Cheboksary

The city is located in the Volga Upland region and stands on the shore of the Cheboksary Reservoir. Its area is {{convert|250.9|km2|sp=us}}.Resolution #2083 The satellite city of Novocheboksarsk is located about {{convert|6|km|mi|frac=2|sp=us}} east of Cheboksary.

Cheboksary was first mentioned in written sources in 1469,{{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|pages=510–512}} but according to archaeological excavations, the area had been populated much earlier. The site hosted a Bulgarian city of Veda Suvar, which appeared after Mongols defeated major Volga Bulgarian cities in the 13th century. During Khanate period the town is believed by some{{Who|date=May 2010}} to have had a Turkic (probably, Tatar{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}) name Çabaqsar and that the current Russian and English names originate from it. However, in maps by European travelers it was marked as Cibocar (Pizzigano, 1367), Veda-Suar (Fra Mauro, 1459). Shupashkar, the Chuvash name literally means the "fortress of the Chuvash".

In 1555, the Russians built a fortress and established a settlement here. In 1625, there were 458 soldiers quartered in Cheboksary, and in 1646 there were 661 males living in the settlement. At the end of the 17th century, Cheboksary was regarded as a major commercial city of the Volga region, and in 1781 it was granted town status within Kazan Governorate. In the beginning of the 19th century the population was about 5500, the town had a sawmill and several small manufactures.

In the 16th and the first half of the 17th century the Vvedensky cathedral, four monasteries and eight churches had been built, in the 18th century the stone buildings of treasury and archive, magistracy, court, and ten churches. In 1880, here were counted 783 houses (33 of them from stone), 91 stores, three schools, two hospitals, and one bank.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

In the beginning of the 20th century, 5,100 people lived in Cheboksary. In 1965, the population grew to 163,000.

Cheboksary is the capital of the republic.Law #28 Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with two urban-type settlements (Novye Lapsary and Sosnovka) and two rural localities, incorporated as the city of republic significance of Cheboksary—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Cheboksary is incorporated as Cheboksary Urban Okrug.Law #37

For administrative purposes, Cheboksary is divided into three city districts: Kalininskiy, Leninskiy, and Moskovskiy.

{{Historical populations|1897|5000|1926|9000|1939|30996|1959|104374|1970|216139|1979|307599|1989|419592|2002|440621|2010|453721|2021|497807|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}Population: {{ru-census|p2010=453721|p2002=440621|p1989=419592|p2021=497807}}

The city of Cheboksary together with the satellite city Novocheboksarsk forms a polycentric agglomeration with a population of more than 680 thousand people.

The population of Cheboksary consists mainly of the two following ethnic groups; the Chuvash (62%), and ethnic Russians (34%).[http://gov.cap.ru/hierarhy.asp?page=./299/2899/759080/808912/808956 Национальный состав населения районов и городов Чувашской Республики по данным переписи населения 2002 года] Mixed marriages are quite common.

Cheboksary possesses many cultural opportunities. These include the Public Order (Badge of Honor) Russian Drama Theater, a philharmonic orchestra, the Chuvash State Puppet Theater and numerous theaters (showing productions in both Russian and Chuvash languages). However, a very popular gathering place for the locals is the recently{{When|date=September 2021}} completed zaliv (bay), situated in the middle of the city. Cheboksary also has boardwalks and beaches along the Volga River, where people swim in the summer. There are also a number of heated pools, health clubs, and museums (including the Chuvash National Museum and Russia's only beer museum).

Cheboksary hosted a language festival in 1996.

Cheboksary regularly hosts athletics meetings and racewalking events, including the 2008 IAAF World Race Walking Cup, the 2015 European Team Championships Super League, and the 2016 Russian athletics and masters athletics championships.{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/3f1006e47dec4458a448029cbb5b1464/despair-and-defiance-russian-athletes-react-doping-ban|title=Despair and defiance as Russian athletes react to doping ban |first1=Francesca |last1=Ebel |first2=Veronika |last2=Silchenko |date=19 June 2016|publisher=Associated Press |access-date=18 October 2017}} The 2016 IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships were moved from Cheboksary to Rome as part of IAAF sanctions against doping in Russia.

Educational institutions include the Chuvash State University, Chuvash State Agriculture Academy, the Chuvash State Pedagogical University, and the Cheboksary Cooperative Technical School.

• Cheboksary Physics and Mathematics School
• Cheboksary Cooperative Institute

Cheboksary is located near the Cheboksary Dam generating up to 1,404 MW, with a reservoir of {{convert|2274|km2|sp=us}}. Cheboksary is the location of the headquarters of the Concern Tractor Plants, Russia's leading machine building company and one of the largest heavy mechanical engineering companies in the world.{{cite web|url=http://www.tplants.com/en/company/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523084517/http://www.tplants.com/en/company|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 23, 2009|title=Company Profile|publisher=Concern Tractor Plants|access-date=2009-07-14}}

File:Cheboksary city tram Volga style.jpg

An extensive system of trolleybuses, autobuses, and minibuses covers the city, providing quick, convenient access to all parts of the city. For those who prefer taxis, there are several taxi agencies available, but the favorite means of transportation among locals are so-called "Gypsy" cabs. In Russia, anybody who owns a car is potentially a taxi. This can be a convenient way to get around but it is also potentially dangerous. Official taxis cost less than 6 dollars for travel between most points within the city.{{cite web|title=Economic Overview of the Republic of Chuvashia|publisher=United States Peace Corps Business Development Volunteers in Chuvashia|author=Steven Brown and Olin Lagon|url=http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/bisdoc/0106Chuvashia.htm|date=June 2001|access-date=2009-01-10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050704084704/http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/bisdoc/0106Chuvashia.htm|archive-date=July 4, 2005|df=mdy-all}}

File:Cheboksary River tram.jpg

Because the Volga River runs through Chuvashia, Cheboksary is a frequent stop on the many boat tours that travel along the major cities up and down the Volga.

To the south, Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, Astrakhan, the Caspian Sea, and Black Sea are directly reachable. To the west, the Volga River connects Cheboksary with Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl, Moscow, and the northern regions of Russia. By using river-sea vessels, it is possible to take cargo from Chuvash riverports all the way to Saint Petersburg, Novorossiysk (on the Black Sea), Astrakhan, and ports situated on the Danube river. However, the river is frozen from December to April.

The Cheboksary Airport (IATA CSY, ICAO UWKS, international airport since 1995) receives both cargo and passenger aircraft of practically all types and sizes. There are regularly scheduled flights to Moscow and other destinations. Chuvashia Airlines was based at this airport until operations ceased in 2009.

Cheboksary is located about a four-hour drive from Strigino International Airport near Nizhny Novgorod, which offers more flight connections.

The climate in the region is continental (Köppen: Dfb), and it is similar to the climate in Moscow, although colder in winter, which lasts from late November until late March with a permanent snow cover.

{{Weather box|location = Cheboksary (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1929–present)

| collapsed =

| metric first = y

| single line = y

| Jan record high C = 4.7

| Feb record high C = 5.0

| Mar record high C = 13.5

| Apr record high C = 28.6

| May record high C = 32.6

| Jun record high C = 36.4

| Jul record high C = 38.6

| Aug record high C = 39.9

| Sep record high C = 29.7

| Oct record high C = 25.0

| Nov record high C = 13.4

| Dec record high C = 7.0

| year record high C = 39.9

| Jan high C = -7.3

| Feb high C = -6.6

| Mar high C = -0.3

| Apr high C = 9.9

| May high C = 18.9

| Jun high C = 22.5

| Jul high C = 24.9

| Aug high C = 22.5

| Sep high C = 16.2

| Oct high C = 7.9

| Nov high C = -0.6

| Dec high C = -5.6

| year high C = 8.5

| Jan mean C = -10.0

| Feb mean C = -9.6

| Mar mean C = -3.6

| Apr mean C = 5.3

| May mean C = 13.4

| Jun mean C = 17.5

| Jul mean C = 19.7

| Aug mean C = 17.4

| Sep mean C = 11.7

| Oct mean C = 4.7

| Nov mean C = -2.8

| Dec mean C = -8.0

| year mean C = 4.6

| Jan low C = -12.7

| Feb low C = -12.4

| Mar low C = -6.6

| Apr low C = 1.3

| May low C = 8.3

| Jun low C = 12.7

| Jul low C = 14.9

| Aug low C = 13.0

| Sep low C = 8.0

| Oct low C = 2.1

| Nov low C = -4.8

| Dec low C = -10.4

| year low C = 1.1

| Jan record low C = -42.3

| Feb record low C = -42.2

| Mar record low C = -32.5

| Apr record low C = -21.4

| May record low C = -5.1

| Jun record low C = -4.8

| Jul record low C = 1.7

| Aug record low C = -1.5

| Sep record low C = -7.5

| Oct record low C = -15.3

| Nov record low C = -29.9

| Dec record low C = -44.3

| year record low C = -44.3

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 32

| Feb precipitation mm = 24

| Mar precipitation mm = 29

| Apr precipitation mm = 33

| May precipitation mm = 41

| Jun precipitation mm = 64

| Jul precipitation mm = 70

| Aug precipitation mm = 59

| Sep precipitation mm = 51

| Oct precipitation mm = 58

| Nov precipitation mm = 43

| Dec precipitation mm = 36

| year precipitation mm = 540

| Jan rain days = 2

| Feb rain days = 0

| Mar rain days = 3

| Apr rain days = 10

| May rain days = 16

| Jun rain days = 15

| Jul rain days = 13

| Aug rain days = 12

| Sep rain days = 20

| Oct rain days = 15

| Nov rain days = 11

| Dec rain days = 10

| year rain days = 127

| Jan snow days = 25

| Feb snow days = 16

| Mar snow days = 16

| Apr snow days = 4

| May snow days = 0

| Jun snow days = 0

| Jul snow days = 0

| Aug snow days = 0

| Sep snow days = 0

| Oct snow days = 7

| Nov snow days = 14

| Dec snow days = 23

| year snow days = 105

| Jan humidity = 85

| Feb humidity = 80

| Mar humidity = 79

| Apr humidity = 58

| May humidity = 56

| Jun humidity = 59

| Jul humidity = 52

| Aug humidity = 62

| Sep humidity = 74

| Oct humidity = 79

| Nov humidity = 87

| Dec humidity = 86

| year humidity = 71

| source 1 = Погода и Климат{{cite web |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/27581.htm|title= Climate Cheboksary|access-date=5 November 2021|publisher=Pogoda.ru.net}}

}}

• «To health via culture» — Journal of the World Health Culture Organization.{{cite web |url=https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=STNO&searchType=1&recCount=25&searchArg=0204-3440 |title=To health via culture: journal of the World Health Culture Organization |year=1995 |issue=1 |publisher=catalog.loc.gov |issn=0204-3440 |access-date=19 July 2024}}{{cite book |url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01003502977 |title=To Health via culture |year=1995 |issue=1 |publisher=rsl.ru |issn=0204-3440 |access-date=17 July 2024}}

{{Wide image|Cheboksary-Landscape at afternoon.jpg|900|Cheboksary Bay 2003}}

File:New Cheboksary Government House.jpg|The new Government House of the Chuvash Republic

File:TOB-2017.jpg|The Chuvash State Opera and Ballet Theater

File:Чувашский государственный художественный музей.JPG|Chuvash State Art Museum

File:Cheboksary National Library.jpg|Chuvash National Library

File:Проспект Ленина, 2, Чебоксары (2).jpg|Chuvashia Hotel

File:Evening view of Chuvash Drama Theatre. Cheboksary, Chuvashia, Russia - panoramio (13).jpg|Chuvash Drama Theater

File:Cheboksary. Dormition Church P8121972 2200.jpg|Assumption Church

File:Moskovskiy rayon, Cheboksary, Chuvashia, Russia - panoramio (42).jpg|Mother Patroness Monument in center of the city

File:Cheboksary. Monument of Vasily Chapaev.jpg|Monument of Vasily Chapaev

File:Cheboksary Railway Station before reconstruction 2.jpg|Cheboksary railway station before reconstruction

File:Чувашский государственный театр кукол (2).jpg|Chuvash State Puppet Theater

File:Введенский Собор в Чебоксарах (1).jpg|Vvedensky Cathedral

File:P9012058-1.jpg|Old house, architectural monument

File:Здание в обороте.jpg|the old house of the merchant Kadomtsev

File:Чебоксары, улица Бондарева, 13.jpg|The oldest pharmacy Cheboksary

File:Чувашия. Чебоксары. Дом крестьянина.jpg|Peasant's House

• Marie Vorobieff (1892-1984), Russian-born painter
• Andriyan Nikolayev (1929—2004), Soviet cosmonaut
• Daniil Orain (born 2000), Russian journalist
• Yuri Yevlampyev (born 1966), former Russian professional footballer

{{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}

Cheboksary is twinned with:{{cite web |title=Города - побратимы г. Чебоксары|url=http://gcheb.cap.ru/mezhdunarodnie-i-regionaljnie-svyazi/goroda-pobratimi-gcheboksari|website=gcheb.cap.ru|publisher=Cheboksary|language=ru|access-date=2020-02-02}}{{cite web |title=Kardeş Şehir Hamm|url=https://www.afyon.bel.tr/icerikdetay/269/319/kardes-sehir-hamm.aspx|website=afyon.bel.tr|publisher=Afyonkarahisar|language=tr|access-date=2020-02-02}}

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

• {{flagicon|TUR}} Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
• {{flagicon|HUN}} Eger, Hungary
• {{flagicon|BLR}} Grodno, Belarus
• {{flagicon|NAM}} Rundu, Namibia
• {{flagicon|CUB}} Santa Clara, Cuba

{{div col end}}

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|cu|adm|law}}
• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|cu|mun|list}}
• {{RussiaBasicLawRef|cu|cheboksary}}
• {{Cite Russian law

|ru_entity=Чебоксарское городское Собрание депутатов

|ru_type=Решение

|ru_number=1525

|ru_date=24 декабря 2009 г.

|ru_title=О гимне муниципального образования города Чебоксары — столицы Чувашской Республики

|ru_effective_date=со дня официального опубликования

|ru_published_in="Чебоксарские новости", №148–149

|ru_published_date=29 декабря 2009 г

|ru_url=

|en_entity=Cheboksary City Assembly of Deputies

|en_type=Decision

|en_number=1525

|en_date=December 24, 2009

|en_title=On the Anthem of the Municipal Formation of the City of Cheboksary—the Capital of the Chuvash Republic

|en_effective_date=the day of the official publication

|en_url=

}}

• {{Cite Russian law

|ru_entity=Администрация города Чебоксары Чувашской Республики

|ru_type=Постановление

|ru_number=2083

|ru_date=1 июля 2013 г.

|ru_title=О социальном паспорте города Чебоксары за 2012 год

|ru_effective_date=

|ru_published_in="Вестник органов местного самоуправления города Чебоксары", №12

|ru_published_date=10 июля 2013 г

|ru_url=

|en_entity=Administration of the City of Cheboksary of the Chuvash Republic

|en_type=Resolution

|en_number=2083

|en_date=July 1, 2013

|en_title=On the 2012 Social Passport of the City of Cheboksary

|en_effective_date=

|en_url=

}}

{{Wikivoyage}}

• [http://www.gcheb.cap.ru/ Official website of Cheboksary] {{in lang|ru}}
• [http://cheboksaryi.jsprav.ru/ Cheboksary Business Directory] {{in lang|ru}}
• [http://gov.cap.ru/home/chuv_adm/album/Cheb800/page_01.htm Photos from Cheboksary]

{{Chuvash Republic}}

{{Russian republics capitals}}

{{List of European capitals by region}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2012}}

Category:Cheboksarsky Uyezd

Category:Populated places on the Volga