/en/news/5584 | archive-date=2016-10-01 | url-status=dead }} Also Changan vans and pickup trucks were assembled at Ganja Auto Plant in Ganja city, Azerbaijan in 2005.

==Pakistan==

Changan has built a production facility in Karachi, Pakistan. It is a joint venture with Master Motors with an investment of US$100 million. This plant makes right hand drive passenger vehicles for Pakistan as well other right hand drive markets. The first "Made in Pakistan" unit of Changan rolled out on 2 May 2019. With a manufacturing capacity of 30,000 cars per year, this facility is Changan's first to produce right hand drive cars.{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1746047/2-chinas-changan-master-motor-set-auto-plant-karachi/|title=China's Changan and Master Motor to set up auto plant in Karachi|date=29 June 2018|access-date=10 December 2023}}

==R&D centers==

Changan has over 7,000 engineers and researcher working in R&D facilities in Chongqing, Beijing, Shanghai and Harbin,{{cite news |last1=TABETA |first1=SHUNSUKE |date=8 Feb 2017 |title=Changan Auto sells 3m cars in record year |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Auto-Industry-Upheaval2/Changan-Auto-sells-3m-cars-in-record-year |access-date=20 January 2018 |work=The Nikkei Asian Review}} Turin, Italy, and Yokohama, Japan. It set up two more in 2011. These are located in Birmingham (originally was set up in Nottingham), United Kingdom, and Detroit, United States.For Birmingham center, see {{cite web | url = http://www.emda.org.uk/projects/details.asp?filevar=543 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110718094541/http://www.emda.org.uk/projects/details.asp?filevar=543 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2011-07-18 | title = Chinese car maker to create 200 new jobs in Nottingham | publisher = East Midlands Development Agency | access-date = 2011-02-02 }}

  • For Detroit center, see {{cite web | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/changan-idUSTOE70I05620110119 | title=China's Changan Auto to set up Detroit R&D centre -Xinhua | publisher=Thomson Reuters | work=reuters.com | date=2010-06-30 | access-date=21 September 2013 | archive-date=2013-09-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926200020/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/19/changan-idUSTOE70I05620110119 | url-status=live }} The Detroit center opened in early 2011, and its office was moved to Plymouth 2015.{{cite web | url=http://www.changanuk.com/ | title=Changan UK R&D Center website | publisher=Changan UK R&D Center, Inc. | date=n.d. | access-date=1 November 2018 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817103132/http://www.changanuk.com/ | archive-date=2018-08-17 }}{{cite web | url=http://www.changanus.com/__PROTOCAL__http.www.changanus.com/News/Changan-Automobile.htm | title=Changan USA R&D Center Set Up in Detroit | publisher=Changan US R&D Center, Inc. | work=changanus.com | date=18 January 2011 | access-date=27 September 2013 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213062133/http://www.changanus.com/__PROTOCAL__http.www.changanus.com/News/Changan-Automobile.htm | archive-date=13 December 2013 }}

Etymology

The name "Changan" originated from "Chongqing Changan Arsenal", the predecessor entity in defense industry in 1950s, which literally means "Long Lasting Peace". Changan is also the name ancient Chinese capital of Tang Dynasty.

It was first used in its first light commercial truck, the Changan-brand SC112, which was based on the Suzuki Carry mini-truck introduced from Japan in the 1980s.

See also

Notes

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References

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