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Charybdis (crab)

{{Short description|Genus of crabs}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Charybdis japonica.jpg

| image_caption = Charybdis japonica

| taxon = Charybdis

| authority = De Haan, 1833

| type_species = Cancer sexdentatus

| type_species_authority = Herbst, 1783

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision_ref =

| subdivision = See text

}}

Charybdis is a genus of swimming crabs in the family Portunidae. It is named after the monster Charybdis of Greek mythology.

Species

The genus Charybdis contains the following species:{{cite web |author1=P. Davie |author2=M. Türkay |year=2011 |title=Charybdis De Haan, 1833 |publisher=World Register of Marine Species |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=106923 |accessdate=March 31, 2017}}

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}

;Subgenus Charybdis (Charybdis) De Haan, 1833

;Subgenus Charybdis (Goniohellenus) Alcock, 1899

;Subgenus Charybdis (Gonioneptunus) Ortmann, 1894

;Subgenus Charybdis (Goniosupradens) Leene, 1938

;Incertae sedis

{{div col end}}

=''Charybdis affinis''=

Charybdis affinis has a hexagonal, concave carapace with a yellowish-grey colour. This crab is found in the Indian Ocean and in the West Pacific.{{Cite journal|author = K. H. Chu |title=Morphometric analysis and reproductive biology of the crab Charybdis affinis (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae) from the Zhujiang Estuary, China|journal=Crustaceana |year=1999 |volume=72 |pages=647–658 |doi=10.1163/156854099503690|issue = 7}}

=''Charybdis feriata''=

Charybdis feriata is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, from Japan, China and Australia to Southern Africa and the Persian Gulf.{{Cite journal|author1=P. Abellу |author2=C. Hispano |title=The capture of the Indo-Pacific crab Charybdis feriata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Brachyura: Portunidae) in the Mediterranean Sea |journal=Aquatic Invasions |year=2006 |volume=1 |pages=13–16 |doi=10.3391/ai.2006.1.1.4 |doi-access=free |hdl=10261/20391 |hdl-access=free }} It is an edible crab and because of its large size, high quality of meat and relatively soft exoskeleton, it has a high commercial value. Attempts are being made to farm this crab using aquaculture.{{Cite journal|author1=F. D. Parado-Estepa |author2=E. T. Quinitio |author3=E. M. Rodriguez |title=Seed Production of the Crucifix Crab Charybdis feriatus |journal=Aqua KE Government Documents |year=2003 |volume=VII |issue=3 |pages=37 |url=http://govdocs.aquake.org/cgi/reprint/2003/1201/12010260.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927082225/http://govdocs.aquake.org/cgi/reprint/2003/1201/12010260.pdf |archivedate=2007-09-27 }} In Hong Kong Cantonese it is known as the flowery crab (花蟹).{{Cite journal|author = C.-J. Shen |title=The Crabs of Hong Kong Part III|journal=The Hong Kong Naturalist |year=1997 |volume=10 |pages=32–45 |url=http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/27/2700149.pdf}} This name probably arises from its red and white colouring when cooked. This species of crab is also known as Charybdis feriatus and Charybdis cruciata, and has also been found in the Mediterranean Sea. The specific epithet cruciata refers to the red cross on the carapace of this species. According to tradition the Spanish Jesuit missionary Saint Francis Xavier saw this crab in Indonesia. "{{lang|fr|A Ceram, écrit François-Xavier, un crabe sur la plage me rapporta entre ses pinces mon crucifix qu'une tempête avait arraché à mon cou. Depuis, en cette région, les crabes ont un crucifix imprimé sur leur carapace}}".{{Cite book |author = R. de Ceccatty|title = L'extrémité du monde. Relation de saint François-Xavier sur ses voyages et sur sa vie|location = Paris |year = 1985|page = 113}}

=''Charybdis hellerii''=

File:Indo Pacific swimming crab.jpg

Charybdis hellerii is characterised by a hexagonal, concave carapace with a mottled brownish-grey colour. This crab originates from the Indo-West Pacific, from the Red Sea to New Caledonia. However this crab has now also successively invaded the Western Atlantic (Florida to Brazil){{Cite journal |author1=J. F. Dineen |author2=P. F. Clark |author3=A. H. Hines |author4=S. A. Reed |author5=H. P. Walton |title = Life history, larval description, and natural history of Charybdis hellerii (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae), an invasive crab in the western Atlantic |year = 2001|journal = Journal of Crustacean Biology |volume = 21|pages = 774–805 |url=http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1651%2F0278-0372(2001)021%5B0774%3ALHLDAN%5D2.0.CO%3B2|doi=10.1651/0278-0372(2001)021[0774:LHLDAN]2.0.CO;2 |issue = 3|s2cid=198969393 }} and the Mediterranean Sea.{{cite web |url = http://www.ciesm.org/atlas/Charybdishelleri.php |title =Charybdis helleri |publisher=CIESM - The Mediterranean Science Commission}}

=''Charybdis japonica''=

{{main|Charybdis japonica}}

Charybdis japonica has a hexagonal, concave carapace around {{convert|12|cm}} wide, the whole animal being pale green to olive green in colour. It occurs naturally in the waters around Japan, Korea and Malaysia, but has become an invasive species in New Zealand.

=''Charybdis lucifer''=

{{main|Charybdis lucifer}}

Charybdis (Charybdis) lucifer, the Yellowish-brown crab, is a species of swimming crab in the family Portunidae.{{cite web | url = https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=208832 | title = Charybdis (Charybdis) lucifer (Fabricius, 1798)| accessdate = 4 February 2023 | publisher = World Register of Marine Species | author = Liu J.Y.| year = 2008}}

The type locality of this species is Indian Ocean, probably Tranquebar. It occurs naturally in the waters around Bangladesh, Malaysia, India, Singapore,{{cite journal |last1= Yeo |first1= Abel Meng Wei |last2= Kwan |first2= Ivan Wei Ming |title= First Singapore record of the swimming crab, Charybdis lucifera |journal= Nature in Singapore |date=31 October 2022 |volume=15|issue=1 |pages= e2022017 |doi= 10.26107/NIS-2022-0107 |doi-access=free }} Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Australia, Italy (Invasive species), Egypt (Invasive species), Mediterranean Sea (Invasive species).

=''Charybdis longicollis''=

Charybdis longicollis is an invasive species from the Red Sea that invaded the Mediterranean Sea fifty years ago.{{Cite journal |author1=G. Innocenti |author2=N. Pinter |author3=B. S. Galil |title=Observations on the agonistic behavior of the swimming crab Charybdis longicollis Leene infected by the rhizocephalan barnacle Heterosaccus dollfusi Boschma |journal=Canadian Journal of Zoology |year=2003 |volume=81 |pages=173–176 |url=http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/rp/rppdf/z02-226.pdf |doi=10.1139/z02-226 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040911165537/http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/rp/rppdf/z02-226.pdf |archivedate=2004-09-11 |hdl=2158/1130931 |hdl-access=free }}

=''Charybdis natator''=

Charybdis natator is characterised by a brownish upper surface with some white spots among the wafts or bright red granules. On its under surface it is bluish, mottled with white and pale red.{{cite web |url = http://www.poppe-images.com/images/search_results.php?category=crabs&species=Charybdis%20natator |title = Marine Iconography of the Philippines Archipelago}} This crab is not a major target for commercial fishing.{{cite web |url = http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~bhworm/Marine%20seafood/seafood/Species/sp8i.htm |title = Hong Kong City University}}

{{cite web

|url=http://www.sydneyfishmarket.com.au/?TabId=167

|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131009065129/http://www.sydneyfishmarket.com.au/?TabId=167

|url-status=dead

|archive-date=2013-10-09

|title=Sydney Fish Market: Crabs

|accessdate=2013-10-09

}}

= ''Charybdis miles'' =

Though Charybdis miles was originally designated as its own species, it now actually refers to a group of different species including C. acutidens, C. meteor, C. riversandersoni, C. crosnieri, and C. sagamiensis.{{Cite journal|last1=Spiridonov|first1=V. A.|last2=TÜrkay|first2=M.|date=March 2001|title=Deep sea swimming crabs of the Charybdis miles species group in the western Indian Ocean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae)|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229301300009649|journal=Journal of Natural History|language=en|volume=35|issue=3|pages=439–469|doi=10.1080/002229301300009649|s2cid=86055626 |issn=0022-2933}} Unlike most portunid crabs, most species belonging to this group inhabit the deep sea.

References

{{Reflist|2}}

External links

{{commons category-inline|Charybdis (Portunidae)|Charybdis}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2961314}}

Category:Portunoidea

Category:Taxa named by Wilhem de Haan