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Chant

{{Short description|Rhythmic speaking or singing of words or sounds}}

{{Other uses}}

{{technical reasons|Chant #1|the Spandau Ballet song|Chant No. 1 (I Don't Need This Pressure On)}}

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{{listen

| filename = Pange Lingua Latin in Latin.ogg

| title = Pange Lingua sung in Latin

| description = The Latin text of Pange Lingua sung to its traditional melody, mode iii Gregorian chant

}}

A chant (from French {{lang|fr|{{linktext|chanter}}}},{{cite dictionary |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=chant |dictionary=Online Etymology Dictionary |title=Chant |date=November 2001 |access-date=17 March 2019 |first=Douglas |last=Harper |publisher=MaoningTech |editor-first=Dan |editor-last=McCormack |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041026151930/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=chant |archive-date=26 October 2004 |url-status=live }} from Latin {{lang|la|{{linktext|cantare}}}}, "to sing"){{cite EB1911|wstitle=Chant|volume=5|page=846}} is the iterative speaking or singing of words or sounds, often primarily on one or two main pitches called reciting tones. Chants may range from a simple melody involving a limited set of notes to highly complex musical structures, often including a great deal of repetition of musical subphrases, such as Great Responsories and Offertories of Gregorian chant. Chant may be considered speech, music, or a heightened or stylized form of speech. In the Late Middle Ages, some religious chant evolved into song (forming one of the roots of later Western music).{{cite book |last=Stolba |first=K. Marie |year=1994 |title=The Development of Western Music: A History |edition=2nd |publisher=McGraw Hill |isbn=9780697293794 |pages=734 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W8UZAQAAIAAJ}}

{{anchor|Religion|Religious}}

Chant as a spiritual practice

Chanting (e.g., mantra, sacred text, the name of God/Spirit, etc.) is a commonly used spiritual practice. Like prayer, chanting may be a component of either personal or group practice. Diverse spiritual traditions consider chant a route to spiritual development.

File:Monks chanting, Drepung monastery, Tibet.webm

Some examples include chant in African, Hawaiian, Native American, Assyrian and Australian Aboriginal cultures, Gregorian chant, Vedic chant, Quran reading, Islamic Dhikr, Baháʼí chants, various Buddhist chants, various mantras, Jewish cantillation, Epicurean repetition of the Kyriai Doxai, and the chanting of psalms and prayers especially in Roman Catholic (see Gregorian chant or Taizé Community), Eastern Orthodox (see Byzantine chant or Znamenny chant, for examples), Lutheran, and Anglican churches (see Anglican Chant).

Historical or mythological examples include chant in Germanic paganism.

Chant practices vary. In the Theravada tradition, chanting is usually done in Pali, and mainly from Pāli Canon. Tibetan Buddhist chant involves throat singing, where multiple pitches are produced by each performer. The concept of chanting mantras is of particular significance in many Hindu traditions and other closely related Indian religions. India's bhakti devotional tradition centers on kirtan, which has a following in many countries and traditions such as Ananda Marga. The Hare Krishna movement is based especially on the chanting of Sanskrit Names of God in the Vaishnava tradition and is sung from the Dan tien (or lower abdomen)—the locus of power in Eastern traditions.{{cite web |url=https://upliftconnect.com/neuroscience-and-the-sanskrit-effect/ |title=Neuroscience and the 'Sanskrit Effect' |last=ReShel |first=Azriel |date=23 February 2018 |publisher=Uplift |access-date=13 January 2020}}

See also

References

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External links

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  • [http://www.vedamu.org A site about Vedic chants]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070125015836/http://buddhism.2be.net/Pali_Chanting Traditional Buddhist Chants (Texts and Audio) as in the Buddhist Encyclopedia]

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Category:Spiritual practice

Category:Articles containing video clips

Category:Medieval music genres